Papers by MARIA AUXILIADORA SAAD
International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 2020
After 18 years of the classic pathophysiological characterization of what we currently call "hear... more After 18 years of the classic pathophysiological characterization of what we currently call "heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)", its diagnostic criteria remain questionable and evolving. 1 Even with historically different diagnostic criteria, establishing its prevalence and assessing its prognosis is an increasing challenge in primary care. In 2016, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) established the following as criteria for HFpEF: the presence of signs and or symptoms of HF; left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than or equal to 50%; elevation of natriuretic peptides; and the presence of cardiac structural or functional alteration. 2 In general, primary care physicians find it difficult to deal with patients with multiple comorbidities, signs and symptoms of HF and preserved LVEF and, in such cases, easily accessible tools that assist the physician in diagnosis and prognosis can be extremely useful. Recently, a scoring system called the H 2 FPEF score 3 was proposed to estimate the diagnostic probability of HFpEF in patients assisted in a specialized HF unit. However, the prognostic utility of this score remains 666
P- 112 Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease: Fibrosis and Sarcopenia Frequencies and Correlation
Annals of Hepatology
P-120 Anthropometric and Metabolic Profile in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Annals of Hepatology
P-66 Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Annals of Hepatology
Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks, 2022
Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of visceral obesity in older primary care patients
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology : JGC, 2020
Background Longevity, combined with a higher prevalence of obesity, particularly visceral obesity... more Background Longevity, combined with a higher prevalence of obesity, particularly visceral obesity, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance (IR) is an important link between visceral obesity and cardiovascular diseases. An important association has been found between sagittal abdominal diameter, visceral obesity and IR. The objective of this study is to evaluate sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of visceral obesity and correlate it with IR in older primary health care patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 389 patients over 60 years of age (70.6 ± 6.9), of whom 74% were female. Their clinical, anthropometric and metabolic profiles were assessed and their fasting serum insulin level was used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Sagittal abdominal diameter was measured in the supine position at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib with abdominal calipers...
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia, 2018
Approximately 80% of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients report that their symptoms are trigg... more Approximately 80% of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients report that their symptoms are triggered after ingesting one or specific food groups. Gluten, wheat and related proteins (e.g., amylase-trypsin inhibitors, and fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are the most relevant IBS symptom triggers, although the true ‘culprit(s)’ is/are still not well established. The concept of causal relationship between gluten intake and the occurrence of symptoms in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy was termed non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). The borderline between celiac disease, wheat allergy, IBS and NCGS is not always clearly distinguishable, and the frequency and clinical identity of NGCS are still unclear. An overlap between IBS and NCGS has been detected. The incomplete knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of these clinical conditions, lack of data on their real epidemiology, as well as the absence of a gold standard for their diagnosis, make the ov...
Geriatrics & gerontology international, Jan 22, 2018
Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon associated with physiological and metabolic changes th... more Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon associated with physiological and metabolic changes that contribute to the increased prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The phase angle (PA) is a variable calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, interpreted as a direct measure of cell stability. The objective of the present study was to investigate the correlation of PA with the anthropometric measures, metabolic profile and the cardiovascular risk estimated by the Global Cardiovascular Risk Score in the elderly population. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 402 patients aged >60 years (70.4 ± 6.9 years, 74% female) treated in primary care. Patients were evaluated by blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and body composition. The score of the risk and the stratification of the cardiovascular risk were calculated using the criteria from the Framingham Heart Study. Age, systolic blood pressure, neck circumference and fat-free mass correlated with...
