Jose Moya

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Faculty Member

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Phone: +34 607082892
Address: ETSI Telecomunicacion. Avenida Complutense 30. Madrid 28040. Spain

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Papers by Jose Moya

Toward Ultra-Low-Power Remote Health Monitoring: An Optimal and Adaptive Compressed Sensing Framework for Activity Recognition

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2019

Activity recognition, as an important component of behavioral monitoring and intervention, has at... more Activity recognition, as an important component of behavioral monitoring and intervention, has attracted enormous attention, especially in Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and Remote Health Monitoring (RHM) paradigms. While recently resource constrained wearable devices have been gaining popularity, their battery life is limited and constrained by the frequent wireless transmission of data to more computationally powerful back-ends. This paper proposes an ultra-low power activity recognition system using a novel adaptive compressed sensing technique that aims to minimize transmission costs. Coarse-grained on-body sensor localization and unsupervised clustering modules are devised to autonomously reconfigure the compressed sensing module for further power saving. We perform a thorough heuristic optimization using Grammatical Evolution (GE) to ensure minimal computation overhead of the proposed methodology. Our evaluation on a real-world dataset and a low power wearable sensing node demonstrates that our approach can reduce the energy consumption of the wireless data transmission up to 81.2% and 61.5%, with up to 60.6% and 35.0% overall power savings in comparison with baseline and a naive state-of-the-art approaches, respectively. These solutions lead to an average activity recognition accuracy of 89.0%-only 4.8% less than the baseline accuracy-while having a negligible energy overhead of on-node computation.

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System Simulation Platform for the Design of the SORU Reconfigurable Coprocessor

This paper presents the system-level simulation platform we have implemented to design and evalua... more This paper presents the system-level simulation platform we have implemented to design and evaluate the SORU reconfigurable vector coprocessor, aimed at enhancing the security of embedded systems. The simulator interfaces a low-level virtual machine (LLVM) with a SystemC TLM 2.0 model of the rest of the system, and a low-level SystemC model of the coprocessor. The results show that we can simulate more than 80K coprocessor operations per second, with decent power estimation, that allows to perform simulated power analysis attacks. The resulting simulation platform is also flexible enough to allow very fast and easy changes to any part of the system. I. INTRODUCTION The combination of a simple processor with a reconfig-urable unit that can enhance performance with low cost is a common topic in literature. We can find several solutions that propose systems based on this pattern (Chimaera [1], Nano [2], PipeRench [3]). This kind of systems include the interaction of three main blocks: ...

Thermal-Aware Optimization of Heterogeneous Systems

Student Motivation: Taking marks Out of the Mix

Comparative study of meta-heuristic 3D floorplanning algorithms

Neurocomputing, 2015

ABSTRACT Constant necessity of improving performance has brought the invention of 3D chips. The i... more ABSTRACT Constant necessity of improving performance has brought the invention of 3D chips. The improvement is achieved due to the reduction of wire length, which results in decreased interconnection delay. However, 3D stacks have less heat dissipation due to the inner layers, which leads to increased temperature and the appearance of hot spots. This problem can be mitigated through appropriate floorplanning. For this reason, in this work we present and compare five different solutions for floorplanning of 3D chips. Each solution uses a different representation, and all are based on meta-heuristic algorithms, namely three of them are based on simulated annealing, while two other are based on evolutionary algorithms. The results show great capability of all the solutions in optimizing temperature and wire length, as they all exhibit significant improvements comparing to the benchmark floorplans.

A taxonomy of trust and reputation system attacks

Proc. of the 11th IEEE Int. Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom-2012 - 11th IEEE Int. Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications, IUCC-2012, 2012

ABSTRACT Trust and reputation have been suggested as an effective security mechanism for open and... more ABSTRACT Trust and reputation have been suggested as an effective security mechanism for open and distributed environments. However, even though there exists a high number of identified attacks against Trust and Reputation Systems (TRS), a generic security framework to identify all of them in a holistic way has not yet been proposed. This work presents a TRS attack taxonomy based on an TRS architectural model and a set of well-known security topics. Based on this taxonomy, two main deficiencies of the state-of-the-art in TRS security literature are detected: the existence of TRS attacks that have received few attention from the TRS community despite its importance, and potential threats that have not been previously identified. Finally, a real-life TRS scenario is analyzed as a proof-of-concept of the proposed taxonomy.

