Papers by Manuela Almeida
Os edifícios da zona mais antiga da cidade de Bragança apresentam, em alguns casos, anomalias dev... more Os edifícios da zona mais antiga da cidade de Bragança apresentam, em alguns casos, anomalias devidas à presença de humidade ascensional. Este estudo envolve a caracterização do património construído do Centro Histórico e a realização de uma série de ensaios num edifício seleccionado, com o objectivo de analisar o comportamento e modo de aplicação de produtos comerciais destinados a solucionar problemas de humidade ascensional. Dois dos produtos impedem a ascensão de água no interior da parede, enquanto que o terceiro produto facilita a sua evaporação.Robbialac, Cimpor, Secil Martinganç
Abstract: With the objective of fostering the energy efficiency of the building sector as well as... more Abstract: With the objective of fostering the energy efficiency of the building sector as well as of the integration of renewable energy sources, the adoption of near Zero Energy Buildings ( nZEB) concepts (buildings that have a very high energy performance) in new and in existing buildings, is currently being promoted by the SouthZEB project. This Project, initiated in March 2014, is developing, in 30 months, certified training modules targeted towards engineers, architects, municipality technicians and decision makers in Southern European countries, including Portugal. Training modules definition considers the experience and know-how of the front-runner countries (Austria, UK and Northern Italy) participating in the project, but are also based on the counselling of representatives of the main nZEB stakeholders in each of the Southern European countries partnering the SouthZEB project (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Cyprus), the so-called SouthZEB National Support Groups. This paper, ...
Daylight illuminance levels and their spatial distribution are important design elements to achie... more Daylight illuminance levels and their spatial distribution are important design elements to achieve indoor visual comfort conditions and sustainability in buildings during the operation stage. While a proper daylighting scheme increases the efficiency of the building, the excessive use of glazed surfaces can contribute to thermal and visual discomfort, hence increasing the cooling demand and use of artificial lighting. Solar control film (SCF) is a self-adhesive thin film that can be applied on glazing systems of existing buildings for retrofitting purposes to modify thermal and optical properties of the glass substrate. This paper analyses experimentally the impact of single glazing with different SCFs on the indoor illuminance levels and respective distribution on horizontal work plane by comparing the measured absolute values and the useful daylight illuminance metric. Field experiments using a small scale model with the glazing oriented to the south, in Lisbon, were performed fo...
Brazilian Journal of Development, 2021
A construção civil é um setor responsável pela geração de grandes impactos ambientais, visando mi... more A construção civil é um setor responsável pela geração de grandes impactos ambientais, visando minimizar esses impactos, foram criadas normas e selos ambientais para a construção. Este artigo apresenta um estudo preliminar comparativo entre os requisitos da Norma ISO 21931:2010 de Construção Sustentável, os requisitos dos selos AQUA-HQE, o LEED e a Norma de Desempenho NBR 15575:2013. Para tanto, foi realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica para realizar uma análise comparativa dos requisitos de cada uma delas, tendo em vista conhecer aqueles comuns a todas elas. Como resultado deste trabalho foi identificado que a norma de desempenho, o selo AQUA e o LEED estão bem alinhados com os critérios de sustentabilidade, conforto e saúde do usuário, e já a norma ISO 21931 possui alguns desses itens como opcionais.
Bolsa de Doutoramento PD/BD/135162/2017, atraves do Programa Doutoral EcoCoRe. Este trabalho foi ... more Bolsa de Doutoramento PD/BD/135162/2017, atraves do Programa Doutoral EcoCoRe. Este trabalho foi suportado financeiramente pelo: Projecto POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457 - CONSTRUCT - Institute of R&D In Structures and Construction com apoio financeiro do FEDER atraves do COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) – e por fundos nacionais atraves da FCT.
Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Success and its Impact on Regional Development
With the objective of fostering the energy efficiency of the building sector as well as of the in... more With the objective of fostering the energy efficiency of the building sector as well as of the integration of renewable energy sources, the adoption of near Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) concepts (buildings that have a very high energy performance) in new and in existing buildings, is currently being promoted by the SouthZEB project. This Project, initiated in March 2014, is developing, in 30 months, certified training modules targeted towards engineers, architects, municipality technicians and decision makers in Southern European countries, including Portugal. Training modules definition considers the experience and know-how of the front-runner countries (Austria, UK and Northern Italy) participating in the project, but are also based on the counselling of representatives of the main nZEB stakeholders in each of the Southern European countries partnering the SouthZEB project (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Cyprus), the so-called SouthZEB National Support Groups. This paper, first, elaborates on the nZEB concept and its adoption evolution in Europe. Secondly, it focuses on the need for professional training, which has been a barrier encountered in nZEB progress in Southern European countries. Finally, the paper presents the certified training development methodology followed by the SouthZEB project, with a particular focus in the Portuguese experience.
Dada a pertinência da eficiência energética, novas tecnologias e processos têm surgido para auxil... more Dada a pertinência da eficiência energética, novas tecnologias e processos têm surgido para auxiliar as equipas de projeto a melhorar o desempenho energético dos edifícios. De entre elas, destaca-se o Building Information Modelling (BIM), que proporciona aos projetistas novas oportunidades, desafios e apoio na otimização energética dos seus projetos
In order to mitigate climate changes induced by human action, the European Union settled a long t... more In order to mitigate climate changes induced by human action, the European Union settled a long term goal of reducing, up to 2050, the carbon emissions to 80 to 95% of 1990 values. At the level of the built environment it is expected to reduce carbon emissions to about 90% of the values of 1990 in that period. In order to promote this achievement, EU established the “nearly-zero energy” buildings concept that emerged in the context of the EPBD recast. This directive determines that by 31 December 2020, all new buildings must be nearly zero-energy buildings and all member states must develop policies and take measures to stimulate the transformation of the building stock also into nearly zero-energy buildings. In the actual context, this is a major challenge since there isn’t yet enough knowhow to do it and the existing standards and regulations regarding energy consumption are mainly focused on new buildings and do not respond effectively to the numerous constraints of the existing ...
To promote energy efficient buildings, with low energy consumption and energy generation onsite, ... more To promote energy efficient buildings, with low energy consumption and energy generation onsite, innovative renovation projects are needed that can act as forerunners and inspiration but also serve as best practice examples for the expert audience and the general public. Within this IEA EBC Annex 56 project, six different Case Studies from six European countries were compiled and analysed . The Case Studies are both residential and non-residential buildings, which serve as model projects for renovations in each individual country. The specific aim of the case study activity of this IEA EBC Annex 56 project is to provide significant and useful feedback from practice on a scientific basis
Universidade do Minho eBooks, 2017
This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However, neither University of... more This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However, neither University of Minho nor the EBC Contracting Parties (of the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for a Programme of Research and Development on Energy in Buildings and Communities) make any representation as to the adequacy or accuracy of the information contained herein, or as to its suitability for any particular application, and accept no responsibility or liability arising out of the use of this publication. The information contained herein does not supersede the requirements given in any national codes, regulations or standards, and should not be regarded as a substitute for the need to obtain specific professional advice for any particular application.
