Papers by Carol Blanchette
PISCO: Intertidal: Recruitment Monitoring: UCSB: Rock: 2001
This metadata record documents the recruitment monitoring study for PISCO intertidal. Settlement ... more This metadata record documents the recruitment monitoring study for PISCO intertidal. Settlement collectors are deployed and rock surfaces cleared at various sites along the pacific coast of California and Oregon. At each site there are two types of collectors. Collectors made of plastic mesh, ovoid, pot-scrubbers ("Tuffys") target mussel recruits. Plastic 10x10 cm PVC plates covered with 3M Safety-Walk target barnacle recruitment. 10x10 cm square plots were cleared on the rock near each barnacle recruitment plate to target natural barnacle recruitment. All collectors were deployed and plots cleared in the mid zone at all the sites throughout the year. Additional collectors and plots were added to the low and high shore levels in specific years and sites. Although mussels and barnacles were the main target taxa, other organisms were recorded as well.
PISCO: Intertidal: Mussel Fecundity Monitoring: UCSB
This metadata record documents the mussel fecundity data for the PISCO intertidal. The fecundity ... more This metadata record documents the mussel fecundity data for the PISCO intertidal. The fecundity of mussels is being compared between six PISCO sites. The twenty mussels are randomly collected within the study sites in the mid zone exposed region
PISCO: Intertidal: Mussel Fecundity Monitoring: UCSC: 2006
This metadata record documents the mussel fecundity data for the PISCO intertidal. The fecundity ... more This metadata record documents the mussel fecundity data for the PISCO intertidal. The fecundity of mussels is being compared between six PISCO sites. The twenty mussels are randomly collected within the study sites in the mid zone exposed region
Data file - ISTSXX_XXXITBPXMSR00_20080101.40.1.txt
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: False_Kalamath_Cove (IFKCXX)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at False_Klamath_Cove by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
Data file - ISOPXX_XXXITBPXMSR00_20080101.40.1.txt
Data file - ICMDXX_XXXITBPXMSR00_20090101.40.1.txt
Data file - ICMDXX_XXXITBPXMSR00_20050622.40.1.txt
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Mill_Creek (IMCKXX)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Mill_Creek by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Ecola (EPTX00)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Ecola by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Waddell (IWADXX)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Waddell by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Hazard (IHAZXX)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Hazards by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Andrew_Molera (IANMXX)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Andrew_Molera by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
PISCO: Intertidal: site temperature data: Terrace_Point (ITRPXX)
This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at... more This metadata record describes a mix of intertidal seawater and air temperature data collected at Terrace_Point by PISCO. Measurements were collected using either Stowaway Tidbit Temperature Loggers (Onset Computer Corp TPIC-05+37) or HOBO Pendant Temperature/Light Logger (Onset Computer Corp UA-002-64
Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences, 2018
A large-scale monitoring program associated with the establishment of a marine protected area net... more A large-scale monitoring program associated with the establishment of a marine protected area network in southern California provided an opportunity to observe and document unique or rare species across the region. Scientists and students from several educational and research institutions surveyed 145 subtidal reefs, 39 intertidal reefs, and five sandy beaches from 2011-2017, a period of time where oceanographic and climatic conditions changed serially and dramatically. In conjunction with an increase in monitoring frequency and locations, dramatic shifts in oceanographic climate during this same time period likely caused shifts in tolerable habitat conditions for many nearshore species. Here we describe range extensions, both to the north and south, of 14 marine fish, invertebrate, and algae species as observed during the 2011-2012 South Coast MPA Baseline Program and subsequent monitoring efforts.
PloS one, 2018
Disease outbreaks can have substantial impacts on wild populations, but the often patchy or anecd... more Disease outbreaks can have substantial impacts on wild populations, but the often patchy or anecdotal evidence of these impacts impedes our ability to understand outbreak dynamics. Recently however, a severe disease outbreak occurred in a group of very well-studied organisms-sea stars along the west coast of North America. We analyzed nearly two decades of data from a coordinated monitoring effort at 88 sites ranging from southern British Columbia to San Diego, California along with 2 sites near Sitka, Alaska to better understand the effects of sea star wasting disease (SSWD) on the keystone intertidal predator, Pisaster ochraceus. Quantitative surveys revealed unprecedented declines of P. ochraceus in 2014 and 2015 across nearly the entire geographic range of the species. The intensity of the impact of SSWD was not uniform across the affected area, with proportionally greater population declines in the southern regions relative to the north. The degree of population decline was unr...
