Papers by Miguel Beltran-Garcia
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Aug 31, 2022
and Díaz-Martínez NE (2022) Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of hum... more and Díaz-Martínez NE (2022) Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of human mesenchymal stem cells after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced damage and improve proliferation and neural differentiation.
Conociendo la diversidad genética de la Sigatoka negra (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) para lograr un manejo integrado
La Sigatoka negra, causada por el hongo fitopatógeno Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, es conside... more La Sigatoka negra, causada por el hongo fitopatógeno Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, es considerada como una de las enfermedades que causan un mayor impacto en la producción de bananos y plátanos a escala mundial. Su control se basa principalmente en la aplicación de fungicidas, pero estos ocasionan problemas de salud humana, contaminación ambiental, pérdidas de sensibilidad y altos costos de producción. Diversos factores afectan la genética de las poblaciones del patógeno, como son: las mutaciones, el tipo de reproducción, el flujo de genes o migración y la selección natural. El conocimiento de la diversidad genética de las poblaciones es una base importante para entender la biología y la epidemiología del patógeno. En el presente estudio, empleando marcadores moleculares tipo microsatélite, se determinó la diversidad genética de Mycosphaerella fijiensis de los estados productores de Chiapas, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Michoacán y Colima. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de grupos ge...
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2011
The chemical changes in barley-straw (BS), wheat-straw (WS) and vineyard-pruning (VP) substrates ... more The chemical changes in barley-straw (BS), wheat-straw (WS) and vineyard-pruning (VP) substrates were determined during colonization of Lentinula edodes mycelia (during primordium development) in solid state fermentation. Primordia appeared 39-50 days after inoculation. VP appeared to promote early sporophore initiation. The concentration of hemicellulose in BS and VP decreased gradually from 25.5% to 15.6% and from 15.8% to 12.3%, respectively. However in WS, hemicellulose decreased from 27.2% to 9.5%. Lignin broke down continuously in BS and WS, with 31.8% and 34.4% degradation, respectively; higher than that of cellulose. During the pinning stage, the C:N ratio decreased in VP and BS, but not in WS. On all substrates the phenols decreased notably throughout the first week of mycelial growth. The time elapsed (days) to pinning was positively correlated with cellulose content (r=0.89), total sugar (r=0.85) and inversely correlated to lignin (r=-1.00) and phenol content (r=-0.55).
Biology
A. marmorata is the raw material used for tepextate mescal production but is classified as an end... more A. marmorata is the raw material used for tepextate mescal production but is classified as an endangered species. In the present study, we obtain and multiply clonal lines of Agave marmorata Roezl by selecting seedlings derived from seeds. Ten seedlings from two lots of 400 germinated seeds were selected for axillary bud proliferation induced by BAP 5 mg/L in vitamin-free Murashige and Skoog’s medium. Differences in shoot numbers, heights and senescent tissue formation were observed. Notably, the AM32 line formed 84 shoots and presented low senescent tissue after 60 d of culture. We also selected the AM31 and AM33 clonal lines. Four-month shoots were extracted with 80% methanol in water to determine the total content of saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids and compare the three clonal lines. Some bioactive molecules were identified using HPLC techniques and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry none showed significant differences in content. Additionally, plants derived from the clonal li...
Agave Seed Endophytes: Ecology and Impacts on Root Architecture, Nutrient Acquisition, and Cold Stress Tolerance
Seed Endophytes, 2019
The genus Agave comprises plants that are a source of nutrients for humans and animals and can su... more The genus Agave comprises plants that are a source of nutrients for humans and animals and can support their ecosystems. Agave extinction may impact a long list of organisms including plants, pollinators, animals, and soil microorganisms. Agaves have an extraordinary adaptability to arid and semiarid environments. Physiological and morphological strategies allow them to survive under extreme conditions such as drought and high temperature (up to 61 °C). In recent decades it has been discovered that bacterial and fungal communities in plants are not simple passengers, and this is especially true for microbial communities of seeds. Seed transmission of endophytic microbes appears to be important in shaping the endophyte community in the mature plant and consequently acts as the initial inoculum for the plant microbiota. Those microbes participate in seedling growth, favor intake of nutrients and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, and, in some extreme cases, can be used as “food” for the plants.