vi "A velhice não é nem a idade de ouro, nem são os anos de chumbo. Se no olhar dos jovens se vê ... more vi "A velhice não é nem a idade de ouro, nem são os anos de chumbo. Se no olhar dos jovens se vê a chama, no olhar dos velhos se vê a luz. " Victor Hugo vii RESUMO Introdução: A obesidade cresce de forma epidêmica e em paralelo com o envelhecimento populacional em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, estando associada a um elevado risco cardiovascular. Com o processo de envelhecimento observa-se mudanças do perfil antropométrico, como o aumento da gordura corporal total, redução da estatura e da massa magra, o que altera a distribuição da gordura corporal e, com isso, modifica a sensibilidade à ação da insulina e causa resistência insulínica (RI). O índice de massa corporal (IMC) é uma medida antropométrica tradicional para avaliação da composição corporal e associação com o risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, nos idosos o IMC é um indicador pouco preciso no estudo da distribuição da gordura corporal, sendo necessária a adoção de novos índices antropométricos para avaliação do estado nutricional e associação com o risco cardiometabólico. A RI, caracterizada pelo declínio progressivo da resposta fisiológica dos tecidos periféricos a ação de níveis normais de insulina, é um achado frequente em doenças crônicas como o diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), que são prevalentes na população idosa. Objetivo: O objetivo geral do presente estudo é descrever o perfil antropométrico e metabólico de idosos assistidos na atenção primária de saúde e estudar sua associação com os fatores de risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Foram avaliados 411 idosos (304 mulheres) assistidos na atenção primária da cidade de Niterói, RJ. A anamnese, coleta de dados sociais, exame clínico, medidas antropométricas e avaliação da composição corporal, através de bioimpedância elétrica (BIA), foram feitas pelo mesmo avaliador. Os exames laboratoriais foram analisados a partir de amostra de sangue coletada em jejum, para avaliação do perfil metabólico. A análise estatística foi feita através da correlação de Pearson, teste de Student e Mann Whitney, com p<0,05 significante. A curva ROC avaliou o desempenho das medidas antropométricas na identificação da RI e com os critérios diagnósticos da Síndrome Metabólica (SM). Resultados: A prevalência de SM foi elevada nos critérios diagnósticos National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) e Joint Interim Statement (JIS). A mediana do peso corporal (76,1kg vs 66,5kg, p<0,01), da circunferência do pescoço (CP) (39,4cm vs 33,5cm, p<0,01), da circunferência da cintura (CC) (99,9cm vs 94cm, p<0,01) e da relação cintura/quadril (RCQ) (1 vs 0,93, p<0,01), foram maiores no sexo masculino. O percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e a circunferência do quadril (CQ) foram maiores no sexo feminino (100,9cm vs 97,1cm, p<0,01). A CP demonstrou forte correlação com a CC (r=0,70, p<0,01) no sexo masculino e com o IMC no sexo feminino (r=0,72, p<0,01). Na curva ROC, a CP apresentou junto à CC a melhor correlação com a RI no sexo feminino e a CC seguida do IMC no sexo masculino. Conclusão: A população idosa estudada apresentou elevada prevalência de SM. O %GC foi maior no sexo feminino e os indicadores de obesidade central, como a CP e CC foram maiores no sexo masculino. A CP demonstrou ser uma medida antropométrica de obesidade central e preditora de RI, que pode ser utilizada em associação com a CC na avaliação de risco cardiovascular de idosos assistidos na atenção primária. Palavras chave: idoso, obesidade, resistência insulínica, antropometria, circunferência do pescoço viii ABSTRACT Background: Obesity that has been growing epidemically and in parallel with population aging in developed and developing countries is associated with a high cardiovascular risk. The aging process shows changes in the anthropometric profile, such as the increase of total body fat, reduction of stature and lean mass, which alters the distribution of body fat and, therefore, modifies the sensitivity to the action of insulin and causes insulin resistance (IR). Body mass index (BMI) is a traditional anthropometric measure for assessing body composition and association with cardiovascular risk. However, in the elderly, BMI is an inaccurate indicator in the study of body fat distribution, and it is necessary to adopt new anthropometric indices to assess nutritional status and association with cardiometabolic risk. The IR, characterized by progressive decline of the physiological response of peripheral tissues to the action of normal levels of insulin, is a frequent finding in chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), which are prevalent in the elderly population. Objective: The general objective of the present study is to describe the anthropometric and metabolic profile of elderly people assisted in primary health care and to study their association with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Four hundred and four elderly (304 women) assisted in the primary care of the city of Niterói, RJ, were evaluated. Anamnesis, social data collection, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and body composition evaluation through electrical bioimpedance (BIA) were performed by the same evaluator. The laboratory tests were analyzed from a blood sample collected for fasting to evaluate the metabolic profile.
