The Potwar sub-basin is an important hydrocarbon producing zone of the Upper Indus basin and has ... more The Potwar sub-basin is an important hydrocarbon producing zone of the Upper Indus basin and has significant oil and gas potential. The Balkassar area is the main oil field of the Potwar sub-basin and oil is mainly produced from Eocene carbonates. The Chorgali Formation is of Eocene age and is the main reservoir rock in this area. Structurally, the Potwar sub-basin is complicated, and surface features often do not reflect subsurface structures. This is due to the presence of detachments at different levels. In such cases, it is necessary to integrate seismic data with geological information for an accurate delineation of subsurface structures. Eleven seismic profiles were interpreted to understand subsurface structural style. To correlate well data with seismic data, a synthetic seismogram has been generated. Time, velocity and depth contour maps have been prepared. A 3D model for the Chorgali Formation has been prepared which confirms that this is a four-way anticlinal structure bo...
KONGRESY, SYMPOZJA I KONFERENCJE cznymi w Bao Yen nad rzek¹ Chay Ryc. 4. Uczestnicy wycieczki ter... more KONGRESY, SYMPOZJA I KONFERENCJE cznymi w Bao Yen nad rzek¹ Chay Ryc. 4. Uczestnicy wycieczki terenowej na tle mioceñskich piaskowców w kamienio³omie Tri Quan nad rzek¹ Lo. Wszystkie fot. N.Q. Cuong Ryc. 3. A. Wysocka objaoenia struktury sedymentacyjne wystêpuj¹ce w mioceñskich ska³ach nad Rzek¹ Czerwon¹ w Lao Cai
EXAMPLES OF MIOCENE CYCLIC SEDIMENTATION - ROZTOCZE, EASTERN POLAND Summary In the Upper Badenian... more EXAMPLES OF MIOCENE CYCLIC SEDIMENTATION - ROZTOCZE, EASTERN POLAND Summary In the Upper Badenian and (?) Sarmatian biocalcarenites some examples of cyclic sedimentations were recognized. It is expressed by alternations of sequences of quasi massive and thin bedded biocalcarenites. This cyclicity is belived to be due to the periodical change of the hydrodynamic regime caused by wave action and currents. Another sign of cyclicity in studied sections is rhythmica appearance of the detrital quartz in each some biocalcarenite beds. It is caused by the structural reorganization of the Carpathian Foredeep basin.
The unique Middle Miocene reef belt formed within the Paratethyan realm constitutes at present th... more The unique Middle Miocene reef belt formed within the Paratethyan realm constitutes at present the Medobory Hills in western Ukraine and northernmost Moldova. Not only is the size of this structure (almost 300 km long) quite unusual, but also the development of peculiar facies and their spatial distribution. Two distinct reef generations appear in Medobory (Late Badenian and Early Sarmatian), both separated by a sharp erosional boundary. Two Upper Badenian calcareous lithofacies dominate – organodetrital and biohermal (with coralline-algae as main framework builders accompanied by a rich invertebrate assemblage). The Lower Sarmatian strata, although megascopically very similar to Upper Badenian ones, differ drastically when studied closely. The main reef components here are serpulids and microbialites, usually with ubiquitous, but taxonomically highly impoverished fauna. Differences in lithofacies and biotic communities between both reef systems unveil open-marine environment during...
Przedstawiono charakterystykę litologiczną utworów mioceńskich występujących na Roztoczu i terena... more Przedstawiono charakterystykę litologiczną utworów mioceńskich występujących na Roztoczu i terenach sąsiednich (zachodnia Ukraina). Utwory dolnobadeńskie rozpoczynają się transgresywnymi piaskami i piaskowcami kwarcowymi; w wyższej części obocznie przechodzą w margle i wapienie litotamniowe. Powstały w płytkowodnym, wysokoenergetycznym morskim środowisku sedymentacji, o zmieniającym się w czasie chemizmie wód. Środkowobadeński gips pierwotny tworzy szeroką brzeżną platformę siarczanową; w trakcie jego depozycji następowały znaczne wahania składu chemicznego solanek. W płytszych częściach zbiornika na gipsach występują utwory wapienia ratyńskiego, związane genetycznie z transgresją morską. W późnym badenie obszar Roztocza był strefą tranzytową dla materiału bioklastycznego i terygenicznego, w jej obrębie odbywało się przemieszczanie materiału ziarnowego związane z falowaniem i prądami wywołanymi przez falowanie oraz z ruchami masowymi. Węglany dolnosarmackie Roztocza cechują się nietypowym wykształceniem facjalnym oraz ubogim składem taksonomicznym organizmów, wskazującym na anomalne warunki środowiskowe-obniżone zasolenie wody i silne jej przesycenie względem węglanu wapnia.
