Ilhem Kallel

Self-Organizing Multirobot Exploration through Counter-Ant Algorithm

Springer eBooks, 2008

This paper presents an evolving method for a self-organizing multirobot exploration of an unknown... more This paper presents an evolving method for a self-organizing multirobot exploration of an unknown environment. In such problem, a big consideration is given to the coordination behavior of robots in order to achieve the common tasks in an optimal way. Ant algorithms are proved to be very useful in solving such distributed control problems. We present here a modified version of the known ant algorithm, called Counter-Ant Algorithm (CAA). Indeed, the robots'collective behavior is based on repulsion instead of attraction to pheromone, which is a chemical matter open to evaporation and representing the core of ants' cooperation. A series of experimentations with MINDSTORMS LEGO robots, and simulations under Madkit platform, in laboratory conditions similar to real ones, show the usefulness of our algorithm for self-organizing and cooperative exploration.

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Computational Complexity Analysis of Ant Colony Clustering Algorithms: Application to Student’s Grouping Problem

2022 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2022

The task of assessing, grouping and arranging data into meaningful groups or clusters based on th... more The task of assessing, grouping and arranging data into meaningful groups or clusters based on their similarities/dissimilarities measures known as cluster analysis. Thereby, there are numerous clustering algorithms: hierarchical and partitional. In the last decade, clustering using bio-inspired algorithms received more attention, specifically the ant clustering algorithms. Regardless, they have required a lot of processing power due to the massive amount of data that has been generated during the last years. As a consequence, determining the computational cost of these algorithms is one of the most interesting tasks in the quest for optimal clustering solutions in a real-time system. This study presents a research guide for the researchers working in the same field. A series of experiments are elaborated to investigate the computational complexity of the most promising algorithms applied to students grouping problem. The results indicate two challenges that arise when using ant clustering algorithms: the difficulty in adjusting parameters and extended computation time.

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Counter-ant algorithm for evolving multirobot collaboration

The use of multirobot systems, is affecting our society in a fundamental way; from their use in h... more The use of multirobot systems, is affecting our society in a fundamental way; from their use in hazardous environments, to their application in automated environmental cleanup. In an unknown environment, one of the most important problem related to multirobot systems, is to decide how to coordinate actions in order to achieve tasks in an optimal way. Ant algorithms are proved to be very useful in solving such distributed control problems. We introduce in this paper a modified version of the known ant algorithm, called Counter-Ant Algorithm (CAA). Indeed, the robots' collaborative behaviour is based on repulsion instead of attraction to pheromone, which is a chemical matter open to evaporation and representing the core of ants' cooperation. In order to test the performance of our CAA, we implement, simulate and test our algorithm in a generic multirobot environment. In practical terms, the subdivision of the cleaning space is achieved in emergent and evolving way. A series of simulations show the usefulness of our algorithm for adaptive and cooperative cleanup.

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Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Ant Colony based Clustering: Application for Student Grouping in Collaborative Learning Environment

IEEE Access

Clustering analysis is one of the data analysis techniques that organizes items into clusters acc... more Clustering analysis is one of the data analysis techniques that organizes items into clusters according to their degrees of similarities. In this context, bio-inspired algorithms have found success in solving clustering problems.Inspired by nature, Ant Colony based Clustering arises from ant colony behavior in organizing nests and clustering ants corpses. Accordingly, several researchers proposed different clustering algorithms that mimic the real ants behavior in forming cemeteries. However, the performance of a given algorithm depends strongly on its parameters settings. Indeed, it holds a large number of adjustable parameters that need to be instantiated by suitable values. In this paper, we study the parameters influence, more precisely the parameter α which is responsible for adjusting similarity between objects. In fact, we analyze the impact of α values on the performance of some well known Ant Colony based Clustering Algorithms applied to constructing team-works in a collaborative learning environment. After various bench tests, the choice of α value is determined based on the best algorithm accuracy for each learning data-set. The experimental results prove that Ant Colony algorithms performance strongly depends on α, especially when applied to high-dimensional data-sets. However, α has a negligible influence on the algorithm's accuracy when applied to low-dimensional data-sets. Obviously, the feature selection step could be ignored since it has a negligible influence on the algorithm performance even with different values of α.