[2010] Avoiding Side-Channel Attacks in Embedded Systems with Non-deterministic Branches

2010 International Workshop on Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High Performance, 2010

ABSTRACT In this paper, we suggest handling security in embedded systems by introducing a small a... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we suggest handling security in embedded systems by introducing a small architectural change. We propose the use of a non-deterministic branch instruction to generate non-determinism in the execution of encryption algorithms. Non-determinism makes side-channel attacks much more difficult. The experimental results show at least three orders of magnitude improvement in resistance to statistical side-channel attacks for a custom AES implementation, while enhancing its performance at the same time.Compared with previous countermeasures, this architectural-level hiding countermeasure is trivial to integrate in current embedded processor designs, offers similar resistance to side-channel attacks, while maintaining similar power consumption to the unprotected processor.

Energy-Aware Policies in Ubiquitous Computing Facilities

Cloud Computing with e-Science Applications, 2015

A Hardware-Software Operating System: Using Heterogeneous Resources through Common Abstractions

Current embedded systems are made of multiple heterogeneous devices interconnected. These devices... more Current embedded systems are made of multiple heterogeneous devices interconnected. These devices present a great variation of functionality, performance, and interfaces. Therefore, it is difficult to build applications for these platforms. In this paper we present the notion of hardware-software operating systems to increase the abstraction level and to introduce componentbased methodologies into hardware-software codesign. We make special emphasis on the use of simple, homogeneous interfaces to hide the inherent complexity of current designs. We show, with a detailed example, that the use of a hardwaresoftware operating system does not imply a significant overhead.

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Proactive and reactive thermal aware optimization techniques to minimize the environmental impact of data centers

Design Automation Conference, Dec 8, 2015

And if I ever lose my eyes, if my colors all run dry. Yes if I ever lose my eyes. Oh if... I won'... more And if I ever lose my eyes, if my colors all run dry. Yes if I ever lose my eyes. Oh if... I won't have to cry no more."-Cat Stevens, Moonshadow Antes de empezar diré que mi sra. madre, cuando le dije "ya he acabado de escribir la tesis! sólo me queda redactar los agradecimientos", me dio un breve pero importante consejo: "Hija, pues simplemente escribe: muchas gracias a todos. Ya verás como así acabas pronto y además quedas bien con todos". Pese a que razón no le faltaba, digo yo que después de estos años de venturas y desventuras, algo más tendré que decir (ni que sea por deferencia a los que no entienden el inglés y aún y así se mirarán con cariño e interés el tomo). Así que allá vamos! En primer lugar, quiero dar las gracias a mis tutores de tesis: a José Manuel Moya, porque cuando todavía no existía esta línea de investigación en el grupo, su visión nos permitió llegar donde estamos ahora. Por su pragmatismo, optimismo y paciencia, que nos han ayudado a superar los momentos complicados. A José Luis Ayala, porque es un gran investigador y una mejor persona. Es para mí una referencia y un gran ejemplo a seguir, tanto en lo personal como en lo profesional. Y en definitiva a ambos por hacer posible este trabajo. I'd like also to thank Prof. Ayse Coskun, for her kind advice and guidance during both my stays at her research group in Boston University. Also to Ata Turk, for his help and support (now every time I go to Barcelona I also say hello from you). Thanks also to all the students of the PeacLab group. My stay at Boston wouldn't have been the same without you, folks! (if a new and better live awaits once you're a Ph.D., I'll let you know). A todos los Green (y a los que lleva un Green en su interior :)), por haber comprendido mi necesidad de practicar la green-dieta y aún y así seguirme queriendo tal y como soy (espero!). Porque losúltimos años no han sido fáciles pero, gracias a vosotros, han sido fantásticos. Y por supuesto por todos los cafés juntos... y por los que nos quedan por delante! (sobre todo ahora que la máquina de café nos cae cerquita, cerquita...). A toda la gente de ArTECS, compañeros y profesores de la UCM, que me han acogido como una más de su grupo, ayudándome desde el principio, y que me han enseñado lo que es un grupo de investigación. A los compañeros y profesores del LSI y del DIE, y en particular a los ex-miembros del B105, con quienes compartí mis primeros proyectos de desarrollo y mis primeras publicaciones. Last but not least, a mi família, tanto la de Barcelona, como la de Talavera! En especial a mis padres, por el apoyo incondicional en absolutamente todo (incluso cuando me voy a lugares donde sólo se llega en avión). A mi padre, porque su tesón es un ejemplo de que las cosas que merecen la pena en esta vida se consiguen con esfuerzo. Ambos sois y seréis siempre un ejemplo para mí. A Félix, por estar siempre a mi lado, incluso cuando me da por irme de paseo por el mundo y estamos lejos. Por tu apoyo. Porque todo es mejor cuando estás tú y porque contigo soy mejor persona. A la Rosa Mari, que ens ensenya dia rere dia que passi el passi mai hem de deixar de somriure. A todos aquellos que habéis estado a mi lado y me habéis apoyado durante estos años. Y a los que me habéis hecho más fuerte. Muchas gracias a todos.

