ABSTRACT In plants, where fairly distant species could be crossed, it has always not been possibl... more ABSTRACT In plants, where fairly distant species could be crossed, it has always not been possible to obtain full hybrids between desired individuals because of sexual incompatibility barriers. This has often proved to be a serious handicap in crop improvement programs through hybridization. With the ability of isolating protoplasts from plant cells using enzymes in the early 1960 by E. C. Cocking, the interest in genetic modification of somatic cells in higher plants has developed. Within a decade, Takebe et al. (1971) regenerated completes plants from leaf protoplasts of tabacco increased the potential of prtoplast culture techniques. Not only isolated protoplasts but their fusion product, a somatic hybrid, can also be regenerated into whole plants. Plant protoplasts can also take up foreign DNA, through their naked plasma membrane, under specific chemical and physical treatments. Protoplasts also provide an experimental system for a wide range of biochemical and molecular studies ranging from investigations into the growth properties of individual cells to membrane transport. Present chapter describes the methods of protoplast isolation, purification, culture techniques as also protoplast fusion techniques and somatic hybrid selection procedures.
Methanolic root peel extract of Potentilla fulgens L. shows anti-proliferative activity on root meristematic cells of Lathyrus sativus L. and antiamoebic activity on trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica
In an attempt to correlate polyploidy in grass pea and tumorigenicity, the effects of pro-oxidant... more In an attempt to correlate polyploidy in grass pea and tumorigenicity, the effects of pro-oxidant, antioxidant and anti-cancerous drugs are evaluated. An increase in H 2 O 2 content and lipid peroxidase (LPx) activity is associated with the stress along with the hike in the antioxidant enzyme levels in colchicine-induced polyploidy. However, ascorbic acid (AA) and methotrexate (MTX) cure oxidative damage owing to their free radical scavenging role and cell division arresting functionality and restoring the cells from polyploidy. This restoration is marked by a fall in the antioxidant enzyme activity namely catalase (CAT), LPx and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Although polyploidy has been controlled, normal growth is compromised as implied the change in radicle lengths of grass peas in various combinations of AA and MTX treatments. Soaking of seed with H 2 O 2 aggravates stress and transforms polyploid cells into necrotic in the higher dose. This preliminary observation seems to be interesting to extrapolate the potentiality of antioxidants as well as anti-cancer drugs for retrieving cells from induced polyploidy.
Towards establishment of a plant-based model to assess the novel anti-cancerous lead molecule(s): An in silico, in vivo and in vitro assessment of some potential anti-cancerous drugs on Lathyrus sativus L
Protoplasma, 2022
The drug development process is one of the important aspects of medical biology. The classical le... more The drug development process is one of the important aspects of medical biology. The classical lead identification strategy in the way of drug development based on animal cell is time-consuming, expensive and involving ethical issues. The following study aims to develop a novel plant-based screening of drugs. Study shows the efficacy of certain anti-cancerous drugs (Pemetrexed, 5-Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Topotecan and Etoposide) on a plant-based (Lathyrus sativus L.) system. Two important characteristics of cancer cells were observed in the colchicine-treated polyploid cell and the callus, where the chromosome numbers were unusual and the division of cells were uncontrolled respectively. With increasing concentration, the drugs significantly reduced the mitotic index, ploidy level and callus growth. Increasing Pemetrexed concentration decreased the plant DHFR activity. A decrease in total RNA content was observed in 5-FU and Methotrexate with increasing concentrations of the drugs. Etoposide and Topotecan inhibited plant topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, which was justified through plasmid nicking and comet assay, respectively. Molecular and biochemical study revealed similar results to the animal system. The in silico study had been done, and the structural similarity of drug binding domains of L. sativus and human beings had also been established. The binding site of the selected drugs to the domains of plant target proteins was also determined. Experimental results are significant in terms of the efficacy of known anti-cancerous drugs on the plant-based system. The proposed assay system is a cost-effective, convenient and less time-consuming process for primary screening of anti-cancerous lead molecules.
Plant based anticancerous lead identification strategy
Plant based anticancerous lead identification strategy validated primarily by the study of the ef... more Plant based anticancerous lead identification strategy validated primarily by the study of the efficacy of four anticancerous drugs namely, vinblastine, methotrexate, etoposide and cisplatin on germinating grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seedling considering attributes like mitotic index and seedling length. Seedlings are also treated with colchicine followed by drug treatments. Colchicine induces polyploid cell formation which is an attribute of cancerous cell. Furthermore, the inhibiting potentialities of the test materials are also studied in relation to callus growth. Callus formation resembles tumorigenic growth and its inhibition represents the potentiality of the drugs. Biochemical and molecular studies reveal that the modes of action of anticancerous drugs are nearly similar in plant and human system. Moreover, binding domain of the drugs has also been studied in comparison with plant species and human beings. The objective of the work is to assess the effective potentiality...
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