ABSTRAK Daya regenerasi kakao secara in vitro sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi media, jenis eksp... more ABSTRAK Daya regenerasi kakao secara in vitro sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi media, jenis eksplan dan zat p"rrguto, turrrUuh. Penelitian ini mempelajari perbandingan efektivitas mediaMurashige & Skoog (MS) dan penn State Cacao (PSC) untuk ,.g"rr"ruii embriogenesis somatik organ bunga kakao. Penelitian disusun rflerru(1rt rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Faklor p ettlya adalah dua macam media tertliri atas media MS dan media PSC, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah 5 macam bagian organ bunga terdiri dari petala, staminodia, anthera, dasar bunga, dan putik. Bahan tanaman yang difrrnakai adalah-klon DRl. Tahap penelitian ini terdiri dari tahap inisiasi, induksi, multiplikasi dan pJrakaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahrva Media PSC memberikan respon lebih baik dibandingkan media MS pada tahap inisiasi dan induksi. Dari lima organ bunga yang dikulturkan, hanya petala, staminodia dan anthera yang mudah berkalus. Inisiasi kalus terbaik terjadi pada media PSC yang ditunjukkan oleh parameier persentase eksplan berkalus. Respon persentase kalus yang terbentuk pada lZharisetelah tanam (HSTi terringgi terjadi pada eksplan petala (100%), diikuti staminodia (98,5%) dan anthera (22,3oA). Pada iahap induksi, media PSC juga menjadi media yang lebih haik dari media MS. persentase eksplan menghasilkan embrio pada tahap induksi (10 minggu setelah tanam/MST) tertinggi dihasilkan Jeh petala (12,0%) diikuti oleh staminodia (4,0o/o) dan anthera (2,8%)" Kata kunci: bibit kakao, embriogenesis somatik, organ bunga ABSTRACT The regeneration of cocoa flower through in vitro was influenced by the media's composition, explant and growth regulator. This research compared two somatic embryogenesis media using cocoa flower as explant. This research qas arranged in completely factorial randomized design within four replications'
This sesearch identified the responses of size of zygotic embryo of cocoa and to identify the res... more This sesearch identified the responses of size of zygotic embryo of cocoa and to identify the responses of cocoa clone types toward ability to produce somatic embryo. The research was designed by Completely Randomized Factorial Design within five replications. The first factors were the sizes of used explants, namely small (2-5 mm), average (6-9 mm) and big (10-15 mm). The second factors were cocoa clones, namely RCC 72, Sca 6, KW 162, KW 163 and KW 165. The result showed that the best explant was the small size (2-5 mm) of cocoa zygotic embryo. It had significantly on number of rooting embryos and number of embryos with buds on rooting media. Clone RCC 72 was the most responsive clone and could generate to be plantlet. Clone KW 165 performed the lowest response.
The objective of this research was intended to identify the influence of kinetin application on z... more The objective of this research was intended to identify the influence of kinetin application on zygotic embryo regeneration of several cocoa plants and examine the most appropriate kinetin concentration for regeneration of several cocoa clones. This research was conducted at Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Jember University. The research was designed by Completely Randomized Factorial Design within four replications. The first factor was 4 cocoa clones which consisted of DR 1, DR 2, ICS 13 and ICS 60. The second factor was 5 methods of zygotic embryo regeneration. Result showed that the best response of cocoa clone to kinetin concentration of all examined parameters was shown by DR 1 clone. Morever, on initiation stage, the most appropriate kinetin concentration for regeneration of several cocoa clones was 2 ppm.
