Maria Sotillo

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Basic Psychology, Faculty Member

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Operation of cognitive memory inhibition in adults with Down syndrome: Effects of maintenance load and material

PLOS ONE, Nov 14, 2019

Background Cognitive inhibition is one of the executive functions; this process over memory plays... more Background Cognitive inhibition is one of the executive functions; this process over memory plays a fundamental role in recalling relevant information. The aims of this study were to understand the effects of maintenance load and stimuli on the operation of cognitive inhibition over memory in working memory tasks in adults with Down syndrome. Method The study included 36 individuals with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44 years, standard deviation = 7.54 years, 50% women) and 36 individuals with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55 years, standard deviation = 7.52 years, 50% women). The participants performed a working memory task in which they had to solve an interference problem during the maintenance phase. Results The Down syndrome group performed worse on cognitive inhibition over memory than the neurotypical development group. Both groups had lower recall with interference and under high-load conditions. In the neurotypical development group, memory was similar with both materials. The Down syndrome group performed better with non-social stimuli than with social stimuli. Conclusions Understanding the variables that influence cognitive inhibition over memory will help in planning effective interventions for people with Down syndrome. Considering the results, special importance should be placed on work with social stimuli, at least in individuals with Down syndrome.

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Impairment of cognitive memory inhibition in individuals with intellectual disability: A meta-analysis

PubMed, Nov 1, 2019

Background: Cognitive inhibition impairment is intimately related to the forgetfulness of relevan... more Background: Cognitive inhibition impairment is intimately related to the forgetfulness of relevant information. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the evidence of impaired function of cognitive inhibition processes over memory in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Method: Eleven studies were selected and analysed and included a total of 683 participants. The studies were categorised according to variables such as the task used, the processes involved, the sensory modalities and the method. Results: Despite the small sample of studies, the results revealed significant difficulties with cognitive memory inhibition (CMI) tasks in individuals with ID compared with typical development (TD) individuals (d = 0.62). CMI problems were found in all life stages except the 19-45-year-old stage. In this stage, there was a smaller amount of evidence even though it included the 31-40-year-old range, during which premature aging has been observed in ID. Conclusions: An impairment of CMI in people with ID was observed. More studies are needed to more reliably assess the potential moderating role of age and other factors.

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Comunicación y lenguaje en autismo: sistemas alternativos de comunicación

Aspectos psicológicos y cognitivos del síndrome de Williams

Escritos de Psicología, Oct 1, 1999

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Angel Rivière: In memoriam

Escritos de Psicología, Oct 1, 2000

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Marbles, puzzles and focal point. ‘Theory of mind’ in the psychology of Ángel Rivière (Canicas, puzles y focos. La ‘teoría de la mente’ en la Psicología de Ángel Rivière)

Infancia Y Aprendizaje, Oct 1, 2020

ABSTRACT The ‘theory of mind’ construct is presented, pointing out its place in Rivière’s concept... more ABSTRACT The ‘theory of mind’ construct is presented, pointing out its place in Rivière’s conceptual approaches to psychological development, and in particular to the way of understanding autism. Next, the evolution of the theory of mind is briefly analysed, finally pointing out some implications.

Affective prosody in teenagers and adults with Williams syndrome

Teoría de la mente: lugar de encuentro

Marbles, puzzles and focal point: ‘Theory of mind’ in the psychology of Ángel Rivière

Journal for the Study of Education and Development, Infancia y Aprendizaje, 2020

Síndrome de Williams: yo quiero tener un millón de amigos

Capítulo 3: Características del funcionamiento mentalista de tipo emocional en espectro autista y algunas estrategias de intervención psicológica para su desarrollo

False belief attribution in children with Williams syndrome: the answer is in the emotion

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, Aug 15, 2017

Background Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) show difficulties in attributing false beliefs... more Background Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) show difficulties in attributing false beliefs, whereas they are better at attributing emotions. This study examines whether being asked about the emotion linked to a false belief, instead of explicitly about the belief, facilitates performance on theory of mind (ToM) tasks. Method Thirty children with WS and 90 typically developing children, who were individually matched on mental age (50-112 months), were administered six explicit (i.e. questions on belief) and six implicit (i.e. questions on emotion) trials of false belief tasks. Results Theory of mind competences were related to cognitive development. Children with WS performed comparably to typically developing children on the emotion questions. Conclusion Correct answers to questions on emotion reveal an implicit understanding of false belief. The Representational redescription process could be impaired in the domain of ToM in this population. This finding has relevant implications for the design of supports aiming to optimise the development of ToM competences in individuals with WS.

