Arab Spring-Concepts and Characteristics (Case of Egypt)

International Journal of Communication, 2011

The new forms of cultural articulation we are seeing in the uprisings of the Arab Middle East are inseparable from the recent history of mediated culture in the region. In the production, distribution, and consumption of satellite television, as well as in the use and consumption of the global Internet, a new role for the work of the imagination has transformed culture and placed individuals at the centers of their own narratives in profound ways. This has led to the rejection of the tired, official narratives that have long dominated official mediated production in the Arab Middle East, and it continues to encourages Arabs to imagine themselves as subjects (and not, as the official narratives would have it, objects) of history. The unexpected uprisings of the "Arab Spring" demonstrate that new forms of political articulation and significantly new forms of political practice are taking root in the Arab world. In Egypt, this new relationship between government and governed-i.e., people in the streets refusing to obey the state-violates conventional wisdom about national political life. Most observers of Egypt have long argued that years of a dilapidated educational system, an ineffectual pretense of a democratic infrastructure, and the continued valorization of patriarchal culture had left Egyptians an apolitical, simple-minded, and ultimately fatalistic mass of apathetic (young) people.

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015

The term Arab Spring or its Arabic term, al-Rabi' al-'Arabi is the revolution of demonstrations and protests of the people against the ruling Government. It was claimed to begin on December 18, 2010 in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. However, this outbreak also spreads to several other Western Asian countries such as Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria. As such, this article aims to analyze the phenomenon of Arab Spring happening in those countries. This article also aims to explore how the outbreak of the unrest occurred and identify the factors that led to the protests of the people as well as to review the role of mass media in the revolution of the people. This study uses a qualitative method which is a document analysis approach to synthesize information from authoritative resources to ensure the validity of the information obtained. The study found that the wave of revolution was the people's protests against the current ruling Government. Several factors such as political, economic, and social factors are the main cause leading to the phenomenon of Arab Spring. Although this may be attributed to issues or problems that vary for each country, the goal of the rise of the people remains the same, i.e. protesting against unfair Government and demanding that people's rights be reinstated.

2017

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2018

A term invented by American news journal Foreign Policy, the ‘Arab Spring’ is used to refer to the wave of political uprisings that had started in Tunisia in 2010 and has since swept across the Arab World posing a strong resistance towards the existing authoritarian and kleptocratic regimes. The levels of success of the upheavals differ from place to place. The Egyptian equivalent, also known as the Egyptian Revolution was triggered by the death of Khaled Saeed and further endorsed by social media campaigning led by Wael Ghoneim. As an immediate result of the protests in Egypt, President Hosni Mubarak, who was in office since 1981, was deposed in 2011, thereby ending the 31-year-old State of Emergency leading to suspension of the Constitution, parliamentary dissolution and subsequent democratic elections. This paper seeks to explore and analyse the directions taken by Egypt during this so-called post-Arab Spring reconstruction period dotted with perpetual mass insurgency. Contrary to the anticipation of democracy and civil freedoms as a result of Mubarak’s resignation, Egypt has been caught up in further economic ebbs and repressive measures. Being the largest Arab state and Israel’s neighbour and Camp David partner, Egypt is pivotal for the region’s future. The overthrow of Mohammed Morsi and the subsequent electoral victory of Abdel Fatah el-Sisi after the constitutional referendum in 2014 proved to be a turning point for the Sinai insurgencies and ultimately in the question of regional stability and liberalization, something largely unheard of since the Suez Crisis. Through analysis of present state of affairs in Egypt, this paper seeks to establish a progress report of the Arab Spring in the region and infer as to what the future looks like for the hundreds and thousands that had valiantly occupied Tahrir Square to voice a collective opinion in favour of democracy.

