Papers by Jessica Reinhold
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2008
Fibroblast growth factors interact with appropriate endothelial cell (EC) surface receptors and i... more Fibroblast growth factors interact with appropriate endothelial cell (EC) surface receptors and initiate intracellular signal cascades, which participate in modulating blood vessel growth. EC, upon exposure to basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs) undergo profound functional alterations, which depend on their actual sensitivity and involve gene expression and de novo protein synthesis. We investigated the effects of bFGF on signaling pathways of EA.hy926 cells in different environments. EC were cultured under normal gravity (1 g) and simulated microgravity (µg) using a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat. Microgravity induced early and late apoptosis, extracellular matrix proteins, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and TGF-β1 expression. Microgravity reduced eNOS mRNA within 24 h. Moreover, a six- to eightfold higher amount of IL-6 and IL-8 was secreted within 24 h µg. In addition, microgravity induced a duplication of NF-kappaB p50, while p65 was quadrupled. At 1 g, bFGF application (4 h) reduced ET-1, TGF-β1 and eNOS gene expression. After 24 h, bFGF enhanced fibronectin, VEGF, Flk-1, Flt-1, the release of IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β1. Furthermore, bFGF promoted apoptosis, reduced NFkB p50, but enhanced NFkB p65. After 4 h µg, bFGF decreased TGF-β1, eNOS, and ET-1 gene expression. After 24 h µg, bFGF elevated fibronectin, Flk-1 and Flt-1 protein, and reduced IL-6 and IL-8 compared with vehicle treated µg cultures. In µg, bFGF enhanced NF-KappaB p50 by 50%, Bax by 25% and attenuated p65, activation of caspase-3 and annexin V-positive cells. bFGF differently changes intracellular signals in ECs depending whether it is applied under microgravity or normal gravity conditions. In microgravity, bFGF contributes to protect the EC from apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1324–1341, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 2007
Background: To study the mortality among morbidly obese patients qualifying for bariatric surgery... more Background: To study the mortality among morbidly obese patients qualifying for bariatric surgery. Mortality from bariatric surgery for morbid obesity has been widely reported; however, little is known about the mortality in morbidly obese patients who defer surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients evaluated for bariatric surgery with an initial encounter between 1997 and 2004 were identified. The Social Security Death Index and office records were used to identify mortality through 2006. We conducted telephone interviews to determine whether the 305 patients who did not undergo bariatric surgery at our institution had undergone the surgery elsewhere. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we compared the mortality in patients undergoing surgery with that of those who did not. To evaluate bias resulting from missing data, we conducted analyses assuming that all patients with missing data had (1) undergone surgery and (2) not undergone surgery. Results: A total of 908 patients underwent bariatric surgery (880 patients at our institution and 28 patients elsewhere). A total of 112 patients did not undergo surgery. Data regarding surgery on 165 patients could not be obtained. The mortality in those patients who did not undergo surgery was 14.3% compared with 2.9% for those who did undergo surgery. Adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, patients who had undergone surgery had an 82% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.09 -0.35, P Ͻ.0001). Sensitivity analysis, assuming that all patients with missing data received surgery resulted in an 85% mortality reduction (P Ͻ.001) and assuming that patients did not receive surgery resulted in a 50% mortality reduction (P ϭ .04). Conclusions: Mortality among morbidly obese patients without surgery was 14.3% during the study period. Surgical intervention offered a 50%-85% mortality reduction benefit. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2007;3:73-77.)
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1965
1. This study dealt with the electro-clinical correlations of a rare waveform, the 6/sec spike an... more 1. This study dealt with the electro-clinical correlations of a rare waveform, the 6/sec spike and wave complex, usually seen maximal on the occipital areas, bilaterally synchronous and symmetrical against a normal background rhythm.2. The majority of these complexes appear in the resting record, but the activating procedures of hyperventilation, light sleep, and especially photic stimulation are all important to detect this abnormality.3. The 6/sec spike and wave complexes are seen mainly in white, young adult females. Head injury and excessive use of drugs seem to be important etiological factors.4. The clinical symptoms can be grouped into the following categories: (a) convulsive attacks (62%), especially grand mal seizures, (b) vegetative attacks (72%), especially headaches and syncope, and (c) psychiatric symptoms (78%).5. The possible relationship between the 6/sec spike and wave pattern and both the 3/sec spike and wave complex and the positive spike phenomenon was discussed.
Cytohesin-1 controls the activation of RhoA and modulates integrin-dependent adhesion and migration of dendritic cells
Blood, 2009
Adhesion and motility of mammalian leukocytes are essential requirements for innate and adaptive ... more Adhesion and motility of mammalian leukocytes are essential requirements for innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. We show here that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-1, which had previously been demonstrated to be an important component of beta-2 integrin activation in lymphocytes, regulates the activation of the small GTPase RhoA in primary dendritic cells (DCs). Cytohesin-1 and RhoA are both required for the induction of chemokine-dependent conformational changes of the integrin beta-2 subunit of DCs during adhesion under physiological flow conditions. Furthermore, use of RNAi in murine bone marrow DCs (BM-DCs) revealed that interference with cytohesin-1 signaling impairs migration of wild-type dendritic cells in complex 3D environments and in vivo. This phenotype was not observed in the complete absence of integrins. We thus demonstrate an essential role of cytohesin-1/RhoA during ameboid migration in the presence of integrins and further suggest that DCs without integrins switch to a different migration mode.
Acta Materialia
The cohesive fracture properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films i... more The cohesive fracture properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films in moist environments are reported. Films with stoichiometric compositions (C/Si ≈ 1) exhibited a decreasing cohesive fracture energy with decreasing film density similar to other silica-based hybrid organic–inorganic films. However, lower density a-SiC:H films with non-stoichiometric compositions (C/Si ≈ 5) exhibited much higher cohesive fracture energy than the films with higher density stoichiometric compositions. One of the non-stoichiometric films exhibited fracture energy (∼9.5 J m−2) greater than that of dense silica glasses. The increased fracture energy was due to crack-tip plasticity, as demonstrated by significant pileup formation during nanoindentation and a fracture energy dependence on film thickness. The a-SiC:H films also exhibited a very low sensitivity to moisture-assisted cracking compared with other silica-based hybrid films. A new atomistic fracture model is presented to describe the observed moisture-assisted cracking in terms of the limited Si
Equivalence of kinetic theories
We discuss the equivalence of two non-equilibrium kinetic theories, which describe the evolution ... more We discuss the equivalence of two non-equilibrium kinetic theories, which describe the evolution of a dilute, Bose-Einstein condensed atomic gas in a harmonic trap. The second order JILA kinetic equations(R. Walser, J. Cooper, and M. Holland, Phys. Rev. A 63), 013607 (2001). reduce to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the quantum Boltzmann equation in the respective limits. They are thus capable of describing the system in equilibrium (finite temperature) as well as in non-equilibrium (real time). We have found this theory to be equivalent to the non-equilibrium Green's function approach originally proposed by Kadanoff and Baym and more recently applied to inhomogeneous trapped systems by M. Imamović-Tomasović and A. Griffin(M. Imamović)-Tomasović and A. Griffin, in Progress in Nonequilibrium Green's Functions, edited by M. Bonitz (World Scientific, Singapore, 2000), p. 404, arXiv:cond-mat/9911402..
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Papers by Jessica Reinhold