Portuguese school buildings are generally characterized by an in-service thermal discomfort, due ... more Portuguese school buildings are generally characterized by an in-service thermal discomfort, due to the poor envelope thermal properties and the lack of resources for paying energy consumption. Portuguese schools are free-running buildings in a Mediterranean temperate climate, with a natural ventilation strategy. The constructive records of the past describe the existence of typified projects for school buildings replicated throughout the country, without the necessary adaptations to the particular climatic situation. Likewise, the replication of solutions in rehabilitation projects, without taking into account the climatic reality, will have repercussions on the hygrothermal environment inside the classrooms. This work studies the Portuguese Brandão basic schools (from the '70s). About 100 non-refurbished Brandão schools will require some interventions in the near future. A prototype classroom was prepared in a Brandão school, in Porto. With this prototype, some studies were carried out regarding the thermal behavior before and after a refurbishment process, by experimental monitoring. The in situ experimental campaign consisted of temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration and energy consumption measurements. This extended experimental campaign (three academic years) was a crucial tool to validate an advanced dynamic hygrothermal model of Heat, Air and Moisture transfer-Wufi Plus. The calibration process consisted of comparing and minoring differences between experimental and numerical results of temperature. Given the duration of an experimental campaign like this and also the cost of the prototype, it was important to dominate and improve the numerical model that replies the in situ conditions and allows the studying of the other Portuguese Brandão buildings. This paper presents the temperature validation of this model in three distinct situations: (1) before refurbishment without heating, (2) after refurbishment without heating and (3) after refurbishment with heating. The main inputs were climatic data, building envelope, inner gains, solar gains, ventilation and heating strategies and the main output was the temperature.
ABSTRACT: The Portuguese housing sector experienced a significant growth throughout the 20 centur... more ABSTRACT: The Portuguese housing sector experienced a significant growth throughout the 20 century, particularly in the last quarter, after the democratic revolution in 1974. In fact, the number of buildings built between 1970 and 1990 ismore than one third of the buildings actually existing in Portugal. Therefore most of them were built before the publication of the first regulation concerning the energy efficiency in buildings. Regarding this scenario, it would be expected that rehabilitation activities would represent most of the current construction activities. However, given some remaining barriers from old social policies, this situation is not observed; actually building retrofitting is the least significant sector, accentuating the degradation level of major part of the Portuguese housing stock. Several studies show that the main problems are found in the building’s envelope elements, such as roofs and facades. Based on this context, the aim of this paper is to introduce som...
A urbanizacao de Vila d’Este e uma das mais importantes urbanizacoes de “habitacao de custos cont... more A urbanizacao de Vila d’Este e uma das mais importantes urbanizacoes de “habitacao de custos controlados” em Portugal, com um total de 109 edificios, alojando cerca de 17 mil habitantes. Tendo por base o processo de reabilitacao em curso, e realizada uma analise de custos de ciclo de vida. O objetivo e identificar os niveis otimos de rentabilidade dos requisitos energeticos aplicaveis na reabilitacao dos edificios e em cada um dos seus componentes com relevância no desempenho energetico, bem como identificar os niveis de desempenho energetico compativeis com o conceito de edificios de necessidades quase nulas de energia. Os resultados desta avaliacao serao de utilidade relevante para o desenvolvimento do plano nacional para a reabilitacao do parque edificado existente como previsto na Diretiva Europeia para o Desempenho Energetico dos Edificios de 2010.
