Papers by Sylvain Lanouette
The SMYD (SET and MYND domain) family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) plays pivotal roles in ... more The SMYD (SET and MYND domain) family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes, including gene expression regulation and DNA damage response. Initially identified as genuine histone methyltransferases, specific members of this family have recently been shown to methylate non-histone proteins such as p53, VEGFR, and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRb). To gain further functional insights into this family of KMTs, we generated the protein interaction network for three different human SMYD proteins (SMYD2, SMYD3, and SMYD5). Characterization of each SMYD protein network revealed that they associate with both shared and unique sets of proteins. Among those, we found that HSP90 and several of its co-chaperones interact specifically with the tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR)-containing SMYD2 and SMYD3. Moreover, using proteomic and biochemical techniques, we provide evidence that SMYD2 methylates K209 and K615 on HSP90 nucleotide-binding and dimerization domains, respectively. In addition, we found that each methylation site displays unique reactivity in regard to the presence of HSP90 co-chaperones, pH, and demethylation by the lysine amine oxidase LSD1, suggesting that alternative mechanisms control HSP90 methylation by SMYD2. Altogether, this study highlights the ability of SMYD proteins to form unique protein complexes that may underlie their various biological functions and the SMYD2-mediated methylation of the key molecular chaperone HSP90.
The SET1 family of methyltransferases carries out the bulk of histone H3 Lys-4 methylation in viv... more The SET1 family of methyltransferases carries out the bulk of histone H3 Lys-4 methylation in vivo. One of the common features of this family is the regulation of their methyltransferase activity by a tripartite complex composed of WDR5, RbBP5, and Ash2L. To selectively probe the role of the SET1 family of methyltransferases, we have developed a library of histone H3 peptide mimetics and report herein the characterization of an Nα acetylated form of histone H3 peptide (NαH3). Binding and inhibition studies reveal that the addition of an acetyl moiety to the N terminus of histone H3 significantly enhances its binding to WDR5 and prevents the stimulation of MLL1 methyltransferase activity by the WDR5-RbBP5-Ash2L complex. The crystal structure of NαH3 in complex with WDR5 reveals that a high-affinity hydrophobic pocket accommodates the binding of the acetyl moiety. These results provide the structural basis to control WDR5-RbBP5-Ash2L-MLL1 activity and a tool to manipulate stem cell differentiation programs.
Histone H3 Lys-4 methylation is predominantly catalyzed by a family of methyltransferases whose e... more Histone H3 Lys-4 methylation is predominantly catalyzed by a family of methyltransferases whose enzymatic activity depends on their interaction with a three-subunit complex composed of WDR5, RbBP5, and Ash2L. Here, we report that a segment of 50 residues of RbBP5 bridges the Ash2L C-terminal domain to WDR5. The crystal structure of WDR5 in ternary complex with RbBP5 and MLL1 reveals that both proteins binds peptide-binding clefts located on opposite sides of WDR5's β-propeller domain. RbBP5 engages in several hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts within a V-shaped cleft formed by the junction of two blades on WDR5. Mutational analyses of both the WDR5 V-shaped cleft and RbBP5 residues reveal that the interactions between RbBP5 and WDR5 are important for the stimulation of MLL1 methyltransferase activity. Overall, this study provides the structural basis underlying the formation of the WDR5-RbBP5 subcomplex and further highlight the crucial role of WDR5 in scaffolding the MLL1 core complex.
Absent, small or homeotic discs-like 2 (ASH2L) is a trithorax group (TrxG) protein and a regulato... more Absent, small or homeotic discs-like 2 (ASH2L) is a trithorax group (TrxG) protein and a regulatory subunit of the SET1 family of lysine methyltransferases. Here we report that ASH2L binds DNA using a forkhead-like helix-wing-helix (HWH) domain. In vivo, the ASH2L HWH domain is required for binding to the β-globin locus control region, histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) trimethylation and maximal expression of the β-globin gene (Hbb-1), validating the functional importance of the ASH2L DNA binding domain.
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Papers by Sylvain Lanouette