Endophytic bacteria and rare earth elements; promising candidates for nutrient use efficiency in plants
Plant Macronutrient Use Efficiency, 2017
Abstract Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) depends on the plant’s ability to take up nutrients effici... more Abstract Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) depends on the plant’s ability to take up nutrients efficiently from the soil, but also depends on internal transport, storage and remobilization of nutrients. Nitrogen (N) is a fundamental element regulating plant growth and development. Plants have evolved inorganic and organic N-uptake systems to cope with heterogeneous N availability in the soil. However, NUE is dependent on root growth and root architecture. Endophytic bacteria have a direct influence on root growth and increase nutrient uptake. Under reciprocal exchange, trading carbon for nutrients, plant and bacteria establish a symbiotic association. In this chapter we will address how endophytic bacteria might contribute to efficient nutrient uptake, especially organic nitrogen, through bacterial cell degradation or by externally activating nitrogen transporters. Also, here we propose the use of rare earth elements as an option for improving NUE in plants and their possible use as fertilizers.
Microorganisms, 2021
Climatic factors and pathogenic fungi threaten global banana production. Moreover, bananas are be... more Climatic factors and pathogenic fungi threaten global banana production. Moreover, bananas are being cultivated using excessive amendments of nitrogen and pesticides, which shift the microbial diversity in plants and soil. Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and culture-dependent methods have provided valuable information about microbial diversity and functionality of plant-associated endophytic communities. Under stressful (biotic or abiotic) conditions, plants can recruit sets of microorganisms to alleviate specific potentially detrimental effects, a phenomenon known as “cry for help”. This mechanism is likely initiated in banana plants infected by Fusarium wilt pathogen. Recently, reports demonstrated the synergistic and cumulative effects of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) on naturally occurring plant microbiomes. Indeed, probiotic SynComs have been shown to increase plant resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses and promote growth. This rev...
Influencia de los hongos en el deterioro de piedra caliza de monumentos mayas
Deteriorated limestone from Mayan buildings in Yucatan, Mexico, was analyzed with scanning electr... more Deteriorated limestone from Mayan buildings in Yucatan, Mexico, was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microprobe with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Changes in surface chemical composition, caused by the biofilm layer and the conversion of calcite into gypsum, were demonstrated. Representative fungi include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Paecilomyces. Strains of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., were selected for their ability to produce acidic metabolites. Both fungi excreted organic acids when incubated; ion exchange chromatography identified these acids as gluconic, succcinic-malic (coeluted) and oxalic. A. niger, the most active acid producer, also excreted citric acid. When grown in the presence of limestone coupons, calcium release from the mineral matrix paralleled the production of oxalic acid. However free calcium was considerably lower in filtrates from l...
Catalases of phytopathogenic fungi: factors of virulence and resistance to fungicides?
Microorganisms, 2021
Since the early work of Justus von Liebig on nutrient absorption in plants in the 1800s [...]
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019
Nutrient-Transfer Symbiosis by Enterobacter in Banana Plants abundance. The relative abundance of... more Nutrient-Transfer Symbiosis by Enterobacter in Banana Plants abundance. The relative abundance of the isotopomers m/z 872. 57, 873.57, 874.57, 875.57, 876.57 unequivocally demonstrated that plants acquired 15 N atoms directly from bacterial cells, using them as a source of N, to support plant growth in restricted nutrient soils. E. cloacae might be a new alternative to promote growth and health of banana crops.
In-vivo electrochemical monitoring of H2O2 production induced by root-inoculated endophytic bacteria in Agave tequilana leaves
Biosensors & bioelectronics, Jan 18, 2017
A dual-function platinum disc microelectrode sensor was used for in-situ monitoring of H2O2 produ... more A dual-function platinum disc microelectrode sensor was used for in-situ monitoring of H2O2 produced in A. tequilana leaves after inoculation of their endophytic bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae). Voltammetric experiments were carried out from 0.0 to -1.0V, a potential range where H2O2 is electrochemically reduced. A needle was used to create a small cavity in the upper epidermis of A. tequilana leaves, where the fabricated electrochemical sensor was inserted by using a manual three-dimensional micropositioner. Control experiments were performed with untreated plants and the obtained electrochemical results clearly proved the formation of H2O2 in the leaves of plants 3h after the E. cloacae inoculation, according to a mechanism involving endogenous signaling pathways. In order to compare the sensitivity of the microelectrode sensor, the presence of H2O2 was detected in the root hairs by 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) stain 72h after bacterial inoculation. In-situ pH measurements were also...
