Papers by Gilles Lefebvre (upec)
Methodology for Analyzing of a Grid Weakness and Resiliency Factors - case of Niger National Grid
2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2018
In general cases, particularly in developing countries, the weakness of the national electric gri... more In general cases, particularly in developing countries, the weakness of the national electric grid is due to overloading, infrastructures aging, high temperatures and bad weather. In such systems, the interruptions of electricity supply can take several hours to days. To prevent the power deficit, consumers can use diesel generators that are very noisy and highly polluting. But, as alternative, renewable energy sources and storage devices can be used for load shifting. This can help to improve the grid resiliency and the supply continuity. But, to do this, it is necessary to have efficient methodology of weakness analysis and resiliency factors estimation. In this paper, experimental data are used to define the main parameters of the system performance based on the IEEE Std Std 1366TM-2012 indexes.
Modelling bond graph of a thermal solar water heater for thermal comfort in a building
2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2017
This paper presents a study of a building heating and comfort based on solar thermal system consi... more This paper presents a study of a building heating and comfort based on solar thermal system consisting of a solar thermal collector, a water storage tank, a boiler and a low temperature radiator. The formalism of Bond Graph is used for modeling of the solar water heater using a thermostat regulated hot water radiator for heating a building. The model is simulated through Matlab/Simulink software and its performance is analyzed.
Day-Ahead Optimal Power Flow for Efficient Energy Management of Urban Microgrid
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021
This study deals with the urban microgrid energy management that is dedicated to individual and c... more This study deals with the urban microgrid energy management that is dedicated to individual and collective self-consumption by providing flexibility to the distribution grid (DG). The proposed urban community microgrid is interconnected to a DG and it consists of an association of centralized storage units (called community energy storage system), community intermittent renewable generation, and intelligent energy management system (EMS). One of the main advantages of urban microgrid is that, in case of faults in the DG, it can cut existing interconnections and continue to supply the responsible community in the island mode. In this study, the developed urban microgrid EMS is based on the predictive control management through the day-ahead optimal power flow (DA-OPF) strategy. The main contributions of this work can be defined by two points. The first point is related to a development of the DA-OPF strategy for the urban microgrid based on the intelligent deep learning data forecasting and the mixed-integer nonlinear programming optimization methods. The second point concerns a development of an optimization function integrating the concept of ancillary services of DG flexibility. Experimental results and economical evaluation are presented in this article. By using the proposed strategies, it results in an important electricity price reduction for the considered urban microgrid, compared to a conventional distribution system and basic operation schemes.
Energies, 2019
This paper studies a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) as a reliable source of the power supp... more This paper studies a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) as a reliable source of the power supply in the case of the connection to the grid. The grid connection imposes restrictions to the power delivered and harmonic content on the HRES. This causes the HRES to use multiple control systems and subsystems, as the normalization of the measurements, the current control, active harmonic compensation, synchronization, etc., described in this paper. Particular attention was paid to interactions in the storage system of the HRES. The durability of the HRES can be increased by the combination of the supercapacitors and batteries. This requires a power management solution for controlling the energy storage system. The aim of the supercapacitors is to absorb/inject the high-frequency fluctuations of the power and to smooth out the power of the batteries system of the HRES. This can be possible owing to the use of a low-pass second order filter, explained in this paper, which separates the ...
Construction and Building Materials, 2018
h i g h l i g h t s An eco-friendly material was prepared to enhance the heat capacity of buildin... more h i g h l i g h t s An eco-friendly material was prepared to enhance the heat capacity of buildings. Coconut fat was found as a suitable bio-based PCM for TES in building envelopes. Recycled cardboards and natural clay powder were used to prepare the PCM's matrix. The prepared material shows the potential for enhancing thermal inertia of building envelopes.