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Association Rules Mining for Reducing Items from Emotion Regulation Questionnaires

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2022

Investigating Keystroke Dynamics and Their Relevance for Real-Time Emotion Recognition

SSRN Electronic Journal

EmoSurv: A typing biometric (Keystroke dynamics) dataset with emotion labels created using computer keyboards

EmoSurv is a dataset containing keystroke data along with emotion labels. Timing and frequency da... more EmoSurv is a dataset containing keystroke data along with emotion labels. Timing and frequency data is recorded while participants are typing free and fixed texts before and after being induced specific emotions. These emotions are: Anger, Happiness, Calmness, Sadness, and Neutral state.First, data is collected while the participant is in a neutral state. Then, the participant watches an eliciting video. Once the emotion is induced in the participant, he types another fixed and free text.EmoSurv dataset is collected after developing a dynamic web application, also named EmoSurv application, and sharing it via e-mail, Facebook, and word of mouth.We named it EmoSurv as our objective is to investigate on Human's emotional states while typing on a keyboard. While collecting data, we made sure that only trials using physical keyboards are accepted. A total of 124 participants visited EmoSurv and logged information.Kindly cite our paper when you wish to use this dataset: Maalej and I....

Towards a fuzzy multiagent tutoring system for M-learners' emotion regulation

2017 16th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2017

An intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer-based instructional system, involving intellig... more An intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer-based instructional system, involving intelligent algorithms and strategies, which brings a remarkable progress in the learning processes when the internet is “always on”. In fact, ITS makes inferences about a student's proficiency level in order to dynamically adapt the learning content or the tutoring style. Around the same time, emotions, whether positive or negative, affect the learning process. Accordingly, the regulation of learners' negative emotional state, is an imperious factor in learning, in order to optimize learners' performances and to improve learning productivity during an ITS episode. Firstly, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on strategies for regulating the emotional state of learners in the point of view of (a) emotion recognition, (b) emotion modelling, (c) emotion recognition theories, and (d) emotion recognition approaches and methods. Secondly, the paper proposes a new intelligent method, and presents its architecture as a Fuzzy Emotional Regulation for ITS distributed under the Multiagent Approach. This architecture will be used to generate an Emotionally Intelligent Tutoring Sys-tem (EITS) allowing learner to achieve his educational purpose adaptively, anywhere and at any time.

Emotion Regulation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE)

Emotion regulation (ER) is a process responsible for altering emotions’ reactions and expressions... more Emotion regulation (ER) is a process responsible for altering emotions’ reactions and expressions as well as situations that simulate such feelings to better respond to environmental issues.Hence, ER is actually a mere mental and behavioral process that many of us already perform consciously and unconsciously. In this issue, with the imperious role of emotions in learning process which they crucially influence student’s cognitive performances and academic outcomes, several researchers proposed different methods and tools for regulating learners’ negative emotions while learning in online environment. In the present paper, we discuss the current and original research works that apply different strategies and methods for emotion regulation in different smart environments (i.e., Intelligent Tutoring Systems) by adopting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach.

HMI Fuzzy Assessment of Complex Systems Usability

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2018

Testing and assessing are core activities in the development cycle of software applications, dedi... more Testing and assessing are core activities in the development cycle of software applications, dedicated to evaluating interactive products in order to improve their quality by identifying various usability problems and defects. For complex system such as multiagent ones, usability evaluation is still an issue, and requires new test techniques to assess autonomous and interactive behaviors. This paper deals with investigation about the evaluation of the Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) in Complex Systems: A review on evaluation methods and introduce domain-specific requirements is presented; A mechanism for the evaluation of HMI is proposed. Also, an implementation of an automatic tool dedicated to the assessment of complex interactive systems based on fuzzy logic approaches is explained; A solution to automate the evaluation of the HMI that reduces the need for expert assessment and fully integrates end-users into the HMI evaluation loop is suggested. These are assessed in the urban transit control room in the city of Valenciennes, France. The comparative study deals with acceptance, motivation and perceived happiness.