Sands and calcite cement-bodies (the Baran6w Beds) from Swiniary, eastern margin of the Holy Cros... more Sands and calcite cement-bodies (the Baran6w Beds) from Swiniary, eastern margin of the Holy Cross Mts. The paper presents the results of studies of sands with horizons of sandstones in the fonn of calcite cement-bodies from §winiary near Baran6w Sandomierski. Besides a IIUlCros~opic description numerous laboratory tests such as SEM viewing, X~ray diffraction and trace elements content have been applied in these gediments. Motfology and microtexture of quartz grains enable detennination of differences in the sedimentation environment of each part of the discussed sand deposits: from a marine basin with distinct innuence of a shore :rone, through a gradual change of pbysical-chemical conditions connected with deepening. followed by a decrease of shore zone grain content and increase of chemical features content. Chemical analyses of the cement and character of quartz grain surfaces from the calcite cement-bodies point to a complicated course of diagenetic processes connected with precipitation of calcite and barite and synchronous quartz dissolution and silica dmining. The trace elements content of the cement points to non-marine source of cements. The age of diagenetic processes may be defined as Pliocene till present.
Sedimentological, mineralogical, stable carbon and oxygen isotope determinations and biomarker an... more Sedimentological, mineralogical, stable carbon and oxygen isotope determinations and biomarker analyses were performed on siderite concretions occurring in terrestrial silts to understand their formation and to characterize the sedimentary and diagenetic conditions favouring their growth. High δ13C values (6·4‰ on average) indicate that siderite precipitated in an anoxic environment where bacterial methanogenesis operated. The development of anoxic conditions during shallow burial was induced by a change in sedimentary environment from flood plain to swamp, related to a rise of the ground‐water table. Large amounts of decaying plant debris led to efficient oxygen consumption within the pore‐water in the peat. Oxygen depletion, in combination with a decrease in sedimentation rate, promoted anoxic diagenetic conditions under the swamp and favoured abundant siderite precipitation. This shows how a change in sedimentary conditions can have a profound impact on the early‐diagenetic envir...
Streszczenie angielskie: TThe Polish Carpathian Foredeep Basin (PCFB) is the northern compartment... more Streszczenie angielskie: TThe Polish Carpathian Foredeep Basin (PCFB) is the northern compartment of a foreland basin system that surrounds the Carpathian orogenic belt. The axis of the eastern part of the PCFB plunges gently towards SE, where the Miocene basin-...
Evolution of the Miocene deposits of the C a rp a th ia n Foredeep in the vicinity of Rzeszów (th... more Evolution of the Miocene deposits of the C a rp a th ia n Foredeep in the vicinity of Rzeszów (the Sokołów-Sm olarzyny 3D seismic survey area).
Teaching geology in Poland – an opinion in the discussion. A b s t r a c t. The paper is an opini... more Teaching geology in Poland – an opinion in the discussion. A b s t r a c t. The paper is an opinion in the discussion on the reconversion of uniform 5-year studies in geology. Our teaching experience, coupled with the opinions of our students, indicate that both models of teaching (2-level studies within the Bologna system and uniform 5-year studies) contain elements favouring the development of future graduates. We postulate putting more emphasis on practical courses and individualized teaching methods.