P-28 Body Composition Measurement and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Annals of Hepatology, 2021
European Heart Journal, 2008
Aims This study was designed to identify the characteristics and long-term prognosis of heart fai... more Aims This study was designed to identify the characteristics and long-term prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) in patients hospitalized for a first episode of HF. Methods and results Consecutive patients (n ¼ 799) hospitalized for a first episode of HF during 2000 in the Somme department (France) were recruited. EF was available in 662 (83%) patients, representing the study population. Patients with HFPEF (55.6% of cases) were significantly older, with a high proportion of women. During the 5 year follow-up, 370 patients (56%) died. Patients with HFPEF had a significantly lower 5 year survival than the age-and sex-matched general population (43 vs. 72%). Five year survival rates were not significantly different in patients with preserved and reduced EF (43 vs. 46%; P ¼ 0.95). Both groups had similar relative 5 year survival rates compared with the general population. Multivariable analysis identified age, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, diabetes, low glomerular filtration rate, and hyponatraemia as independent predictors of 5 year mortality in patients with HFPEF. Conclusions Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has a poor prognosis, comparable with that of HF with reduced EF, with a 5 year survival rate after a first episode of 43% and a high excess mortality compared with the general population.
Cadernos de saude publica, Jan 21, 2017
This study focused on the correlation between neck circumference and other anthropometric measure... more This study focused on the correlation between neck circumference and other anthropometric measurements and cardiovascular risk factors and insulin resistance in the elderly in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study in 411 patients seen in primary care. Anthropometric measurements including neck circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimated the percentage of total body fat (%TBF). Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment IR index). The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test and the correlation between numerical variables by Spearman's test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the anthropometric measurements' predictive capacity to diagnosis insulin resistance. Neck circumference was positively correlated with WC, BMI, WHR, %TBF, and HOMA-IR in both sexes. In women, neck circumf...
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Introduction: Population aging is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases... more Introduction: Population aging is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases that have a significant impact on overall morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) and visceral obesity are risk factors for vascular damage and cardiometabolic diseases. Aims: Estimating the correlation between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and IR in elderly individuals and comparing them to traditional anthropometric indices. Methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 411 individuals >60 years, who were treated in a primary care service. Body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), arm circumference (AC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. IR was estimated based on HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment IR index). LAP a index was calculated as [WC-65]×[triglyceride (TG)] in men, and as [WC-58]×[TG] in women, whereas LAP b was calculated by using the minimum WC values recorded for the current sample, i.e., 61.5 cm for women and 71.5 cm for men. Results: There was correlation among LAP a (0.506), LAP b (0.515) and HOMA-IR. LAP was better correlated to HOMA-IR and showed higher area under the curve than BMI, NC, WHR and SAD. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, LAP b ≥47.40 and LAP a ≥52.5 were the best cut-off values used to identify individuals with IR presenting 68.8% and 68.2% sensitivity, and 68.6% and 68.6% specificity, respectively.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
Fundamento: A classificação da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) por fenótipos possui grande relevância... more Fundamento: A classificação da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) por fenótipos possui grande relevância na prática clínica. Objetivo: O estudo visou analisar a prevalência, as características clínicas e os desfechos entre os fenótipos de IC no contexto da atenção primária. Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise de um estudo de coorte que incluiu 560 indivíduos, com idade ≥ 45 anos, que foram selecionados aleatoriamente em um programa de atenção primária. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas, dosagem do peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP), eletrocardiograma e ecocardiografia em um único dia. A IC com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 40% foi classificado como IC com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr), FEVE de 40% a 49% como IC com fração de ejeção intermediária (ICFEi) e FEVE ≥ 50% como IC com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp). Após 5 anos, os pacientes foram reavaliados quanto à ocorrência do desfecho composto de óbito por qualquer causa ou internação por doença cardiovascular. Resultados: Dos 560 pacientes incluídos, 51 pacientes tinham IC (9,1%), 11 dos quais tinham ICFEr (21,6%), 10 tinham ICFEi (19,6%) e 30 tinham ICFEp (58,8%). A ICFEi foi semelhante à ICFEp nos níveis de BNP (p < 0,001), índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (p = 0,037) e índice de volume do átrio esquerdo (p < 0,001). O fenótipo de ICFEi foi semelhante ao de ICFEr em relação à doença arterial coronariana (p = 0,009). Após 5 anos, os pacientes com ICFEi apresentaram melhor prognóstico quando comparados aos pacientes com ICFEp e ICFEr (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A prevalência de ICFEI foi semelhante ao observado em estudos anteriores. A ICFEI apresentou características semelhantes a ICFEP neste estudo. Nossos dados mostram que a ICFEi teve melhor prognóstico em comparação com os outros dois fenótipos.
Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 2021
The development of clinical reasoning to diagnose diseases and order ancillary tests, such as rad... more The development of clinical reasoning to diagnose diseases and order ancillary tests, such as radiology imaging, is based on historytaking and physical examination skills, which are developed during the semiology course. We aimed to evaluate the results of the innovative integration of two courses in the medical curriculum at our institution: Medical Semiology and Clinical Radiology. The sample consisted of 184 fifth-semester medical students attending the two courses simultaneously. Extra-class semiology-radiology sessions based on theoretical and practical topics integrating radiological images and semiological signs were conducted, and the results were assessed by applying a semi-structured questionnaire to the participants, in which all 18 items were rated on a scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best). The normality hypothesis in score distribution was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Shapiro-Wilk test. The distribution of the 18 scores were summarized by descriptive statistics and compared by Friedman's test, with post-hoc test in pairwise comparisons adjusted by Bonferroni test. Correlations between the scores were determined by Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficients. The overall mean score for the semiology-radiology sessions was high (8.55). Students were satisfied with the selection of clinical cases (8.46) and found that the semiology-radiology sessions contributed to the development of their clinical reasoning (8.58). Medical schools are facing new challenges in medical education. The innovative concept of Radiology-Semiology integrated teaching modality affects the students' self-perception ability to interpret radiological images and might be an educational strategy trend.
Endocrine journal, 2021
Thyroid nodules (TN) are common in the general population, and the clinical importance of diagnos... more Thyroid nodules (TN) are common in the general population, and the clinical importance of diagnosing thyroid nodules is based on excluding the possibility of thyroid cancer, which occurs in 7-15% of cases. The thyroid gland, owing to its superficial location, is easily accessible via thermography, a noninvasive method of recording body temperature that measures infrared radiation emitted by the body surface. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the temperature differences between benign and malignant TN by using thermography. We conducted a cross-sectional study where 147 TN were divided into two groups: the first group included 120 benign nodules and the other included 27 malignant nodules. All the nodules were subjected to ultrasound, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and thermography. On analyzing the thermography results, the benign nodules had a higher temperature at the beginning of the thermography evaluation, and the malignant nodules showed a higher temperature in the middl...
P-21 Bone Mass, Vitamin D Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Fiver Disease
Annals of Hepatology, 2021
European Heart Journal, 2019
Background There is no consensus on the cutoff value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) to rule ... more Background There is no consensus on the cutoff value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in the community. For instance, the ESC guidelines propose a cutoff of 35 pg/mL and the Canadian Guidelines propose 50 pg/mL. Objectives To evaluate the performance of several BNP cutoffs to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of HF in the community. Methods A total of 633 randomly selected individuals, aged 45 to 99 years, of both sexes, enrolled in a primary care program in several regions of a medium-sized city with 487,562 inhabitants were evaluated. A cross-sectional study, in which one-day clinical data collection, laboratory tests, BNP tests and tissue Doppler echocardiogram (TDE) were performed. The final diagnosis of HF was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated for different BNP cutoffs. A ROC curve was ...
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 2014
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an aggregation of risk factors that increase the incidence... more Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an aggregation of risk factors that increase the incidence of cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus (DM). Population aging is accompanied by higher prevalence of MS, which varies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. Objective: To determine prevalence of MS in the elderly using four diagnostic criteria and agreement between them. -sectional study on 243 patients older than 60 years (180 women) in Niterói, RJ. They were evaluated by clinical examination, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile and anthropometric measurements -weight, height, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio. Prevalence of MS was estimated by World Health Organization (WHO) modified, National Cholesterol Education Program -Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Results: Prevalence was high with the four criteria WHO (51.9%), NCEP-ATPIII (45.2%), IDF (64.1%) and JIS (69.1%), and agreement between criteria by kappa was moderate in almost all comparisons WHO vs. IDF (k = 0.47;95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35 to 0.58); WHO vs. NCEP-ATPIII (k = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.61); WHO vs. JIS (k = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.56); IDF vs. NCEP-ATPIII (k = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.65) and NCEP-ATPIII vs. JIS (k = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.43-0.64), except between IDF vs. JIS (K = 0.89;95% CI, 0.83 to 0.95), which was considered good. Conclusion: Prevalence of MS was high with the four diagnostic criteria, mainly by JIS. There was good agreement between JIS and IDF criteria and moderate among the others. (
P-20 Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Fibrosis and Sarcopenia Frequencies
Annals of Hepatology, 2021
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Papers by MARIA AUXILIADORA SAAD