Arkheologiya Evraziyskikh stepey No3 2023

2022

2017

Gubaidullin Airat M. Fortification in the Middle Volga Region in the 10th – first half of the 16th Centuries. Kazan, 2019. 323 р. Губайдуллин А.М. Фортификация в Среднем Поволжье в X – первой половине XVI вв. Казань, 2019. 323 c., 2019

The defensive systems of medieval defensive fortified settlments and hillforts as one of significant elements of the medieval towns are analysed in the monograph. These systems substantially reflected the specific features of establishment and technological achievements of various societies. The book features the study of fortification of Middle Volga states in the 10th – first half of the 16th centuries, which demonstrates a sufficiently high level not only against the general background of the development of military and defensive arts of the East-European peoples, but also in the entire Eurasia. The book is intended for archaeologists, historians, military engineers and everyone interested in the history of fortification.

2022

2018

Rusenikhino burial ground is a unique monument of the 10th–11th centuries encompassing a variety of information for studying the Mari culture of the Middle Ages. It was discovered and explored by the Mari Archaeological Expedition in 2009-2013. Individual fragments of the obtained material formed the basis of preliminary articles on various aspects of the culture: costume, funeral rites, and beliefs. This paper features a complete generalization of the obtained materials, as well as supplemented and corrected previously published fragments. The work was conducted with the use of the following modern natural scientific methods: the atomic absorption method for studying anthropological material, bone and soil analyses to determine the chemical composition of microelements, biological studies of leather and furs from clothing and lining, studies of textile fibers by optical microscopy in transmitted and reflected polarized light, X-ray fluorescence analysis of the certain categories of grave goods made of nonferrous metals, etc. Ethnographic information was used to interpret the material. The publication gives a broad idea of the peculiarities of the material and spiritual culture of the Vetluga region Mari population in the Middle Ages.

2021

2022

2018

2019

2020

A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. Khisiametdinova Defensive Structures of the Cusp Settlements of the Volga-Kama Region in the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages The monograph is dedicated to the fortifications of the cusp settlements of the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages in the Volga-Kama region. The characteristic features of these structures, which included a rampart and a moat, consist in the use of terrain for the construction of fortifications, and their location on cusps. Cusp settlements, as they appeared in the early Iron Age, existed for almost two thousand years from the 9th century BC until the 7th/8th centuries AD. This time period, along with the development of the armament complex, is characterized by the development of construction technology, and a gradual departure from landscape binding, as the shape and number of shafts was changing. The cusp settlement building tradition of the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages was only interrupted in the late Migration Period. The fortifications which replaced them developed on the basis of other traditions and under the influence of the established state institutions of Volga Bolgaria. Чижевский А.А., Хисяметдинова А.А. Оборонительные сооружения мысовых городищ Волго-Камья в раннем железном веке и раннем средневековье. Казань, 2020. 277 с. Монография посвящена оборонительным сооружениям мысовых городищ Волго-Камья раннего железного века и раннего средневековья. Характерными особенностями этих сооружений, включающих вал и ров, являются использование рельефа для строительства оборонительных сооружений и размещение на мысах. Мысовые городища в той форме как они появились в начале раннего железного века, просуществовали почти две тысячи лет с IX в. до н.э. до VII/VIII вв. н.э. За этот промежуток времени, вместе с развитием орудийного комплекса, развивались технологии строительства, происходил постепенной отказ от привязки к рельефу, изменялась форма и количество валов. Традиция строительства мысовых городищ раннего железного века и раннего средневековья прервалась лишь в конце эпохи великого переселения народов. Сменившая их фортификация развивалась уже по другим традициям и под влиянием оформившихся государственных институтов Волжской Булгарии. Публикации. Казань, 2020. 94 с. В данный том включены также публикации материалов археологических исследований, освещающие локальные и общие проблемы позднего бронзового и раннего железного веков. В этом разделе принимали участие В.А. Подобед, А.Н. Усачук, В.В. Цимиданов, А.Е. Митряков, Е.М. Черных, А.В. Лыганов, В.В. Морозов, Л.А. Смирнов, Э.А. Хуснутдинов, С.Е. Бакаев, А.А. Красноперов, А.В. Новиков.