Badane utwory miocenskie, wapienie organodetrytyczne i podrzednie organogeniczne, odslaniające si... more Badane utwory miocenskie, wapienie organodetrytyczne i podrzednie organogeniczne, odslaniające sie w rejonie Szydlowa i Smerdyny tworzą dwa litosomy, o wyraźnym linijnym wydluzeniu. Charakteryzuje je dwudzielnośc budowy; nizszy zespol cechuje sie wielkoskalowym warstwowaniem skośnym a gorny, lezący niezgodnie, to roznego typu wapienie warstwowane skośnie i rynnowo. Potwierdzono związek formowania tych litosomow z synsedymentacyjną tektoniką oraz wskazano na mozliwośc zmian poziomu morza w basenie. REMARKS ON MIOCENE SEDIMENTATION IN THE AREA BETWEEN SZYDŁOW AND SMERDYNA, SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF THE HOLY CROSS MTS (CENTRAL POLAND) Summary Two rock bodies about 30 km long, composed of organodetritic and partly organogenic limestones, occur between Szydlow and Smerdyna in the southeastern margin of the Holy Cross Mts. The giant-scale cross-bedded calcarenites have been recognized in the lower part of this sequence. Its discordantly lying upper part encompass cross- and trough-bedded cal...
The peculiarly shaped ‘ Entobia balls’, from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Medobory Biohermal Com... more The peculiarly shaped ‘ Entobia balls’, from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Medobory Biohermal Complex, western Ukraine, are a maze of moulds of clionid sponge borings belonging to the ichnogenus Entobia Bronn. The ichnospecies recognized ( Entobia geometrica , E. paradoxa , E. cateniformis , E. laquea ) are ascribed to the activity of two extant zoospecies, Cliona vastifica Hancock and C. celata Grant. Their habitat was provided by thick-walled shells of the bivalve Chama gryphoides garmella de Gregorio, the shells of which were drilled through completely. Some small patches of borings are compatible with those of the extant zoospecies Cliona viridis (O.Sschmidt).
Obszar Iranu jest idealnym, naturalnym laboratorium do badania kinematyki i dynamiki oddzia3ywañ ... more Obszar Iranu jest idealnym, naturalnym laboratorium do badania kinematyki i dynamiki oddzia3ywañ p3yt litosferycznych z powodu wielu tektonicznych procesów, które na nim zachodzi3y, jak i aktywnych równie¿ wspó3czeœnie (Vernant i in., 2004), co sk3ania do podejmowania badañ w tym rejonie nie tylko naukowców irañskich, ale równie¿ wielu innych z ca3ego œwiata, z najlepszych oœrodków badawczych. Tektonika kenozoiczna Iranu zosta3a zdominowana przez kolizjê p3yt arabskiej i euroazjatyckiej (np. McKenzie, 1972). W wyniku kolizji tych dwóch kontynentalnych p3yt, rozpoczêtej prawdopodobnie w oligocenie (Yilmaz, 1993), powsta3y dwie g3ówne strefy deformacji (ryc. 1): po3udniowa, obejmuj1ca g3ównie pasmo fa3dowo-nasuniêciowe orogenu Zagros, kontynuuj1ca siê po aktywn1 wspó3czeœnie strefê subdukcji w rejonie Makranu, oraz pó3nocna, do której nale¿1 pasma deformacyjne od Kaukazu przez Talesh i Alborz po Kopet-Dagh, stanowi1ce do dziœ g3ówne obszary akomodacji ruchów zbie¿nych (np. Vernant i i...
We test the hypothesis of a major Paleogene river draining the SE Tibetan Plateau and the central... more We test the hypothesis of a major Paleogene river draining the SE Tibetan Plateau and the central modern Yangtze Basin that then flowed South to the South China Sea. We test this model using 2 U-Pb dated detrital zircon grains preserved in Paleogene sedimentary rocks in northern Vietnam and SW China. We applied a series of statistical tests to compare the U-Pb age spectra of the rocks in order to highlight differences and similarities between them and with potential source bedrocks. Monte Carlo mixing models imply that erosion was dominantly derived from the Indochina and Songpan-Garzê Blocks and to a lesser extent the Yangtze Craton. Some of the zircon populations indicate local erosion and sedimentation, but others show close similarity both within northern Vietnam, as well as more widely in the Eocene Jianchuan, Paleocene-Oligocene Simao and Oligocene-Miocene Yuanjiang basins of China. The presence of younger (<200 Ma) zircons from the Qamdo Block of Tibet are less easily explicable in terms of recycling by erosion of older sedimentary rocks and imply a regional drainage linking SE Tibet and the South China Sea in the Late Eocene-Oligocene. Detrital zircons from offshore in the South China Sea showed initial local erosion, but with a connection to a river stretching to SE Tibet in the Late Oligocene. A change from regional to local sources in the Early Miocene in the Yuanjiang Basin indicates the timing of disruption of the old drainage driven by regional plateau uplift.
