Papers by Abdolkarim afroozeh
A Review of Developed Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-Based Sensors for the Detection of Common Hazardous Substances in the Agricultural Industry
Plasmonics, Mar 11, 2024
Investigating the Optical Properties of Graphene in a Grating Structure as an Optical Absorber and Optimized the Dimensions of a Single-Layer Graphene
Plasmonics, Dec 20, 2023

A system for continuous variable quantum key distribution via a wavelength router is proposed. Th... more A system for continuous variable quantum key distribution via a wavelength router is proposed. The Kerr type of light in the nonlinear microring resonator (NMRR) induces the chaotic behavior. In this proposed system chaotic signals are generated by an optical soliton or Gaussian pulse within a NMRR system. The parameters, such as input power, MRRs radii and coupling coefficients can change and plays important role in determining the results in which the continuous signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Large bandwidth signals of optical soliton are generated by the input pulse propagating within the MRRs, which is allowed to form the continuous wavelength or frequency with large tunable channel capacity. The continuous variable QKD is formed by using the localized spatial soliton pulses via a quantum router and networks. The selected optical spatial pulse can be used to perform the secure communication network. Here the entangled photon generated by chaotic signals has been analyzed. The continuous entangled photon is generated by using the polarization control unit incorporating into the MRRs, required to provide the continuous variable QKD. Results obtained have shown that the application of such a system for the simultaneous continuous variable quantum cryptography can be used in the mobile telephone hand set and networks. In this study frequency band of 500 MHz and 2.0 GHz and wavelengths of 775 nm, 2,325 nm and 1.55 µm can be obtained for QKD use with input optical soliton and Gaussian beam respectively.

We propose two designed systems consist of series of micro ring resonator (MRR) and an add/drop f... more We propose two designed systems consist of series of micro ring resonator (MRR) and an add/drop filter in which the optical dark and bright soliton pulse propagating within the nonlinear waveguides can be amplified which can be used in long communication system. The dark or bright soliton is input into designed systems and travels within the waveguide. A continuous soliton pulse is sliced into smaller pulses by the nonlinear effect which is known as chaos. The power amplification occurs when the soliton propagates along the MRRs or add/drop filter systems. The add/drop filter system can itself be used to amplify the optical soliton when the bright soliton is input at the drop part of the system. It this work we have studied the generation of amplified pulse of optical dark and bright soliton when they propagating inside single systems or when they interact and collide during propagation inside an add/drop filter system. It means that amplified soliton pulse also can be obtained when two types of soliton i.e., dark and bright soliton collide with each other in a same system. In such a way the amplified dark soliton or bright soliton can be used to perform the long distance link.

Parser combinators are a popular approach to parsing where contextfree grammars are represented a... more Parser combinators are a popular approach to parsing where contextfree grammars are represented as executable code. However, conventional parser combinators do not support left recursion, and can have worst-case exponential runtime. These limitations hinder the expressivity and performance predictability of parser combinators when constructing parsers for programming languages. In this paper we present general parser combinators that support all context-free grammars and construct a parse forest in cubic time and space in the worst case, while behaving nearly linearly on grammars of real programming languages. Our general parser combinators are based on earlier work on memoized Continuation-Passing Style (CPS) recognizers. First, we extend this work to achieve recognition in cubic time. Second, we extend the resulting cubic CPS recognizers to parsers that construct a binarized Shared Packed Parse Forest (SPPF). Our general parser combinators bring the best of both worlds: the flexibility and extensibility of conventional parser combinators and the expressivity and performance guarantees of general parsing algorithms. We used the approach presented in this paper as the basis for Meerkat, a general parser combinator library for Scala.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013
Extending a language by embedding within it another language presents significant parsing challen... more Extending a language by embedding within it another language presents significant parsing challenges, especially if the embedding is recursive. The composite grammar is likely to be nondeterministic as a result of tokens that are valid in both the host and the embedded language. In this paper we examine the challenges of embedding the Tom language into a variety of general-purpose high level languages. Tom provides syntax and semantics for advanced pattern matching and tree rewriting facilities. Embedded Tom constructs are translated into the host language by a preprocessor, the output of which is a composite program written purely in the host language. Tom implementations exist for Java, C, C#, Python and Caml. The current parser is complex and difficult to maintain. In this paper, we describe how Tom can be parsed using island grammars implemented with the Generalised LL (GLL) parsing algorithm. The grammar is, as might be expected, ambiguous. Extracting the correct derivation relies on our disambiguation strategy which is based on pattern matching within the parse forest. We describe different classes of ambiguity and propose patterns for resolving them.

OAJRC Material Science
We present the effect of the center wavelength on micro ring resonator performance via promising ... more We present the effect of the center wavelength on micro ring resonator performance via promising systems that can be used to solve many problems in communication systems. The results show that the free spectrum range (FSR) improves by increasing the center wavelengths of the soliton bands. The technological necessity of a large FSR can therefore be combined with small FWHM device requirements. The results show that a higher value of center wavelength can be used to enhance the FSR. This is obtained via the add/drop filter, which can be used to increase the channel capacity in the communication network. In this paper the best FSR and spectral width obtained are 0.598 nm and 0.03 nm, respectively. This result allows the channel capacity expanding due to the plentiful propagation spacing from the soliton collision. Thus the utilization of micro ring resonators system is possible for the expansion of the free spectrum range of light pulses.