This research was aimed to observe the response of different clones and specifi c organs due to t... more This research was aimed to observe the response of different clones and specifi c organs due to the somatic embryogenesis regeneration. It was arranged in factorial randomized completely design with three replication. The fi rst factor was cocoa clones i.e. ICCRI 01, ICCRI 02, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 04, KW 514, RCC72, and Sca 6. The second factor was fl ower parts i.e. petal, staminode and anther. Every explant was regenerated on initiation, induction, multiplication and rooting media. Almost all treatments showed high response of embryogenic calli which range 89.5 to 100% at initial stage, but different results were found at the following process of somatic embryogenesis. The experiment showed that each clones and each different part of fl ower had different response to somatic embryogenesis. The highest response of the explant number resulted from Sca 6 clone, which produce 35.8% embryo with average number of embryo per explant (1.34) followed by RCC 72 (28.4%, averaged 0.7) ICCRI 03 (24.7%, averaged 1.3) ICCRI 04 (18.6%, averaged 0.6). While ICCRI 02 showed the lowest responsive clone. Especially for ICCRI 01, 55.8% explant was rooted and only 1.3% explant producing embryo. The highest response of somatic embryo was resulted form petal.
Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism to Aspergillus flavus development on peanut germin... more Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism to Aspergillus flavus development on peanut germination. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are microorganisms which could increase the available P in plant media. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of PSM on A. flavus growth, and to identify it's effects on the growth dynamics of A. flavus as long as the peanut germination. The research were conducted in the and divided in 2 stages: in vitro and germination stage. Base on in-vitro stage we concluded that Bacillus subtilis strain SK had better inhibition toward the growth of A. flavus than Pseudomonas fluorescent strain GM. B. subtilis strain SK could inhibit A. flavus as much as 74%, whereas P. fluorescent strain GM was only reached 60% compared to control. Base on the germination stage, B. subtilis in the desiccator supernatant (BsDS) could increase the dry weight of root up to 24.1 g better than P. fluorescens strain GM and control. We also found that B. subtilis strain SK was more effective to change the availability of P on plant media.
Avivi, S. 2005. Effect of Soil Sterility and Soil Water Content Treatments in Reducing the Asperg... more Avivi, S. 2005. Effect of Soil Sterility and Soil Water Content Treatments in Reducing the Aspergillus flavus Development on Peanut. Agrikultura 16(3): 189-194. The peanut seed that were infected by A. flavus could contain aflatoxin, the heart cancer cause. The A. flavus contamination could be reduced by agronomic treatment. The aims of this research were: (1) to reduce the A. flavus infection on peanut seed and pod by agronomic treatment, (2) to investigate the effect of soil steril and soil water content treatments on A. flavus infection, and (3) to find the best agronomic technique to control the A. flavus. Complete randomized design factorial with five replication and two factors was used to achieve those objectives. The result showed that the interaction between soil steril and soil water content treatments was not significant. The soil water content 70%-80% field capacity (FC) significantly affect total pod weight, spores number on pod, spores density on pod, and A. flavus infection on pod. Soil sterilization using hot water steam 10 hours significantly affected the total plant weight and the number of abnormal pod. The best treatment to reduce the infection of A. flavus on peanut plantation was soil water content 70%-80% field capacity. This treatment could reduce A. flavus infection on pod until 500% compare to the 100% FC treatment. ABSTRAK Biji kacang tanah yang terinfeksi A. flavus mengandung aflatoksin, zat beracun penyebab kanker hati. Serangan A. flavus dapat dikurangi dengan beberapa perlakuan dalam praktek budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengurangi infeksi A. flavus pada biji atau polong kacang tanah selama proses budidaya (2) mengetahui pengaruh sterilisasi tanah dan lengas tanah terhadap perkembangan A. flavus (3) menemukan teknik budidaya terbaik untuk mengontrol A. flavus selama budidaya kacang tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan
The phenotype performance of maize depends on the genetic factor. The various varieties of maize ... more The phenotype performance of maize depends on the genetic factor. The various varieties of maize crops effect the phenotype characteristics variation. Furthermore, the phenotype characteristics performance has the important role in order to find the superior variety. The aims of this research were:
The objectives of this research were (1) to find the best treatment that could reduce Aspergillus... more The objectives of this research were (1) to find the best treatment that could reduce Aspergillus flavus infection on peanut plantation, (2) to know the effect of soil fumigation and NaClO seed treatment toward growth parameters, production parameters, and Aspergillus flavus infection parameters.
