Non Linear Properties of Dense PIN-PT Ceramics

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2017

The properties of TBC-3 and PZT-23 piezoelectric ceramics have been studied by the method of loaded three-element complex oscillator. Changes in the higher-order (up to fifth) parameters are considered for large mechanical (0-120 MPa) and electric (0-600 kV/m) loads. Results of studying the longitudinal flexibility , piezoelectric modulus d 31 , and dielectric permittivity are presented within a frequency range of 20-200 kHz, where the frequency dispersion of dielectric as well as piezoelectric and elastic parameters is observed.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 1989

Absfruct-Pure (undoped) piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic samples at compositions across the ferroelectric region of the phase diagram have been prepared from sol-gel derived fine powders. Excess lead oxide was included in the PZT powders to obtain dense (95-96 percent of theoretical density) ceramics with large grain size (> 7 pm), and to control the lead stoichiometry. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties were measured from 4.2-300" K. At very low temperatures, the extrinsic domain wall and thermal defect motions "freeze out." The low temperature dielectric data will be used to determine coefficients in a phenomenological theory. The extrinsic contribution to the properties can then be separated from the single domain properties derived from the theory.

Journal of Applied Physics, 2003

The properties of PZN-PT and PMN-PT single crystals of varying compositions and orientations have been investigated. Among the various compositions studied, [0 0 1]-optimally poled PZN-(6-7)%PT and PMN-30%PT exhibit superior dielectric and piezoelectric properties, with K T ≈ 6800-8000, d 33 ≈ 2800 pC/N, d 31 ≈ −(1200-1800) pC/N for PZN-(6-7)%PT; and K T = 7500-9000, d 33 = 2200-2500 pC/N and d 31 = −(1100-1400) pC/N for PMN-30%PT. These two compositions are also fairly resistant to over-poling. The [0 0 1]-poled electromechanical coupling factors (k 33 , k 31 and k t ) are relatively insensitive to crystal composition. [0 1 1]-optimally poled PZN-7%PT single crystal also exhibits extremely high d 31 values of up to −4000 pC/N with k 31 ≈ 0.90-0.96. While [0 1 1]-poled PZN-7%PT single crystal becomes over-poled with much degraded properties when poled at and above 0.6 kV/mm, PZN-6%PT crystal shows no signs of over-poling even when poled to 2.0 kV/mm. The presence of a certain amount (i.e., 10-15%) of orthorhombic phase in a rhombohedral matrix has been found to be responsible for the superior transverse piezoelectric properties of [0 1 1]-optimally poled PZN-(6-7)%PT. The present work shows that flux-grown PZN-PT crystals exhibit superior and consistent properties and improved over-poling resistance to flux-grown PMN-PT crystals and that, for or a given crystal composition, flux-grown PMN-PT crystals exhibit superior over-poling resistance to their melt-grown counterparts.

Phase Transitions, 2008

Journal of Applied Physics, 2010

Lead oxide-based ferroelectrics, represented by lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr,Ti)O3] or PZT), are the most widely used materials for piezoelectric actuators, sensors, and transducers due to their excellent piezoelectric properties. Most of these piezoelectric materials are employed under a variety of strains (stress, electrical field, and temperature). It would thus be interesting to predict their behaviors under different excitations without having to perform too much experimental work, i.e., just carry out a single experiment and still be able to provide the other experimental values. The purpose of this paper has thus been to propose several behavioral laws linking the electrical field, temperature and mechanical stress. The first law rendered it possible to express the mechanical stress by an equivalent electric field [ΔE≡αΔT×P(E,T0)]. Subsequently, a law linking the electrical field and temperature {ΔE≡[2β×P(E,θ0)]×Δθ} was proposed. From these two laws, a third law was identified reflecting the mechanical stress as an equivalent temperature; each expressed by a temperature equivalent stress (T≡δ×Δθ). After experimental validation of these laws, the mapping could be extended in order to predict the polarization behavior in the tensile stress zone as well as that as a function of the negative temperature.