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Programa asistido con perros para la mejora de la participación en adultos con discapacidad intelectual.: Resultados preliminares

espanolEn la actualidad carecemos de evidencias cientificas que demuestren que la Terapia Asistid... more espanolEn la actualidad carecemos de evidencias cientificas que demuestren que la Terapia Asistida con animales (TAA) es efectiva en el incremento de la iniciativa de participacion en personas con discapacidad intelectual. Se llevo a cabo un programa de intervencion con 6 usuarios adultos con discapacidad intelectual en 9 sesiones y utilizando 3 perros como coterapeutas para demostrar la efectividad de este tipo de terapia. A pesar de obtener unos resultados prometedores, es necesario seguir poniendo en marcha estos programas en un numero mayor de usuarios y durante un periodo mas largo de tiempo con el objetivo de poder extrapolar los datos. EnglishCurrently there is lack of scientific evidence to show that Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) is effective in increasing initiative participation in people with intellectual disability. An intervention program with 6 adult users with intellectual disability in 9 sessions and using 3 dogs as co - therapists to demonstrate the effectiveness of...

Development of sentential complementation in children with Williams syndrome

Enhanced linguistic prosodic skills in musically trained individuals with Williams syndrome

Language and Cognition, 2019

abstractIndividuals with Williams syndrome (WS) present prosodic impairments. They are also inter... more abstractIndividuals with Williams syndrome (WS) present prosodic impairments. They are also interested in musical activities. In typical development, a body of research has shown that the linguistic prosodic skills of musically trained individuals are enhanced. However, it is not known whether, in WS, musical training is also associated with enhanced prosodic performance, a question this study sought to answer. We compared the performance on linguistic prosodic tasks among seven musically trained and fourteen musically untrained individuals with WS, and typically developing peers. Among those with WS, musically trained participants outperformed their musically untrained counterparts on the perception of acoustic parameters involved in prosody, the understanding of questioning and declarative intonation, and the comprehension of prefinal contrastive stress. The results suggest that musical training facilitates prosodic performance in WS. Our findings also suggest common processing me...

Perfil cognitivo de un niño con síndrome de Noonan con mutación genética SOS1

Neurología, 2016

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Nota de presentación

Estudios de Psicología, 2000

Language developmentr and lexical processing in children with Asperger syndrome: some empirical data against legends

Personas con síndrome de asperger

Procesos deductivos e implicaturas conversacionales: una aproximación experimental

Estudios De Psicologia, 2000

estudio empírico que permitiera profundizar en el estudio de estas relaciones desde una perspecti... more estudio empírico que permitiera profundizar en el estudio de estas relaciones desde una perspectiva de análisis multivariado. Para ello se realizó un estudio longitudinal de 16 sujetos, con tres momentos de medida (en torno a los ocho, diez y doce meses de edad). Los sujetos fueron evaluados mediante la aplicación de las escalas Uzgiris y Hunt (1975) y grabados en dos situaciones de interacción diádica, una libre con su madre y otra semiestructurada de carácter elicitador La conducta comunicativa de los niños fue registrada mediante un sistema de codificación diseñado con tal fin (Sarriá, 1991). Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de correlaciones y análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Los resultados obtenidos no apoyan la hipótesis de la homología local sobre la interdependencia de determinadas capacidades cognitivas y el desarrollo comunicativo planteada por Bates, Benigni, Bretherton, Camaioni y Volterra (1979), sino más bien sugieren una hipótesis de diferenciación entre los dominios de adaptación al mundo físico y el social-comunicativo, en el período de aparición de la intención comunicativa.

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