Synechococcus sp. is a species photosynthetic bacterium that has symbiotic mutualism with plant. ... more Synechococcus sp. is a species photosynthetic bacterium that has symbiotic mutualism with plant. Research on this field is not many. Foliar application of this bacterium may increase the growth and yield characteristics. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Synechococcus sp. application and NPK fertilizer on soybean growth and yield. The research was conducted in Pusat Inkubator Agribisnis (PIA) Jember University on February until May 2004. Split plot design was used with 2 factors, Synechococcus sp. as sub plot (B0: without bacteria and B1: with bacteria application) and NPK fertilizers as main plot (P0: 0 g/plant; P1: 0.347 g/plant; and P2: 0.875 g/plant) with three replications. The result showed that the interaction between Synechococcus sp. and NPK fertilizers treatments was not significant. The bacteria applications significantly increasing plants growth (42.9%), leaf area index (294.6%), number of productive stem per plant (141.3%), number of productive nodes per plant (40.3%), pods weight per plant (175.2%), number of pods per plant (152.8%), grain weight per plant (80.5%), dry weight (209.8%), and 100 grains weight per plant (3.4%). The fertilizers significantly affected only on plants growth (44.6%) and number of pods per plant (29.4 %).
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menemukan teknik perbanyakan bibit tomat dengan bantuan zat pengat... more Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menemukan teknik perbanyakan bibit tomat dengan bantuan zat pengatur tumbuh BAP, IAA dan NAA pada media propagasi in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu, induksi tunas dan induksi akar. Konsentrasi BAP yang digunakan pada tahap I adalah 1, 2, dan 3 ppm dalam media MS + vitamin B5 + 0,2 ppm IAA. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah kotiledon, pangkal kotiledon, dan hipokotil. Konsentrasi NAA yang digunakan pada tahap II adalah 0,1; 0,2; dan 0,3 ppm dalam media MS dengan memakai eksplan tunas yang dihasilkan tahap I. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplan kotiledon dan 1 ppm BAP menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan daun paling banyak (rata-rata 9,8 dan 3,6). Sedangkan 0,1 ppm NAA paling baik dapat menginduksi akar (jumlah akar dan panjang akar berturut-turut 20,1 dan 2,8 cm).
The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate the minimum concentration of kanamycin antibio... more The aims of this research were: (1) to investigate the minimum concentration of kanamycin antibiotic that could stop regeneration of peanut normal cell; (2) to know the effect of the most effective bacteria population, the best time periode of inoculation, the best time time periode of cocultivation, the explant type, and the best time periode of preculture to optimize the Agrobacterium mediated transformation on peanut.
Avivi, S. and Sudarsono. 2004. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana::cp PStV Resistance Mechanism of ... more Avivi, S. and Sudarsono. 2004. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana::cp PStV Resistance Mechanism of T 1 Generation and Heterologous Protection Phenomenon. J. Agrikultura 15(3):137-145.
The objectives of this research were to find the micropropagation technique using Benzylamino pur... more The objectives of this research were to find the micropropagation technique using Benzylamino purin (BAP), Kinetin, and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the micropropagation medium. The research was divided in 2 stages: (1). Micro shoot induction and (2). Micro shoots rooting induction. Complete Randomized Design with five replications and four treatments of BAP and Kinetin was used in the first stage. The treatmens of BAP and Kinetin were 4, 5, 6 and 7 ppm. Factorial design and Complete Randomized Design with one factor and three replications were used in the second stage. The factor consisted of four levels NAA: 0, 1, 1.25, 1.50 ppm NAA. The first experiment showed that the best result was achieved on the medium supplemented with 6 ppm BAP or with 7 ppm Kinetin. This media could produce average 8.6 and 8.4 shoots respectively. The second experiment showed that the best result of shoot rooting stage was obtained from media with 1 ppm NAA. In this level, the average number of root was 6.67 per explant and 1.24 cm average of root lenght.
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