Arab countries have been colonialized by the big powers after WW 1. Ottoman Empire had been ruling almost all Arabic countries for many centuries. But after it started to collapse, European powers kept their eyes on this area. Because these countries are holding a huge oil and gas reserves and they are located in geopolitically very important place of the world. Big powers of the world at that time, such as England or France knew that if they could control these areas, they would control the trade of the world. That is why; Middle East has always been a crush place for big powers in the world politics. This paper will focus on the importance of the Arabic countries, and the process to the Arab Spring revolutions, public’s situation before the revolutions and after the revolutions. Significance of the work is to give future predictions for Arab countries in the Middle East, Syrian problem and of course one of the biggest current problems of the world, Refugee Crisis. The aim of this paper is to defend that radical groups in the region led the revolutions go off the rails. And specifically there will be 4 countries on this paper examined under the study of Arab spring where there have been 3 leader and regime changes; Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, and where there is a civil war and its president remains his seat; Syria. Key Words: Middle East, Revolutions, Arab Spring, Democracy, Freedom

Eruditio- e-Journal of the World Academy of Art And Science, 2018

The article presents a critical analysis of the imposed construct of ‘The Arab Spring’. It presents an analytic description of a more realistic picture of what happened in the Arab World. There was discontent fomenting among the Arab peoples following what they saw had happened to them, not initiated by them, starting with the US’ invasion of Iraq, resulting in its breakup as a unified nation, the dismantling of its army and its institutions, the killing of its President, and the growing wave of the ‘Islamic Caliphate’ sweeping the Arab world. Egypt is now, six years after the second phase of the Revolution (2011-2013), growing into a democracy that has been born out of her historical identity, the national character of Egyptians, and the unique societal fabric of integrated diversity that rejects extremism and western-imposed models. In this article, I will revisit the notion of the ‘Arab Spring’ which I am frequently asked about. Most recently, this question was posed to me directly during the Future of Democracy Roundtable & Planning Workshop held at the Inter-University Centre in Dubrovnik, Croatia (organized by The World Academy of Art and Science and co-organized by The World University Consortium and The Global Round Table) on April 3-5, 2018. Perhaps this article would provide partial answers to that question.

Many developed countries contend with Middle East because of its oil reservoir. Therefore, the existence of Middle East without violence is not thinkable. This situation’s recent example is Arab Spring. It began from Tunisia and, has spread to thirteen countries. This movement also affected the Egypt and, caused lots of death.

International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 2016

This study discusses the Arab Spring revolutions that took place in the Arab World a few years ago by reviewing the historical relationship of the crisis of Arab thought (religious, political and modernist) describing it as a cumulative product which accumulated in Arab mentality and formed an ideological path that was difficult to abandon. This was one of the most important factors for the deterioration of the Arab renaissance concept in ideological composition and one of the most prominent reasons for the failure of the revolutions that swept the Arab states demanding the regimes' downfall or political and democratic reform. The study also brings to light the revolution concept throughout history and presents the most important opinions of researchers in their view of the Arab Spring from different perspectives and ideologies. The study attempts to analyse the framework of the revolutions' reality by revealing the most important characteristics of the revolutions in each country and their transformation into civil and sectarian wars in some states, and their success in others.

This research paper examines thoroughly and critically all the causes and facilitators of the Arab Spring - from twitter and facebook to the relative deprivation of the numerous youth in the Arab World. In addition, this research paper for the first time outlines the necessary and sufficient conditions under which regime change was effectuated and, thus, explains the resilience of certain regimes and the vulnerability of others.

The waves of the Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria, and any other country that may follow, is considered a unique phenomenon worth studying in view of the pre and post revolution events and effects on all sectors of the national economy, as well as their interlocking effects on the global economy. The current research aims at studying the concepts of the Arab Spring, its causes and its most important consequences, as well as the ability of the current economic theory to interpret such events. The most important results of the research lies in the need for a new theory to explain the Arab Spring revolutions, the new theory should based on showing how important was the technological revolution in the field of communications, the use of violence against the rebels, and legitimate demands of rebels in continuation and success of the revolutions of the Arab Spring.