Different Phase Change Material Implementations for Thermal Energy Storage
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2015
This paper presents the principal methods available for phase change material (PCM) implementatio... more This paper presents the principal methods available for phase change material (PCM) implementation in different storage applications. The first part is devoted to a non-exhaustive overview of the various chemical processes used to develop stable PCM (such as microencapsulation, emulsion polymerization or suspension polycondensation, polyaddition, etc.) based on the available literature. The second part deals with shape-stabilized PCM, developed from an intimate combination of a polymer matrix and a phase change element. Materials able to include more thermal energy as usual ones are interesting as they increase the thermal inertia of the system that presents by this way advantages. The energy efficiency of buildings may be improved including PCMs that store and provide enthalpy from one hand and without any significant temperature modification during the phase change process on the other hand. If the solid phase of the PCM does not present any problem, it is not the same for the liquid phase which must be maintained mechanically at its assigned location. Furthermore, the PCM in the solid (and furthermore in the liquid phase) does not have mechanical properties which allow to use it as a structural material able to support charge loads. This paper presents different methods to distribute and maintain the PCM in the thermal solid matrix.
National audienceDans le cadre d’une dynamique initiée dans les années 70 en raison du premier ch... more National audienceDans le cadre d’une dynamique initiée dans les années 70 en raison du premier choc pétrolier, renforcée par le processus de transition environnementale et énergétique formalisé en réponse au réchauffement climatique et à la dégradation de la qualité environnementale, le concept de Bâtiment à Énergie Positive (BEPOS) a émergé en 2013 comme un label (non obligatoire) sur la base de la réglementation thermique RT2012 et des exigences Effinergie+; la construction neuve sera obligatoirement en BEPOS en 2020 (2018 pour les bâtiments publics). L’augmentation des exigences réglementaires entraîne un besoin en forte croissance d’innovation et de formation en matière d’énergie et de bâtiment, pour aboutir aux bâtiments BEPOS, entités « produisant » plus d’énergie que ce qu’elles « consomment ». Les bâtiments ont dans le passé parfois été considérés comme des objets scientifiquement pauvres, en tous cas pour ce qui concerne l’énergie, et délaissés alors par les politiques scie...
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2019
This work shows a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) and the management technique of power inj... more This work shows a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) and the management technique of power injection into the grid or into a load. A three-phase system is used to connect the HRES with the grid and the consumer. This case takes the two principal modes of the HRES operation into account: The off-grid and the grid connected modes. They require different systems of power management and control of the three-phase inverter. The objective of the three-phase inverter is to exchange the power between the outside part of the HRES, as the consumer and the grid, and the inside part as the systems of photovoltaic (PV) production and the storage. This paper shows the multipurpose techniques of control of the voltage in the off-grid mode, and the control of the current in the mode of grid connection with the synchronization with the grid voltage, and the practical verification.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolving Cities, 2022
This research presents an example of the energy transition process application on conventional Fr... more This research presents an example of the energy transition process application on conventional French urban communities and particularly, its possible integration into the Urban Communities Smart Grids (UCSG). For this, it was chosen one of typical urban community - Alfortville (94140), Paris region, France. The aim is to define all UCSG components and the adapted UCSG structure for the further application of the efficient, renewable, economic and resilient Day-Ahead Optimal Power Flow (DA-OPF) energy management, giving the opportunity to get additional distribution grid flexibility. The integration of UCSG’s DA-OPF management requires the centralized control and involves the integration of centralized battery storage systems (CESS) and distributed PV generation. It was determined the optimal penetration rate and size of distributed PV and CESS. The final considered UCSG simplified scheme and its components was defined. The efficient DA-OPF management strategy was applied on the o...
Energies, 2020
In this paper, an innovative method for managing a smart-community microgrid (SCM) with a central... more In this paper, an innovative method for managing a smart-community microgrid (SCM) with a centralized electrical storage system (CESS) is proposed. The method consists of day-ahead optimal power flow (DA–OPF) for day-ahead SCM managing and its subsequent evaluation, considering forecast uncertainties. The DA–OPF is based on a data forecast system that uses a deep learning (DL) long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The OPF problem is formulated as a mathematical mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. Following this, the developed DA–OPF strategy was evaluated under possible operations, using a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The MCS allowed us to obtain potential deviations of forecasted data during possible day-ahead operations and to evaluate the impact of the data forecast errors on the SCM, and that of unit limitation and the emergence of critical situations. Simulation results on a real existing rural conventional community endowed with a centralized community renewab...