Scientific Data, 2016
At a proximal level, the physiological impacts of global climate change on ectothermic organisms ... more At a proximal level, the physiological impacts of global climate change on ectothermic organisms are manifest as changes in body temperatures. Especially for plants and animals exposed to direct solar radiation, body temperatures can be substantially different from air temperatures. We deployed biomimetic sensors that approximate the thermal characteristics of intertidal mussels at 71 sites worldwide, from 1998-present. Loggers recorded temperatures at 10-30 min intervals nearly continuously at multiple intertidal elevations. Comparisons against direct measurements of mussel tissue temperature indicated errors of~2.0-2.5°C, during daily fluctuations that often exceeded 15°-20°C. Geographic patterns in thermal stress based on biomimetic logger measurements were generally far more complex than anticipated based only on 'habitat-level' measurements of air or sea surface temperature. This unique data set provides an opportunity to link physiological measurements with spatially-and temporally-explicit field observations of body temperature. Design Type(s) observation design • time series design Measurement Type(s) temperature of environmental material Technology Type(s) biomimetic sensor Factor Type(s) geographic location Sample Characteristic(s)
J Biogeogr, 2008
Aim Our aim in this paper is to present the first broad-scale quantification of species abundance... more Aim Our aim in this paper is to present the first broad-scale quantification of species abundance for rocky intertidal communities along the Pacific coast of North America. Here we examine the community-level marine biogeographical patterns in the context of formerly described biogeographical regions, and we evaluate the combined effects of geographical distance and environmental conditions on patterns of species similarity across this region. Location Pacific coast of North America. Methods Data on the percentage cover of benthic marine organisms were collected at 67 rocky intertidal sites from southeastern Alaska, USA, to central Baja California Sur, Mexico. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling were used to evaluate the spatial patterns of species similarity among sites relative to those of previously defined biogeographical regions. Matrices of similarity in species composition among all sites were computed and analysed with respect to geographical distance and long-term mean sea surface temperature (SST) as a measure of environmental conditions. Results We found a high degree of spatial structure in the similarity of intertidal communities along the coast. Cluster analysis identified 13 major community structure 'groups'. Although breaks between clusters of sites generally occurred at major biogeographical boundaries, some of the larger biogeographical regions contained several clusters of sites that did not group according to spatial position or identifiable coastal features. Additionally, there were several outliers-sites that grouped alone or with sites outside their region-for which localized features may play an important role in driving community structure. Patterns of species similarity at the large scale were highly correlated with geographical distance among sites and with SST. Importantly, we found community similarity to be highly correlated with long-term mean SST while controlling for the effects of geographical distance. Main conclusions These findings reveal a high degree of spatial structure in the similarity of rocky intertidal communities of the northeast Pacific, and are generally consistent with those of previously described biogeographical regions, with some notable differences. Breaks in similarity among clusters are generally coincident with known biogeographical and oceanographic discontinuities. The strong correlations between species similarity and both geographical position and SST suggest that both geography and oceanographic conditions have a large influence on patterns of intertidal community structure along the Pacific coast of North America.
Ecol Monogr, 2006
We explicitly quantified spatial and temporal patterns in the body temperature of an ecologically... more We explicitly quantified spatial and temporal patterns in the body temperature of an ecologically important species of intertidal invertebrate, the mussel Mytilus californianus, along the majority of its latitudinal range from Washington to southern California, USA. Using long-term (five years), high-frequency temperature records recorded at multiple sites, we tested the hypothesis that local ''modifying factors'' such as the timing of low tide in summer can lead to large-scale geographic mosaics of body temperature. Our results show that patterns of body temperature during aerial exposure at low tide vary in physiologically meaningful and often counterintuitive ways over large sections of this species' geographic range. We evaluated the spatial correlations among sites to explore how body temperatures change along the latitudinal gradient, and these analyses show that ''hot spots'' and ''cold spots'' exist where temperatures are hotter or colder than expected based on latitude. We identified four major hot spots and four cold spots along the entire geographic gradient with at least one hot spot and one cold spot in each of the three regions examined (Washington-Oregon, Central California, and Southern California). Temporal autocorrelation analysis of year-to-year consistency and temporal predictability in the mussel body temperatures revealed that southern animals experience higher levels of predictability in thermal signals than northern animals. We also explored the role of wave splash at a subset of sites and found that while average daily temperature extremes varied between sites with different levels of wave splash, yearly extreme temperatures were often similar, as were patterns of predictability. Our results suggest that regional patterns of tidal regime and local pattern of wave splash can overwhelm those of large-scale climate in driving patterns of body temperature, leading to complex thermal mosaics of temperature rather than simple latitudinal gradients. A narrow focus on population changes only at range margins may overlook climatically forced local extinctions and other population changes at sites well within a species range. Our results emphasize the importance of quantitatively examining biogeographic patterns in environmental variables at scales relevant to organisms, and in forecasting the impacts of changes in climate across species ranges.
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Papers by Carol Blanchette