Zarys treści: Teren badań znajduje się około 60 km na południowy zachód od Warszawy. Żwirownia w ... more Zarys treści: Teren badań znajduje się około 60 km na południowy zachód od Warszawy. Żwirownia w Paplinie zlokalizowana jest na Wysoczyźnie Rawskiej w strefie wysoczyzny polodowcowej zlodowacenia środkowopolskiego. Badaniom sedymentologicznym poddano osady polodowcowe odsłaniające się wzdłuż południowo-wschodniej ściany wyrobiska. Przeprowadzono analizy: uziarnienia, charakteru obtoczenia i zmatowienia powierzchni ziaren kwarcu frakcji 0,5-1,0 mm według Krumbeina (1941) w modyfikacji Goździka (1980) oraz Mycielskiej-Dowgiałło i Woronko (1998), a także analizę mineralno-petrograficzną frakcji 0,5-1,0 mm według Kenig (1999). Wskaźniki teksturalne, tj.: średnia średnica (M z), wysortowanie (σ 1), skośność (Sk 1) oraz spłaszczenie (K G) obliczono metodą Folka i Warda (1957) z wykorzystaniem programu Gradistat. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na ilościową charakterystykę cech osadu. Zaobserwowano stosunkowo duże zróżnicowanie badanych osadów: od dominujących osadów drobnoziarnistych deponowanych w niskoenergetycznym środowisku, charakteryzujących się warstwowaniami przekątnymi i rynnowymi, do osadów gruboziarnistych deponowanych w środowisku intensywnego przepływu wód z topniejącego lądolodu. Większość osadów była transportowana w zawiesinie. Zaobserwowana została duża jednorodność osadów ze względu na charakter obtoczenia i zmatowienia powierzchni ziaren kwarcu oraz skład mineralno-petrograficzny.
A peculiar coralgal facies is recognized in the Lviv-Ternopil region, Ukraine, from the northern ... more A peculiar coralgal facies is recognized in the Lviv-Ternopil region, Ukraine, from the northern shores of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Fore-Carpathian Basin. Its complex structure is dominated by algal buildups composed of interfingering red-algal (lithothamnian) colonies and blue-green-algal crusts, associated locally with numerous hermatypic corals (Tarbellastraea reussiana, Porites vindobonarum prima), either isolated, or overlapping each other. The holes amidst, and the crevices in, the buildups are filled with coarse bioclastic sediment (shell-grit), burrowed commonly by crustacean decapods (alpheid shrimps). The alpheid burrows, filled with coarser or finer shell-grit, served frequently as taphonomic traps for crustacean decapods (squat lobsters and crabs) and echinoids. Special attention is paid to the activity of rock-boring bivalves (Jouannetia semicaudata, Lithophaga lithophaga) in coralgal buildups and/or in particular coral colonies, some of which are redeposited, and riddled densely by bivalve borings. Emphasis is given to the environmental significance of alpheid shrimps, the tiered burrows of which are recorded in the Fore-Carpathian Basin for the first time. Crustacean decapods and echinoids are systematically studied. A comparison of the studied coralgal facies with others of the Lviv-Ternopil region, and those from the territory of Poland, indicates their faunistic and biogeographic identity.
Ewa SZARAWARSKA1, Mads HUUSE1, Andrew HURST1, Wytze de BOER2 and Peter RAWLINSON2 1 University of... more Ewa SZARAWARSKA1, Mads HUUSE1, Andrew HURST1, Wytze de BOER2 and Peter RAWLINSON2 1 University of Aberdeen, Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, King’s College, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK 2 Marathon Oil, Marathon House, Rubislaw Hill, Anderson Drive, Aberdeen eas characterized by E-W to WNW-ESE structural trends show declinations rotated clockwise. Declinations show a correlation with the structural trend for both HT and LT components, but in the case of the LT component the magnitude of the declinations deviation is smaller. Results from the sandstones confirm the presented outcomes and additionally prove the heterochronic age of the deformations that differ between the marginal and the internal zone of the fold–and–thrust belt. The presented declination data support only local oroclinal bending which give rise to the strike deviations in the thrustbelt. In the Ardennes clockwise rotations of the thrust occurred only within narrow transpressive zones, active during th...
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