Environment, Energy and Climate Change I
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2015
Mechanical Properties and Melting Heat Transfer Characteristics of Shape-Stabilized Paraffin Slurry
Experimental Heat Transfer, 2013
ABSTRACT This article is presented in the framework of the increasing interest for the use of lat... more ABSTRACT This article is presented in the framework of the increasing interest for the use of latent heat transfer slurries for cooling processes. Paraffin serves as a latent heat storage material, and a polymer network acts as the supporting material. The phase change material melts around 7◦C with a latent heat of fusion of 115 kJ/kg. Differential scanning calorimetry and indentation analysis were employed to investigate the thermal properties and mechanical stability of the material under freezing–thawing cycles. Results indicated that the form-stable phase change material with the advantages of no liquid leakage constitutes a potential material in the field of low-temperature thermal energy storage. Experimental investigation is made to study the melting process of a single slurry in an agitated bath. Analysis of data permits the development of a phenomenological correlation adapted to the millimetric dimension of the particle, leading to an estimation of the melting phase change time duration as a function of the main parameters of the problem.
Grid Synchronization and Injection Control of HRES Power Generation
2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2018
This paper presents the different approaches of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) injection... more This paper presents the different approaches of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) injection power management. The HRES is connected to the Grid and to the Consumer by using a three-phase system. The two main operation states of the HRES are the Grid connected and OffGrid modes. Two different systems of control and management of the three-phase inverter of the HRES are needed. This inverter is responsible for power exchange between interior part of the HRES, as the PV production and the Storage system, and the external part, as the Three-phase system of HRES and the Consumer. The work describes the method of voltage control in the Off-grid mode, and the current control in the Grid connected mode with voltage synchronization with practical validation.
Información tecnológica, 2020
En base a simulaciones térmicas dinámicas con el software EnergyPlus se propone un módulo experim... more En base a simulaciones térmicas dinámicas con el software EnergyPlus se propone un módulo experimental de un espacio habitable para el poblado de Imata, Perú, a 4519 msnm, con condiciones climáticas severas de muy bajas temperaturas. Se realizó simulaciones para cinco configuraciones del módulo, añadiendo sucesivamente componentes bioclimáticas, tales como mejoras en el aislamiento de la envolvente, tragaluz e invernadero adosado. Para el mes de más bajas temperaturas, la temperatura media en el módulo de mejor configuración es 11 °C superior a la temperatura media en el módulo correspondiente a espacios habitables típicos de Imata. La temperatura nocturna promedia mínima es 18.4 °C superior a la correspondiente temperatura exterior (-4 °C). Para mantener en el interior una temperatura de 16.3 °C (modelo adaptivo), se requiere, en promedio anual, una energía diaria de 12 kWh para el módulo típico y 1 kWh para el mejor diseño.
Energies from new resources and the climate change
Part I: Solar and Wind Energy Recursive Estimation Methods to Forecast Short-Term Solar Irradiati... more Part I: Solar and Wind Energy Recursive Estimation Methods to Forecast Short-Term Solar Irradiation A. Martin, Juan R. Trapero Technical and environmental analysis of parabolic trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies G. San Miguel, B. Corona, J. Servert, D. Lopez, E. Cerrajero, F. Gutierrez, M. Lasheras Wind power forecast error probabilistic model using Markov Chains S. Martin Martinez, A. Honrubia Escribano, M. Canas Carreton, V. Guerrero Mestre and E. Gomez Lazaro Part II: Energy Storage Energy Storage Integration with Renewable Energies: the Case of Concentration Photovoltaic Systems Carlos de la Cruz, Monica Baptista Lema, Xavier del Toro Garcia, Pedro Roncero-Sanchez Batteries and Ultracapacitors based Energy Storage in Renewable Multi-Sources Systems Mahamadou Abdou Tankari, Gilles Lefebvre Different Phase Change Materials Implementations for Thermal Energy Storage Mustapha Karkri, Gilles Lefebvre, Laurent Royon Part III: Biomass Bio-refineries: an Overview on Bio...