2019 International Congress on Ultrasonics

The nonlinear elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of piezoceramics Titanate-Barium-Calcium-Cobalt were experimentally determined within the frequency range of 20…200 kHz under the action of mechanical (0…120 MPa) and electrical (0…60 kV/m) stresses using the ultrasonic loaded complex oscillator method. The presence of the dispersion of dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic parameters was found. The values obtained fully describe the nonlinear constants of higher orders of piezoceramics. Higher order constants were obtained up to the fifth order. The results obtained can be used for the simulation of oscillation rod systems containing piezoelectric insertions in order to predict their behavior under high electric fields and/or when subjected to high mechanical stresses.

Ferroelectrics, 2009

A simple model is developed to explain the hysteretic electric field dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient in ferroelectric thin films. The nonlinear susceptibility and hysteretic electrical polarization behavior can explain the piezoelectric hysteresis characteristics. An empirical model introducing a weighting factor is utilized to represent the electric field dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility. Experimentally, the magnitude of the maximum of the piezoelectric coefficient measured in the backward direction of the piezoelectric hysteresis loop is usually larger than that of the maximum measured in the forward direction. The proposed model shows that the weighting factor in modeling the nonlinear susceptibility may account for this observed phenomenon. The nonlinear susceptibility may also explain the peaked shape observed in piezoelectric coeffieint-electric field hysteresis loops. The approach in this work does not require the "hard ferroelectric approximation" of the polarization characteristics, and provides a method of predicting the piezoresponse from measured capacitance and polarization properties of the ferroelectric thin film.

Journal of Electroceramics, 2004

In this paper, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of 0.9PbZr x Ti 1−x O 3 -0.1PbNi 1/3 Sb 1/3 Nb 1/3 O 3 were studied as a function of Zr/Ti mole ratio(x) for application to piezoelectric actuator. Also, microstructure and crystalline phase are investigated by using SEM and XRD, respectively. As a results, the substitution of Sb5+ to Bsite increases the piezoelectric and dielectric properties, and when Zr/Ti mole ratio is 49/51 and ternary mole ration is 0.1(0.9PbZr 0.49 Ti 0.51 O 3 -0.1PbNi 1/3 Sb 1/3 Nb 1/3 O 3 ), the corresponding composition were found belonging to the Morphotropic Phase Boundary region with electromechanical coupling coefficient(k p ), mechanical quality factor (Q m ), permittivity(ε r ) and piezoelectric strain constant(d 33 ) equaled to 63%, 360, 2000 and 470 pC/N, respectively. Sintering temperature was about 1150 • C and Curie temperature was determined around 290 • C.

Ceramics International, 2020

The piezoelectric material behavior, including loss mechanism, under external DC electric field and stress biases have been extensively studied in lead zirconate titanate ceramics. However, in order to achieve a better understanding of these effects, development of a comprehensive model is required. The purpose of this paper is to develop a phenomenological model to explain the nonlinear nature of piezoelectric parameters under DC bias electric field and stress. Therefore, the Landau-Devonshire energy function considering external biases was developed and accordingly the material properties were derived, based on first order approximation. In order to explain the compliance and piezoelectric constants change higher order elastic and electrostrictive terms were introduced into the Gibb's free energy function. Accordingly, thermodynamic theory parameters, including higher order parameters, of a soft PZT were measured and characterized based on inverse permittivity behavior near Curie temperature. Finally, the phenomenological model predictions of material property changes under DC bias electric field and compressive stress were compared with experimental data reported by our group. The proposed model succeeded to explain the material properties change under external biases. Furthermore, the effect of DC electric field and compressive stress on loss parameters were explained based on domain wall motion.

Smart Materials and …, 2007

A modelling framework that incorporates the peculiarities of microstructural features, such as the spatial correlation of crystallographic orientations and morphological texture in piezoelectrics, is established. The mathematical homogenization theory of a piezoelectric medium is implemented using the finite element method by solving the coupled equilibrium electrical and mechanical fields. The dependence of the domain orientation on the macroscopic electromechanical properties of crystalline as well as polycrystalline ceramic relaxor ferroelectric 0.58Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.42PbTiO 3 (PMN-42% PT) is studied based on this model. The material shows large anisotropy in the piezoelectric coefficient e j K in its crystalline form. The homogenized electromechanical moduli of polycrystalline ceramic also exhibit significantly anisotropic behaviours. An optimum texture at which the piezoceramic exhibits its maximum longitudinal piezoelectric response is identified.