Papers by Fakrulradzi Idris
This paper presents the performance evaluation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in Multi-ho... more This paper presents the performance evaluation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in Multi-hop Wireless Network (MWN) developed using Multi-radio Access Relay (MAR). The MWN is deployed using 3 MARs in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia campus. The performance of VoIP are investigated using Real Time Protocol (RTP) and Compress Real Time Protocol (CRTP) header techniques. RTP and CRTP are used to transport voice packets using G711.1, G723.1 and G729.2 codec. The performance of VoIP is analyzed based on three important elements which are delay, jitter and packet loss.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Future wireless networks are expected to provide ubiquitous connectivity to a wide range of devic... more Future wireless networks are expected to provide ubiquitous connectivity to a wide range of devices with varying traffic patterns, wherever and whenever it is required. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are also considered a potential technique for accommodating massive connections and providing seamless coverage. They can be used as flying base stations (BSs) to take advantage of line-of-sight (LoS) connections and effectively support wireless communication coverage and throughput for 5G and beyond. However, the use of highly mobile and energy-constrained UAVs for wireless communications brings plenty of new challenges. 5G wireless networks require non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to be able to meet heterogeneous requirements for low latency, high dependability, massive connection, better fairness, and high throughput. This paper presents an overview of NOMA-based UAV enabled communications by introducing the background of UAV communication and NOMA schemes. Power allocation sch...
Jurnal Kejuruteraan
A wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a spatially dispersed network of sensors that monitor a... more A wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a spatially dispersed network of sensors that monitor and collect environmental data and forward the collected data to the central station. WSN has been widely used in daily life and industrial applications, ranging from surveillance, military, healthcare, habitat monitoring, and agriculture application. However, WSN that uses radiofrequency (RF) communication may suffer from noise and interference caused by two or more radios that uses the same frequency. Data collision is also expected within the wireless network especially when numerous sensor nodes are transmitting their data to the base station (BS) through a shared medium. Hence, this research contributes in mitigating the RF interference and data collision in the network to increase the network’s data reliability by using the concept of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol where each sensor node will be transmitting their data at a different time to avoid collision and interf...
2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2012
This paper presents the performance evaluation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in Multi-ho... more This paper presents the performance evaluation of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in Multi-hop Wireless Network (MWN) developed using Multi-radio Access Relay (MAR). The MWN is deployed using 3 MARs in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia campus. The performance of VoIP are investigated using Real Time Protocol (RTP) and Compress Real Time Protocol (CRTP) header techniques. RTP and CRTP are used to transport voice packets using G711.1, G723.1 and G729.2 codec. The performance of VoIP is analyzed based on three important elements which are delay, jitter and packet loss.
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Apr 1, 2023
The four main causes of crane accidents are overturned, falls, mechanical failure, and contact wi... more The four main causes of crane accidents are overturned, falls, mechanical failure, and contact with power lines. It is important to keep track of the crane's health and condition as it is always too late when a failure of the crane was found. Any abrupt accidents will interrupt or delay the work progress and cause the operational costs to increase. Crane monitoring system is developed using long range (LoRa) technology due to its long range of detections making it suitable for monitoring machines that require large space including the dock area. It also consumes low power and is suitable for battery-operated systems. This paper discusses the design and development crane monitoring system using Arduino Uno together with NodeMCU ESP8266 as the hardware for this project. Temperature, power consumption, lifting activities, and total operating hours will be measured using appropriate sensors. The data will then be sent to the database where users can monitor each crane from a developed Android application using a mobile phone. This project allows users to view, monitor, and analyze real-time or past data in a graph or table view. Experimental results prove the proposed system is applicable and effective.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
The number of patients in hospital keep increasing every year and, some patients’s blood pressure... more The number of patients in hospital keep increasing every year and, some patients’s blood pressure must be measured by medical staff regularly. This means that the medical staff need to attend to the patient routinely and several readings are required in each session to make sure the results are accurate. Therefore, there is a need to simplify the monitoring process inside hospital in Malaysia. In this work, IoT Blood Pressure Monitoring System (IBPMS) is designed to monitor patient’s blood pressure remotely. This project use Raspberry Pi as a gateway to view the value of blood pressure online. Result showed that the design is capable to transfer data from blood pressure detector through the network using USB TTL serial cable which is directly attached to the Raspberry Pi. User can also view the blood pressure reading continuously from Telegram application and email service. Furthermore, the system can measure the value of blood pressure accurately when user is in sitting position.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021
Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The bigge... more Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The biggest problem with many LAN is the battery consumption and short ranges link budgets. LoRa is a new, private, unlicensed and spread spectrum modulation technique which allows sending low rates at extremely long ranges with minimal power consumption. More importantly, there is no access fee associated with this type of wireless technology. The main idea behind this work is to conduct performance and capability analysis of a currently available LoRa transceiver. We develop a location monitoring system using LoRa and global positioning system (GPS) module and we analyze the detectable range of its data, its battery consumption as well as received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our deployment experiment demonstrates that the system is able to detect the transmitted data within 290 meters of distances. Using 6 volts of battery AA, the transmission of data still occurred after 24 hours. This p...
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2019
Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road.... more Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Resu...
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol that is proposed for the future of the mobile Internet access. ... more Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol that is proposed for the future of the mobile Internet access. The aim of MIPv6 is to provide seamless communication services to mobile nodes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of real time applications: voice and video transmission on MIPv6 network. In this paper the implementation of MIPv6 and fast handover MIPv6 (FMIPv6) is modeled and simulated using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) software. The performance is analyzed for three different voice coding schemes and video based on H.263 format for both MIPv6 and FMIPv6.