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Edge federation simulator for data stream analytics

The technological revolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming our society by regis... more The technological revolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming our society by registering and analyzing users and infrastructures' behavior in order to develop new services for improving life quality and resource management. IoT-based applications demand a vast amount of both localized and location-based information services. For these scenarios, current cloud-based services appear to be inefficient in terms of latency, throughput and power consumption. Edge computing proposes new infrastructures for effective real-time decision making. These facilities should be able to process a vast amount of data from multiple geographically distributed sources. To that end, new urban edge data centers are to be deployed, bringing computing resources closer to data sources while reducing both core network congestion and overall energy demand. This paper presents an Edge Federation simulator for data stream analytics in a 5G scenario that provides the necessary resource manageme...

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Guided Spatial Transformers for Facial Expression Recognition

Applied Sciences, 2021

Spatial Transformer Networks are considered a powerful algorithm to learn the main areas of an im... more Spatial Transformer Networks are considered a powerful algorithm to learn the main areas of an image, but still, they could be more efficient by receiving images with embedded expert knowledge. This paper aims to improve the performance of conventional Spatial Transformers when applied to Facial Expression Recognition. Based on the Spatial Transformers’ capacity of spatial manipulation within networks, we propose different extensions to these models where effective attentional regions are captured employing facial landmarks or facial visual saliency maps. This specific attentional information is then hardcoded to guide the Spatial Transformers to learn the spatial transformations that best fit the proposed regions for better recognition results. For this study, we use two datasets: AffectNet and FER-2013. For AffectNet, we achieve a 0.35% point absolute improvement relative to the traditional Spatial Transformer, whereas for FER-2013, our solution gets an increase of 1.49% when mode...

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Cache Misses and the Recovery of the Full AES 256 Key

In recent years, CPU caches have revealed themselves as one of the most powerful sources of infor... more In recent years, CPU caches have revealed themselves as one of the most powerful sources of information leakage. This information leakage affects any implementation whose memory accesses, to data or instructions, depend on sensitive information such as private keys. In most cases, side-channel cache attacks do not require any specific permission and just need access to a shared cache. This fact, combined with the spread of cloud computing, where the infrastructure is shared between different customers, have made these attacks quite popular. In this paper, we present a novel approach to exploit the information obtained from the CPU cache. First, we introduce a non-access attack that provides a 97\% reduction in the number of encryptions required to obtain a 128-bit AES key. Next, this attack is adapted and extended in what we call the encryption-by-decryption cache attack or EBD, to obtain a 256-bit AES key. When EBD is applied to AES-256, we are able to obtain the 256 bits of the ke...

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DVFS-Aware Consolidation for Energy-Efficient Clouds

2015 International Conference on Parallel Architecture and Compilation (PACT), 2015

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Leakage-Aware Cooling Management for Improving Server Energy Efficiency

IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2015

The computational and cooling power demands of enterprise servers are increasing at an unsustaina... more The computational and cooling power demands of enterprise servers are increasing at an unsustainable rate. Understanding the relationship between computational power, temperature, leakage, and cooling power is crucial to enable energy-efficient operation at the server and data center levels. This paper develops empirical models to estimate the contributions of static and dynamic power consumption in enterprise servers for a wide range of workloads, and analyzes the interactions between temperature, leakage, and cooling power for various workload allocation policies. We propose a cooling management policy that minimizes the server energy consumption by setting the optimum fan speed during runtime. Our experimental results on a presently shipping enterprise server demonstrate that including leakage awareness in workload and cooling management provides additional energy savings without any impact on performance.