Emotion Regulation in Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 2020

Emotion regulation (ER) is a process responsible for altering emotions’ reactions and expressions... more Emotion regulation (ER) is a process responsible for altering emotions’ reactions and expressions as well as situations that simulate such feelings to better respond to environmental issues.Hence, ER is actually a mere mental and behavioral process that many of us already perform consciously and unconsciously. In this issue, with the imperious role of emotions in learning process which they crucially influence student’s cognitive performances and academic outcomes, several researchers proposed different methods and tools for regulating learners’ negative emotions while learning in online environment. In the present paper, we discuss the current and original research works that apply different strategies and methods for emotion regulation in different smart environments (i.e., Intelligent Tutoring Systems) by adopting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach.

Analyzing the Influence of the Arabic Handwriting Types on a Writer Identification

2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2021

Integrating Emotion Extraction from Text into Moodle E-learning Platform

2018 17th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2018

Emotions affect the learning and the performance of learners. They are considered as a part of th... more Emotions affect the learning and the performance of learners. They are considered as a part of the school daily life. Hence, currently, there is a variety of methods which aim to explore and extract emotions during the learning process. In addition, a multitude of e-learning platforms are built according to traditional (teacher-based) or collaborative (learner-based) approaches. The objective of this paper is to propose a solution that integrates the emotion extraction method in a chosen platform. We have previously justified the choice of Moodle as a platform and a method of emotion extraction based on the text given by the learner. As a perspective, this proposal will prepare an emotion extraction and regulation of the learners in order to improve their performances.

HMI Fuzzy Assessment of Complex Systems Usability

Testing and assessing are core activities in the development cycle of software applications, dedi... more Testing and assessing are core activities in the development cycle of software applications, dedicated to evaluating interactive products in order to improve their quality by identifying various usability problems and defects. For complex system such as multiagent ones, usability evaluation is still an issue, and requires new test techniques to assess autonomous and interactive behaviors. This paper deals with investigation about the evaluation of the Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) in Complex Systems: A review on evaluation methods and introduce domain-specific requirements is presented; A mechanism for the evaluation of HMI is proposed. Also, an implementation of an automatic tool dedicated to the assessment of complex interactive systems based on fuzzy logic approaches is explained; A solution to automate the evaluation of the HMI that reduces the need for expert assessment and fully integrates end-users into the HMI evaluation loop is suggested. These are assessed in the urban t...

Building Collaborative e-Learning Teams in a Smart Education Environment

Building Collaborative e-Learning Teams in a Smart Education Environment Abstract: Collaborative ... more Building Collaborative e-Learning Teams in a Smart Education Environment Abstract: Collaborative learning is a teaching method requiring to group students according to various ways and types, it is the most used approaches to arrange students for an effective learning in the classroom. However, with the large number of students in e-learning context, and their different settings, the task to establish cooperation and collaboration among them becomes harder and complex. Hence, several researchers proposed different approaches to overcome this diversity and find the best solution for building a good collaborative learning environment. In this context, this work discuss the Ant Colony optimisation (ACO) bio-inspired approaches and their added values in Data Analysis which leads us to assume the collaborative e-learning teams (CeLT) formation as a data clustering problem. Therefore, we analyse and discuss some ant clustering algorithms, and adapt the best one so it can be applied on an ...