The important of sustainable energy supply in today’s world has led to widely efforts by research... more The important of sustainable energy supply in today’s world has led to widely efforts by researchers to find an alternative source. In this paper we present a renewable resource called solar cell. Also, traditional solar cells is analysed which help us design new devices with high conversion energy. In other world to solve the problem and limitations of old solar cells devices like low efficiency, expensive operating process and not economically to use in large scale, perovskite solar cells (PVCs) proposed. Perovskite solar cells have the highest capability compared to other solar cells like Si-based photovoltaic solar cells and CFTs solar cells, with high efficiency and cost effectiveness. It is noteworthy that the discovery of new materials with unique properties such as graphene help researchers to improve solar cells efficiency. Beside this graphene-based perovskite devices are enabled rapid progress with high efficiency. To note developed solar cells technology pave the way for...
Software and Platforms - Rascal

Optik, 2021
In this work, a single-layer of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (r-GO), and graphene ... more In this work, a single-layer of graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (r-GO), and graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanosheets were synthesized using a modified Hummers' method. AFM and FTIR spectroscopies were used to confirm single-layer graphene synthesis and proper reduction process. Photoluminescence (PL) and Z-scan characterizations showed a high existence of linear and non-linear optical properties in these nanomaterials. PL spectra of r-GO showed a peak at 665 nm, but an appeared blueshift in the PL spectrum of GO (600 nm) and GQD (500 nm) nanosheets indicate a bandgap opening in their band structures. According to Raman results, the I (D)/I(G) intensity ratio of GO is bigger than r-GO, which can be assigned to higher linear optical properties of GO than r-GO and higher non-linear optical properties of r-GO than GO. Finally, our results demonstrated that edges length and functional groups on the edges define the appearance of linear and non-linear optical properties in graphene-based nanomaterials, and these properties can be manipulatable in terms of oxidation/reduction level, surface area size and edge length.

Characteristics of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect Transistors in NH3 Gas
Sensor Letters, 2019
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, has currently prolonged the short listing on existing atomi... more Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, has currently prolonged the short listing on existing atomic crystals. There are much inconceivable electrified residences as well namely special thermal conductivities. Graphene has shown its potentiality in accordance with stay an essential piece about dense after digital circuits or gadgets utilized within high frequency. Graphene then longevity CNTs continue to write activity of rising applied sciences because on the happiness of their integration of Nano electro mechanical systems (NEMS). Although graphene and CNTs show exclusive electrified conductivity behavior, theirs service attention has comparable behavior. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been demonstrated in accordance with showing great conductance modifications within response in conformity with exposure to different gases. The study is aimed at proposing a Field effect transistor (FET) based structure model to be used as a gas detection sensor platform s...
Microsystem Technologies, 2018
In this study, MoS 2 gas sensor based on field effect transistor has been proposed and the adsorp... more In this study, MoS 2 gas sensor based on field effect transistor has been proposed and the adsorption of NO 2 molecules on the channel surface can lead to significant changes on its electronic and transport properties. The analytical models have been developed for the NO 2 gas sensors by making an initial assumption that the gate voltage is directly proportional to the gas concentration. The performance of this sensor, is predicted and investigated by support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. The MoS 2 gas sensor displays current changes upon exposure to very low concentrations of NO 2 . The comparison between analytical model, ANN and SVR with the empirical data shows the successful model construction. However, ANN outperforms the SVR approach and gives more accurate results.
Soliton signals propagating in fiber waveguides and slow light generation
Integrated Micro-Ring Photonics, 2016
Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2018
With the continuous increase in technological applications, the progress of new semiconductor mat... more With the continuous increase in technological applications, the progress of new semiconductor materials continues to be a significant research field. In recent years, new materials such as molybdenum disulfide, has been researched as a substitute for graphene and silicon. The monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), one of the promising 2D materials with a direct bandgap has high potential for applications in nano electronic devices, energy storage, photocatalysts, and chemical sensors. As such, this paper examines the present gas-sensing applications of MoS 2 and have been compared it with other nanomaterials.
Analytical Investigation for MoS2 Field Effect Transistor-Based Gas Sensor
Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics, 2018
Integrated Micro-Ring Photonics

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 17, 2023
The important of sustainable energy supply in today's world has led to widely efforts by research... more The important of sustainable energy supply in today's world has led to widely efforts by researchers to nd an alternative source. In this paper we present a renewable resource called solar cell. Also, traditional solar cells is analysed which help us design new devices with high conversion energy. In other world to solve the problem and limitations of old solar cells devices like low e ciency, expensive operating process and not economically to use in large scale, perovskite solar cells (PVCs) proposed. Perovskite solar cells have the highest capability compared to other solar cells like Si-based photovoltaic solar cells and CFTs solar cells, with high e ciency and cost effectiveness. It is noteworthy that the discovery of new materials with unique properties such as graphene help researchers to improve solar cells e ciency. Beside this graphene-based perovskite devices are enabled rapid progress with high e ciency. To note developed solar cells technology pave the way for easy processing, mass production and commercialization.

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015
This experimental study attempts to design and develop a novel carbon-based material fabrication ... more This experimental study attempts to design and develop a novel carbon-based material fabrication method that implements high voltage AC arc discharge. The carbon-based material is to be used in an electric circuit to build up a gas sensing mechanism. After applying a high AC voltage to the graphite electrodes employed in the experiment, an arc ignites between the electrodes as the gas between them is iodized. In the carbon decomposition process, the arc is employed and results in the fabricated carbon strands. Thereafter, carbon monoxide (CO 2) in the atmospheric pressure is passed over the electrodes in the Pyrex glass tube chamber where the carbon strand fabrication process takes place. An increment appears in the measured current voltage (I-V) between the two sides of the carbon strand as the carrier concentration of CO 2 gas is increased from 200 to 800 ppm. Support vector regression (SVR) algorithm was used for data processing with statistical analysis for errors and quality control.
Perfect quantum state transfer on generalized honeycomb nanotori
Optical and Quantum Electronics
Design and Computational Analysis of Optical Fiber Sensor for Refractive Index Monitoring Using FDTD Method
Plasmonics
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Papers by Abdolkarim afroozeh