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Outline

Testing of Embedded Control Systems with Continous Signals

2006

Abstract

Auch wenn ihr durch die Prägung des Begriffs "Model-Driven Architecture" (MDA) durch die OMG zusätzliche Aufmerksamkeit zugekommen ist, hat die modellbasierte Entwicklung in vielen Bereichen von der Geschäftsprozessmodellierung bis hin zur Beschreibung von eingebetteten Steuerungssystemen Anwendung gefunden und geht dabei in den eingesetzten Techniken und Verfahren über die Trennung von plattformunabhängigen und plattformspezifischen Systembeschreibungen und den Übergang dazwischen hinaus. Zentrales Merkmal der modellbasierten Entwicklung ist dabei der Einsatz von Modellen, die sich an der Problem-anstatt der Lösungsdomäne orientieren. Dies bedingt einerseits die Bereitstellung anwendungsorientierter Modelle (z.B. Matlab/Simulink-artige für regelungstechnische Problemstellungen, Statechart-artige für reaktive Anteile) und ihrer zugehörigen konzeptuellen (z.B. Komponenten, Signal, Nachrichten, Zustände) und semantischen Aspekte (z.B. synchroner Datenfluss, ereignisgesteuerte Kommunikation). Andererseits bedeutet dies auch die Abstimmung auf die jeweilige Entwicklungsphase, mit Modellen von der Anwendungsanalyse (z.B. Beispielszenarien, Schnittstellenmodelle) bis hin zur Implementierung (z.B. Bus-oder Task-Schedules, Implementierungstypen). Für eine durchgängige modellbasierte Entwicklung ist daher im Allgemeinen die Verwendung eines Modell nicht ausreichend, sondern der Einsatz einer Reihe von abgestimmten Modellen für Sichten und Abstraktionen des zu entwickelnden Systems (z.B. funktionale Architektur, logische Architektur, technische Architektur, Hardware-Architektur) nötig. Durch den Einsatz problem-statt lösungszentrierter Modelle kann in jedem Entwicklungsabschnitt von unnötigen Festlegungen abstrahiert werden, während besonders wichtige und kritische Aspekte explizit und frühzeitig modelliert werden (z.B. Zeit, Prioritäten oder Kommunikationsaspekte). Die dadurch ermöglichte Anwendung analytischer und generativer Verfahren auf diesen Modellen ermöglicht die effiziente Entwicklung hochqualitativer Software. Modellbasierte Vorgehensweisen haben gerade in der Softwareentwicklung in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Gerade im Bereich eingebetteter Software (z.B. Automotive oder Avionic Software Engineering) erfährt der Einsatz von domänenspezifischen Modellierungswerkzeugen in der Softwarenetwicklung zunehmend an Verbreitung. Wesentlich dazu haben dabei die Weiterentwicklung von Sprachen für aufgabenspezifische Modelle (z.B. synchroner Datenfluss) und dazugehörige Werkzeugen für spezialisierte Bereiche (z.B. Regelungs-und Steuerungsalgorithmen, Anlagensteuerung) und die Verbesserung der Ent-wicklungswerkzeuge, vor allem hinsichtlich Implementierungsqualität, Bedienkomfort und Analysemächtigkeit beigetragen. Trotzdem sind im Kontext der modellbasierten Entwicklung noch viele, auch grundlegende Fragen offen, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Durchgängigkeit. Die in diesen Tagungsband zusammengefassten Papiere stellen zum Teil gesicherte Ergebnisse, Work-In-Progress, industrielle Erfahrungen und innovative Ideen aus diesem Bereich zusammen und erreichen damit eine interessante Mischung theoretischer Grundlagen und praxisbezogener Anwendung. V Genau wie beim ersten, im Januar 2005 erfolgreich durchgeführten Workshop sind damit wesentliche Ziele dieses Workshops erreicht: -Austausch über Probleme und existierende Ansätze zwischen den unterschiedlichen Disziplinen (insbesondere Elektro-und Informationstechnik, Maschinenwesen/Mechatronik und Informatik) -Austausch über relevante Probleme in der Anwendung/Industrie und existierende Ansätze in der Forschung -Verbindung zu nationalen und internationalen Aktivitäten (z.B. Initiative des IEEE zum Thema Model-Based Systems Engineering, GI-AK Modellbasierte Entwicklung eingebetteter Systeme, GI-FG Echtzeitprogrammierung, MDA Initiative der OMG) Die Themengebiete, für die dieser Workshop gedacht ist und fachlich sehr gut abgedeckt sind, sich dieses Jahr (mit Ausnahmen) aber sehr stark auf den automotiven Bereich konzentrieren, fokussieren auf Teilaspekte modellbasierter Entwicklung eingebetteter Softwaresysteme. Darin enthalten sind unter anderem: -Domänenspezifische Ansätze zur Modellierung von Systemen (z.B. Avionik, Railway, Automotive, Produktions-und Automatisierungstechnik) -Durchgängigkeit und Integration von Modellen für eingebettete Systeme -Modellierung spezifischer Eigenschaften eingebetteter Systeme (z.B. Echtzeiteigenschaften, Robustheit/Zuverlässigkeit, Ressourcenmodellierung) -Konstruktiver Einsatz von Modellen (Generierung und Evolution) -Modellbasierte Validierung und Verifikation Das Organisationskomitee ist der Meinung, dass mit den Teilnehmern aus Industrie, Werkzeugherstellern und der Wissenschaft die bereits 2005 erfolgte Community-Bildung erfolgreich weitergeführt wurde, und damit demonstriert, dass eine solide Basis zur Weiterentwicklung des noch jungen Felds modellbasierter Entwicklung eingebetteter Systeme existiert. Die Durchführung eines erfolgreichen Workshops ist ohne vielfache Unterstützung nicht möglich. Wir danken daher den Mitarbeitern von Schloss Dagstuhl und natürlich unseren Sponsoren.

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