Conversational agent for mobile-learning: A review and a proposal of a multilanguage text-to-speech agent, “MobiSpeech”

2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2016

The new Information, communication, and mobile technologies empower the users to learn anywhere a... more The new Information, communication, and mobile technologies empower the users to learn anywhere and anytime. They also need conversational systems that could be aware of their mobile context in order to adjust it dynamically. The actual research field is focusing on adaptive conversational systems, especially in the case of Mobile-learning. This paper presents a comparative study of some related works. Then, it proposes an M-learning architecture based on hybrid cooperative agents (mobile, conversational, cognitive), with the possibility integrating Multi-Language ontology for the development of a Conversational Agent (CA) speaking Multi-Language especially Arabic language. A prototype of text-to-speech mobile agent (MobiSpeech) is presented and discussed. MobiSpeech is intended for mobile users, and provide all services to read any text and any text file extension for the user while considering the existing context-awareness.

Selecting Relevant Educational Attributes for Predicting Students’ Academic Performance

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2018

Predicting students’ academic performance is one of the oldest and most popular applications of e... more Predicting students’ academic performance is one of the oldest and most popular applications of educational data mining. It helps to estimate the unknown evaluation of a student’s performance. However, a huge amount of data with different formats and from multiple sources may contain a large number of features supposed as not-relevant that could influence the prediction results. The main objective of this paper is to improve the effectiveness of a predictive model for students’ academic performance. For this purpose, we propose a methodology to carry out a comparative study for evaluating the influence of feature selection techniques on the prediction of students’ academic performance. In our study, F-measure parameter is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected techniques. Two real data sources are used in this work, Mathematics and language courses. The outcomes are compared and discussed in order to identify the technique that has the best influence for an accurate predictive model.

Towards a Bio-inspired ACO Approach for Building Collaborative Learning Teams

2018 17th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2018

Collaborative learning is an educational method used by teachers to impact learning in a positive... more Collaborative learning is an educational method used by teachers to impact learning in a positive way and enhance the learners’ performances. It can occur within a group of two or more students. Therefore, the learners’ grouping is an essential task for establishing collaboration and cooperation among them to achieve a common goal. However, with the increasing number of students as well as their different settings (academic, cognitive, emotional, social, etc.), the students grouping task becomes harder and more complex to build a good collaborative learn- ing environment. Hence, several researchers proposed different approaches for obtaining approximate solutions to handle this diversity and take advantages from it. In this context, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) to pinpoint the relevant research works that address the students grouping problem. We also we focus on the ACO bio-inspired approach to discuss its advantages and how students group formation can be initially constructed by ACO method. In accordance with this, we adapt and simulate an existing ACO algorithm with randomly generated data. The obtained results show an interesting starting point for further works in order to develop a new approach based on real educational data.

Teamwork construction in E-learning system: A systematic literature review

2016 15th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2016

With the increasing diversity of learners, forming suitable learning groups, in collaborative lea... more With the increasing diversity of learners, forming suitable learning groups, in collaborative learning, represents a complex and a time-consuming task. Several researchers focus on the theory of teamwork organizations, based on academic performances, learning styles, learning settings, gender, etc. Therefore, grouping learners based on their predicted academic performance level in each subject separately may be more effective in a collaborative learning environment, but it still a challenging subject. First of all, we present in this paper a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the relevant studies that address the problem of predicting academic performance and to extract the used data mining methods such as Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, etc. At the beginning, a set of 658 papers were selected. After applying the different SLR's steps, this selection has been filtered to 12 papers using specific selection criteria and a careful analysis of each paper. Then, the selected studies were used to answer the defined research questions. Finally, synthesis data, current research gaps and recommendations for further work are discussed in this paper.

Ranking criteria based on fuzzy ANP for assessing E-commerce web sites

2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2016

Assessing E-commerce web sites quality is essential not only to have recommendations for improvem... more Assessing E-commerce web sites quality is essential not only to have recommendations for improvement but also to make comparisons with competitors. In this paper, the aim is to know the best criteria for the evaluation and obtain a weight for them using fuzzy Analytic Network Process (fuzzy ANP). The subjective judgments of the decision maker are expressed by fuzzy numbers. The decision making problem is solved by making fuzzy pairwise comparisons and a feedback between the criteria.

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