Deployment and Evaluation of a Multi-Hop Wireless Network
Multi-hop wireless network uses two or more wireless hops to send information from source to dest... more Multi-hop wireless network uses two or more wireless hops to send information from source to destination. This paper presents the design and deployment of multi-hop wireless network testbed in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). While using the testbed to provide additional WiFi coverage around the cafeteria area in UTeM Industrial Campus, real-time measurements of various key parameters are carried out. This paper also provides some technical details of the testbed implementation as well as performance evaluation of network coverage, signal strength and connectivity. Performance of network throughput and effect of difference channel allocations are also presented.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2019
Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants ... more Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants as well as protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. This paper describes the design and development of a fire detection and alert system. Temperature and flame sensors are used to indicate the occurrence of fire. This work consists of two parts, which are transmitter and receiver, both using ZigBee wireless technology. Arduino Uno is used as the microcontroller at the transmitter part to control the sensor nodes and give alert when over temperature and flame are detected. At the transmitter, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted by an XBee module operated as router node. At the receiver side, an XBee coordinator module which is attached to a computer using USB to serial communication captured the data for further processing. In addition, an interactive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed. LabVIEW software is used to design the GUI whi...
A Study Of Technology Acceptance Model (Tam) Towards Continuous Professional Development (Cpd)
The purpose of this project was to determine the technology acceptance using Technology Acceptanc... more The purpose of this project was to determine the technology acceptance using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) towards Continuous Professional Development (CPD) system among University A academic staffs. The dependency of System Usage of CPD system as the dependent variable was cross check with four independent variables namely, Perceived Usefullness, Perceived Ease of Use, Management Support, and System Quality. A total Of fifty five correspondents replied the questionnaires and the data obtained were analyzed using Statistical package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 13. A conclusion was drawn that Perceived Usefullness, Perceived Ease of Use, and System Quality have positive relationships with System Usage of CPD while management support has negative relationships with CPD.
Design and Performance Analysis of IoT Based Sensor System Using LoRa
The fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) can be characterized by extensive use of Internet of Th... more The fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) can be characterized by extensive use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Conventional sensor systems rely heavily on existing wireless technology such as ZigBee, Bluetooth and WiFi. However, these technologies have some limitations which include higher power consumption and lower coverage. LoRa can improve these limitations by enhancing the coverage area while using much lower power consumption. This paper describes the design of a sensor system which combines both IoT and LoRa technologies. The system consists of a LoRa sensor node and a gateway node. Arduino Uno, LoRa module and temperature sensor are used to design the sensor node. The real-time value of the temperature will be forwarded to the gateway node which consists a Raspberry Pi and another LoRa module. The performances of the system are evaluated both in line of sight and non-line of sight conditions. Specifically, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and signal to ...
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has stringent delay requirement. The quality of VoIP does not... more Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has stringent delay requirement. The quality of VoIP does not yet match the quality of a circuit-switched telephone network due to several challenges such as available bandwidth, delay or network latency, packet loss, jitter, echo, security and reliability. International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T) recommends a certain maximum delay which tolerable to the user of VoIP service. To improve the performance of VoIP during handoff, handoff latency must be kept as low as possible. There are numerous method proposed to improve the performance of real time application such as VoIP during handoff. One of the methods is Mobile IP, which provides mobility management in the network layer of TCP/IP protocol. In this thesis, the operations and handoff procedure for standard Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) are studied in detail. Fast Handovers for MIPv6 (FMIPv6) which was introduced as an extension of MIPv6 is used to improve the ...
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021
Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The bigge... more Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The biggest problem with many LAN is the battery consumption and short ranges link budgets. LoRa is a new, private, unlicensed and spread spectrum modulation technique which allows sending low rates at extremely long ranges with minimal power consumption. More importantly, there is no access fee associated with this type of wireless technology. The main idea behind this work is to conduct performance and capability analysis of a currently available LoRa transceiver. We develop a location monitoring system using LoRa and global positioning system (GPS) module and we analyze the detectable range of its data, its battery consumption as well as received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our deployment experiment demonstrates that the system is able to detect the transmitted data within 290 meters of distances. Using 6 volts of battery AA, the transmission of data still occurred after 24 hours. This p...
2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Apr 1, 2018
In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency (EE) optimization for a downlink orthogonal f... more In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency (EE) optimization for a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system with overlaying Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. Joint EE optimization is highly complex while a two-stage solution will utilize most of the bandwidth for cellular users and not providing sufficient bandwidth for D2D users. Using resource efficiency (RE) optimization approach that balances the bandwidth usage and EE, we propose a two-stage solution that optimizes RE for base station (BS) and EE for D2D pairs. To achieve higher EE, D2D communications operate in non-orthogonal mode, where each resource block (RB) not being assigned to the cellular users are reused by multiple D2D pairs. By exploiting a range of optimization tools including fractional programming, Dinkelbach approach, Lagrange dual decomposition, difference of convex functions, and concave-convex procedure, the original non-convex problem is transformed and we present an iterative two-stage RE-EE solution. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed resource allocation scheme provides comparable EE performance to a two-stage EE-EE solution with significant gain on EE for D2D users, and achieves much higher EE compared to a sum rate maximization scheme.
Home Security System Using Zigbee
Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
Deployment of Optimized Algorithm for MPEG-4 Data Over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2014
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol that is proposed for the future of the mobile Internet access. ... more Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol that is proposed for the future of the mobile Internet access. The aim of MIPv6 is provide uninterrupted connection while being mobile. VoIP has stringent delay requirement and to improve the performance of VoIP, handoff latency must be keep as low as possible. In this paper the implementation of Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) is modeled and simulated using NS2. The performance is analyzed for typical PCM G.711 voice coding scheme for both MIPv6 and FMIPv6.
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Papers by Fakrulradzi Idris