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Leakage and Temperature Aware Server Control for Improving Energy Efficiency in Data Centers

Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2013, 2013

Reducing the energy consumption for computation and cooling in servers is a major challenge consi... more Reducing the energy consumption for computation and cooling in servers is a major challenge considering the data center energy costs today. To ensure energy-efficient operation of servers in data centers, the relationship among computational power, temperature, leakage, and cooling power needs to be analyzed. By means of an innovative setup that enables monitoring and controlling the computing and cooling power consumption separately on a commercial enterprise server, this paper studies temperature-leakage-energy tradeoffs, obtaining an empirical model for the leakage component. Using this model, we design a controller that continuously seeks and settles at the optimal fan speed to minimize the energy consumption for a given workload. We run a customized dynamic load-synthesis tool to stress the system. Our proposed cooling controller achieves up to 9% energy savings and 30W reduction in peak power in comparison to the default cooling control scheme.

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Ubiquitous Green Computing Techniques for High Demand Applications in Smart Environments

Sensors, 2012

Ubiquitous sensor network deployments, such as the ones found in Smart cities and Ambient intelli... more Ubiquitous sensor network deployments, such as the ones found in Smart cities and Ambient intelligence applications, require constantly increasing high computational demands in order to process data and offer services to users. The nature of these applications imply the usage of data centers. Research has paid much attention to the energy consumption of the sensor nodes in WSNs infrastructures. However, supercomputing facilities are the ones presenting a higher economic and environmental impact due to their very high power consumption. The latter problem, however, has been disregarded in the field of smart environment services. This paper proposes an energy-minimization workload assignment technique, based on heterogeneity and application-awareness, that redistributes low-demand computational tasks from high-performance facilities to idle nodes with low and medium resources in the WSN infrastructure. These non-optimal allocation policies reduce the energy consumed by the whole infrastructure and the total execution time.

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[2010] Combined Dynamic-Static Approach for Thermal-Awareness in Heterogeneous Data Centers

2010 International Workshop on Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High Performance, 2010

The thermal profile of data centers plays a significant role in affecting the cooling cost and po... more The thermal profile of data centers plays a significant role in affecting the cooling cost and power budget of the system. While several dynamic and static approaches have been proposed so far, these have failed on considering the whole picture. This paper proposes a combined static and dynamic approach that shows the benefits of the efficient scheduling strategies on leading to thermal-efficient floorplans. The devised methodology comes out with a placement of processors and task scheduling for a heterogeneous system, where the main thermal metrics (maximum temperature and thermal gradient) have been optimized.

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Project-Based Learning and Agile Methodologies in Electronic Courses: Effect of Student Population and Open Issues

Electronics ETF, 2013

Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Agile methodologies have proven to be very interesting instructi... more Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Agile methodologies have proven to be very interesting instructional strategies in Electronics and Engineering education, because they provide practical learning skills that help students understand the basis of electronics. In this paper we analyze two courses, one belonging to a Master in Electronic Engineering and one to a Bachelor in Telecommunication Engineering that apply Agile-PBL methodologies, and compare the results obtained in both courses with a traditional laboratory course. Our results support previous work stating that Agile-PBL methodologies increase student satisfaction. However, we also highlight some open issues that negatively affect the implementation of these methodologies, such as planning overhead or accidental complexity. Moreover, we show how differences in the student population, mostly related to the time spent on-campus, their commitment to the course or part-time dedication, have an impact on the benefits of Agile-PBL methods. In these cases, Agile-PBL methodologies by themselves are not enough and need to be combined with other techniques to increase student motivation.

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Server Power Modeling for Run-time Energy Optimization of Cloud Computing Facilities

Energy Procedia, 2014

As advanced Cloud services are becoming mainstream, the contribution of data centers in the overa... more As advanced Cloud services are becoming mainstream, the contribution of data centers in the overall power consumption of modern cities is growing dramatically. The average consumption of a single data center is equivalent to the energy consumption of 25.000 households. Modeling the power consumption for these infrastructures is crucial to anticipate the effects of aggressive optimization policies, but accurate and fast power modeling is a complex challenge for high-end servers not yet satisfied by analytical approaches. This work proposes an automatic method, based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization, for the identification of power models of enterprise servers in Cloud data centers. Our approach, as opposed to previous procedures, does not only consider the workload consolidation for deriving the power model, but also incorporates other non traditional factors like the static power consumption and its dependence with temperature. Our experimental results shows that we reach slightly better models than classical approaches, but simultaneously simplifying the power model structure and thus the numbers of sensors needed, which is very promising for a short-term energy prediction. This work, validated with real Cloud applications, broadens the possibilities to derive efficient energy saving techniques for Cloud facilities.

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