Fermentation Processes, 2017
Lipopeptides constitute an important class of microbial secondary metabolites. Some lipopeptides ... more Lipopeptides constitute an important class of microbial secondary metabolites. Some lipopeptides have potent therapeutic activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor and immunomodulator. Surfactin, iturin, fengycin, lichenysin and bacillomycin D from Bacillus species, daptomycin from Streptomyces roseosporus and rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the most studied lipopeptides. These molecules are good candidates to replace those antibiotics and antifungals with no effect on pathogenic microorganisms. Microbial lipopeptides are produced via fermentation processes by bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes either on water miscible and immiscible substrates. However, the major bottlenecks in lipopeptide production are yield increase and cost reduction. Improving the bioindustrial production processes relies on many issues such as selecting hyperproducing strains and the appropriate extraction techniques; purification and identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(HPLC-MS), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS); the use of cheap raw materials and the optimization of medium-culture conditions. The purpose of this chapter is to orient the reader on the key elements in this field, including the selection of analytical strategies to get a good microbial strain as well as to show some examples of liquid and solid-state low-cost fermentation processes. Last, we introduce endophytic bacteria as lipopeptide-producer candidates.
La Sigatoka Negra y su manejo integrado en banano
Fundacion Produce Colima A.C., FORDECIT del CONACYT, Comite Sistema Producto Platano Nacional, A.C.
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2014
Agave tequilana Weber var. 'Azul' is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. Diver... more Agave tequilana Weber var. 'Azul' is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. Diverse bacteria inhabit plant tissues and play a crucial role for plant health and growth. In this study culturable endophytic bacteria were extracted from leaf bases of 100 healthy Agave tequilana plants. In plant tissue bacteria occurred at mean population densities of 3 million CFU/g of fresh plant tissue. Three hundred endophytic strains were isolated and 16s rDNA sequences grouped the bacteria into eight different taxa that shared high homology with other known sequences. Bacterial endophytes were identified as Acinectobacter sp., A. baumanii, A. bereziniae, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter hormaechei, Bacillus sp. Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Gluconobacter oxydans. Isolates were confirmed to be plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) by their capacities for nitrogen fixation, auxin production, phosphate solubilization, or antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum AC132. E. casseliflavus JM47 and K. oxytoca JM26 secreted the highest concentrations of IAA. The endophyte Acinectobacter sp. JM58 exhibited the maximum values for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization index (PSI). Inhibition of fungi was found in Pseudomonas sp. JM9p and K. oxytoca JM26. Bacterial endophytes show promise for use as bio-inoculants for agave cultivation. Use of endophytes to enhance cultivation of agave may be particularly important for plants produced by micropropagation techniques, where native endophytes may have been lost.
Scientific Reports, 2014
Plants form symbiotic associations with endophytic bacteria within tissues of leaves, stems, and ... more Plants form symbiotic associations with endophytic bacteria within tissues of leaves, stems, and roots. It is unclear whether or how plants obtain nitrogen from these endophytic bacteria. Here we present evidence showing nitrogen flow from endophytic bacteria to plants in a process that appears to involve oxidative degradation of bacteria. In our experiments we employed Agave tequilana and its seed-transmitted endophyte Bacillus tequilensis to elucidate organic nitrogen transfer from 15 N-labeled bacteria to plants. Bacillus tequilensis cells grown in a minimal medium with 15 NH 4 Cl as the nitrogen source were watered onto plants growing in sand. We traced incorporation of 15 N into tryptophan, deoxynucleosides and pheophytin derived from chlorophyll a. Probes for hydrogen peroxide show its presence during degradation of bacteria in plant tissues, supporting involvement of reactive oxygen in the degradation process. In another experiment to assess nitrogen absorbed as a result of endophytic colonization of plants we demonstrated that endophytic bacteria potentially transfer more nitrogen to plants and stimulate greater biomass in plants than heat-killed bacteria that do not colonize plants but instead degrade in the soil. Findings presented here support the hypothesis that some plants under nutrient limitation may degrade and obtain nitrogen from endophytic microbes. L ike all living things, plants require nitrogen (N) throughout their development. The N incorporated as NO 3 2 and NH 4 1 represents about 2% of total plant dry matter, and is a component of proteins, nucleic acids, cofactors, signalling molecules, storage and numerous plant secondary products. The availability of N to plant roots is often an