Comportement thermique dynamique des parois planes
Un bâtiment est, essentiellement, un ensemble de volumes d'air separes par des parois. La con... more Un bâtiment est, essentiellement, un ensemble de volumes d'air separes par des parois. La connaissance du comportement thermique d'une paroi en reponse a des sollicitations diverses est donc utile a la comprehension du comportement thermique d'un bâtiment dans son ensemble. On pourra constater dans le chapitre B 2041 Comportement thermique dynamique des bâtiments que celui-ci resulte du couplage du comportement de chacun de ses composants. Les methodes de simulation et d'analyse s'appuient ainsi sur celles qui permettent de resoudre localement, dans chacun des composants, les equations de transfert de chaleur. Nous allons passer ici en revue les methodes les plus courantes ou importantes et tenter d'en presenter les caracteristiques principales; le lecteur pourra ainsi par la suite evaluer la pertinence et les limites des methodes qu'il aura a utiliser, explicitement ou non, dand les outils de calcul, d'aide a la conception ou au diagnostic. On commen...
Evaluating Residential Battery Energy Storage Systems for Up and Down-Regulation
2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 2020
This study presents a method to consider residential Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) for p... more This study presents a method to consider residential Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) for providing Ancillary Services (ASs). Residential prosumers with Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) can use BESS to increase the local self-consumption. To obtain additional benefits, BESSs can also be managed to provide ASs. This brings additional benefits to prosumers and provides additional flexibility to the Distribution Grid (DG). As individual participation in the electricity market is not economically feasible, prosumers should be aggregated and operated by a local aggregator. The aggregator intercommunicates with the System Operator (SO), analyses the possibility of auxiliary services provision, and can make an offer/bid to the Ancillary Service Market (ASM). Once the offer/bid is accepted, the aggregator can operate the BESSs of the prosumers accordingly. This study analyses the economic attractiveness of prosumers' participation in the up and down-regulation.
Evaluation of residential up and down-regulation participation for additional flexibility of distribution grid: French case
2021 10th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA), 2021
This article deals with the world energy transition process and in particular with the European t... more This article deals with the world energy transition process and in particular with the European target to reach the distributions grids additional flexibility. It introduces notions of flexibility, its advantages and the actual crucial utility for the distribution grid, also as new sources of flexibility thought demand side ancillary services. Due to the distributed renewable energy deployment, smaller and smaller consumers become prosumers and can also provide additional electricity or ancillary services to the distribution grid among conventional and centralized sources. Actual research studied application of previously presented the up and down-regulation flexibility ancillary services algorithm for the prosumer’s battery energy storage system participation. The practical evaluation applied this algorithm on the real prosumers case, situated in the Paris region, France, with the aim to evaluate the attractiveness, feasibility and practicability of ancillary services participation in the current French legislation frameworks. The technical and economic analysis of the real data evaluation presents from one side the economical attractiveness of this service participation for the considered real prosumer without degradation of its battery storage lifetime. From another side, it allows the distribution grid to achieve much needed additional flexibility.
Comparison of integer and fractional order controller of battery discharge based DC-DC converter
2016 17th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA), 2016
This paper deals with the battery energy management for the case of isolated locations when they ... more This paper deals with the battery energy management for the case of isolated locations when they are equipped by wind turbines using energy storage devices. To cover the shortfall or the overflow of those kind of generation caused suddenly by the wind variation, the energy storage device is a necessity to improve our isolated wind farm. From this condition a great part of the energy distribution is managed at the DC form the batteries. Those later are linked via DC-DC converters. The main idea of this paper is focused on DC-Bus voltage and currents control based on the fractional order PID. So a fractional order and integer order PID are applied. Their performance in the case of DC/DC converter for batteries discharging. PID controller is used to enhance output characteristics of the converter and a fractional order controller is proposed to achieve best performance to maintain stability of the dc link. The proposed control has been investigated through Matlab/Simulink environment.
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Papers by Gilles Lefebvre (upec)