A Comissão Europeia tem criado e atualizado diversas diretivas que promovem a eficiência energéti... more A Comissão Europeia tem criado e atualizado diversas diretivas que promovem a eficiência energética, sendo necessário atuar nos diversos setores de atividade. O sector dos edifícios é preponderante, sendo responsável por cerca de 40% dos consumos finais de energia. Nos edifícios públicos, a melhoria da eficiência pode contribuir para reduzir as despesas assumidas pelos órgãos de poder e melhorar as condições de conforto dos utilizadores. Alguns municípios têm vindo a realizar intervenções de melhoria no parque escolar, não só para proporcionarem melhores condições de conforto aos alunos, mas também para melhorarem o desempenho energético e reduzirem os encargos. Com base no caso de estudo de uma escola básica de tipologia P3, através de uma análise de custos de ciclo de vida, são identificadas as medidas de melhoria do desempenho energético com melhores resultados na redução do custo global. As medidas com impacto mais relevante quer ao nível da redução de custos quer na redução dos consumos energéticos, foram a substituição da iluminação e dos envidraçados. A introdução de isolamento nas paredes e cobertura, apesar do impacto reduzido tanto ao nível dos custos como na energia, afiguram-se, em algumas das soluções testadas, também rentáveis. Tendo em vista o objetivo final de transformar estes edifícios em edifícios de emissões nulas de CO 2eq. até 2020, é possível aferir que:-As medidas de melhoria da envolvente opaca, apesar de pouco relevantes, podem ser, ainda que marginalmente, rentáveis;-A melhoria do desempenho energético de envidraçados e da iluminação são medidas essenciais;-A aproximação ao objetivo de emissões nulas só é atingível com a introdução de sistemas que façam uso de energias renováveis ou com geração local de energia renovável;
CO 2 zero schools School building renovation towards emissions neutrality Vila Nova de Gaia, a 30... more CO 2 zero schools School building renovation towards emissions neutrality Vila Nova de Gaia, a 300.000 inhabitants municipality in Portugal, has established the goal of transforming their schools into carbon emissions free buildings. The first pilot project shows a combination of cost effective energy efficiency measures with renewable energy harvesting allowing reducing nearly 90% final energy use and carbon emissions.
Os autores agradecem o apoio financeiro concedido pelo programa Erasmus Mundus ISAC – Improving S... more Os autores agradecem o apoio financeiro concedido pelo programa Erasmus Mundus ISAC – Improving Skills Across Continents a presente pesquisa.
The paper reflects the work of COST Action TU1403 Workgroup 3/Task group 1. The aim is to identit... more The paper reflects the work of COST Action TU1403 Workgroup 3/Task group 1. The aim is to identity research needs from a review of the state of the art of three aspects related to adaptive façade systems: (1) dynamic performance requirements; (2) façade design under stochastic boundary conditions and (3) experiences with adaptive façade systems and market needs.
This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However, neither University of... more This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However, neither University of Minho nor the EBC Contracting Parties (of the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for a Programme of Research and Development on Energy in Buildings and Communities) make any representation as to the adequacy or accuracy of the information contained herein, or as to its suitability for any particular application, and accept no responsibility or liability arising out of the use of this publication. The information contained herein does not supersede the requirements given in any national codes, regulations or standards, and should not be regarded as a substitute for the need to obtain specific professional advice for any particular application. For the generic calculations with reference buildings, data input on reference buildings and national framework conditions is gratefully acknowledged from Åke Blomsterberg,
This document reports the importance of the category of consciousness and education for sustainab... more This document reports the importance of the category of consciousness and education for sustainability in the school environment. Education in school has a potential to make the benefits of the building construction visible for society and media, showing to the students, parents and communities how sustainability in built environment could improve the people life in economic, social and environment aspects. Thus, this paper addresses the main events related to sustainability, such as the Stockholm Conference, the Brundtland report, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and Agenda 21, until reaching the necessity of the elaboration of Methodologies for environmental assessment of building, and later, the development of the specific methodologies according to the buildings. It is also described some examples of sustainability in schools in Germany, Finland and Italy and what kind of sustainable systems those countries are currently using.
Santiago de Chile is a city with a semi-arid climate, with prolonged periods of high temperature ... more Santiago de Chile is a city with a semi-arid climate, with prolonged periods of high temperature and solar radiation. In recent years, in this city, office buildings have been built with high window to wall ratio (WWR) facades. 65% of the office buildings built in the period 2005-2014 have a WWR higher than 60%. Only 5% of these buildings showed an efficient glazed façade solar protection device. One of these systems corresponds to an exterior textile solar protection. This type of systems, together with the perforated screens, could be effective solutions for the solar protection of glazed facades, reducing the cooling energy consumption of buildings, without risking the visual comfort of the occupants. The objective of this research is to evaluate the solar transmission and lighting of seven perforated solar protection systems. Three of these systems correspond to external textile solar protections, and the remaining four are perforated metallic screens. The evaluation was carried...
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Papers by Manuela Almeida