important limiting factor for plant growth. Plants obtain N from nitrogen fixing bacteria and decomposition of dead tissues of both plants and animals by microorganisms . Moreover, a tiny fraction (0.00024%) of planetary N is available to plants in soils, where plants compete with microbes to absorb N 6 . The atmospheric formation of nitrate by photo-oxidation through the effect of lightning also is minimal . The limited bioavailability of N, and the need to enhance crop growth, have provoked a continual expansion in use of N fertilizer with from 12 to 104 additional teragrams used each year 7,8 . On average only 30-50% of the applied N is taken up by plants, with the remainder being lost to surface run-off, leaching of nitrates and ammonia volatilization 11 . The excessive use of fertilizers is a highly contaminating process 9 and the energy required to produce N through the Haber-Bosch process requires at least 1% of the world annual energy supply 12 . Historically, it was thought that plants derived all N nutrition from the inorganic forms of N, NO 3 2 and NH 4 1 . However, it is now known that the principal form of N entering soils that do not receive inorganic fertilizer is organic N derived from microbial breakdown of organic matter, including amino acids, di-and tri-peptides, DNA and proteins . In addition, some plants can scavenge organic N from insects (carnivorous plants) or by entomopathogenic fungus-mediated N translocation from insects . Further, some plants have been shown to consume and degrade bacteria and yeasts through endocytosis 3 . However, it is unclear whether endocytosis of microbes by plants is a purely defensive process or rather is a means to acquire nutrients . Plants are naturally colonised by endophytic bacteria that inhabit internal spaces without deleterious effects on host plants 1,2 . Endophytic bacteria that spend some time in soil enter roots or shoots and may spread to all plant tissues, often transmitting in seeds, thus ensuring transfer to the next plant generation 2 . However, controversy exists regarding the significance of nitrogen-fixing endophytes in plants 1,2 . It is frequently argued that positive effects of bacteria on plant growth may be the result of auxins and other growth regulators rather than enhanced N acquisition due to microbial N fixation . Also there is no clear evidence as to how N is transferred from endophytic diazotrophs to the host plant. It has been suggested that N transfer to the host is via amino acids, ammonia, small organic
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2014
The chemical management of the black leaf streak disease in banana caused by Mycosphaerella fijie... more The chemical management of the black leaf streak disease in banana caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morelet) requires numerous applications of fungicides per year. However this has led to fungicide resistance in the field. The present study evaluated the activities of six fungicides against the mycelial growth by determination of EC 50 values of strains collected from fields with different fungicide management programs: Rustic management (RM) without applications and Intensive management (IM) more than 25 fungicide application/year. Results showed a decreased sensitivity to all fungicides in isolates collected from IM.
Revista Mexicana …, 2011
Muestra un archivo XML con los metadatos del artículo basados en el formato que maneja OAI - PMH ... more Muestra un archivo XML con los metadatos del artículo basados en el formato que maneja OAI - PMH (open archives initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) facilitando así la diseminación eficiente del contenido. ... De la Rosa-García, Susana del CarmenOrtega-Morales, Otto; ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997
The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is widely cultivated, but the volatile compounds it pro... more The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is widely cultivated, but the volatile compounds it produces are little known. Several methods of isolation of volatile components were compared: extraction by carbon tetrachloride, vacuum distillation, and conveyance by nitrogen flow. The observed order of extraction efficiency was CCl 4 > vacuum > N 2 . Compounds extracted by CCl 4 were 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, benzaldehyde, 1-octanol, benzoic acid, and an unidentified trace component. The extracted mixture of compounds demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against some bacterial strains. Addition of a facsimile mixture containing these volatile compounds to a culture broth resulted in complete inhibition of the eight bacteria used for antibacterial assay. Benzaldehyde, which does not contribute notably to the inhibition of bacterial growth, is formed as a reaction to the stress of CCl 4 contact or vacuum dehydration. The amount of benzaldehyde produced may be an indicator of the degree of stress imposed.
redalyc.uaemex.mx
200%. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología. Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, AC. guillermofuentes... more 200%. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología. Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, AC. guillermofuentes_davila@hotmail.com. ISSN (Versión impresa): 0185-3309. ...
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Papers by Miguel Beltran-Garcia