Simple Obligation and Right Model (SORM) – for the Runtime Management of Electronic Service Contracts
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004
Abstract. Online purchase and delivery of goods and services requires an elec-tronic contracting ... more Abstract. Online purchase and delivery of goods and services requires an elec-tronic contracting process. Formalization of contractual content enables auto-matic delivery of services and monitoring of the terms and conditions of the contract at service runtime. The Simple Obligation and ...
Recently there has been much criticism in the AI community that knowledge based systems are not s... more Recently there has been much criticism in the AI community that knowledge based systems are not situated. We argue that trying to provide for situatedness in a conventional system will lead to the so called model explosion cycle and that for most application environments adaptivity is needed for situated behavior. Cooperative systems are a solution to the model explosion cycle where adaptivity is delegated to the user. A hybrid symbolic/connectionist system offers self tuning ca pabilities (and therefore adaptivity) but can't cope with the model explosion cycle. Integrating both approaches into a cooperative hybrid system leads to a much more situated behavior than conventional systems can achieve. Our approach is illustrated using a real-life expert system in the domain of technical troubleshooting. Ongoing practical tests indicate that a cooperative hybrid design presents an attractive architecture for knowledge based systems.
Recommending as personalized teaching: towards credible needs-based ecommerce recommender systems
Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks, 2004
Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM ha... more Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references. ... Ariely, D. (2000) Controlling the Information Flow: Effects on Consumers' Decision Making ...
ABSTRACT Current electronic product catalogs support only Hard Navigation in the product list. Pr... more ABSTRACT Current electronic product catalogs support only Hard Navigation in the product list. Products or product categories are displayed only if they match a criterion that a user has specified explicitly as a constraint or implicitly by following a navigation link. Hard navigation is problematic if users want to express soft preferences instead of hard constraints. Users will make sub-optimal buying decisions if they mistake soft preferences for hard requirements and focus only on products that match all their preferences. Soft Navigation is an alternative means to navigate product catalogs. Users express preferences which are used to evaluate products and display them in such a way that higher-scoring products are more visible than lower-scoring products. This paper presents a product scoring catalog (PSC) that supports soft navigation and allows users to express preferences and rate their importance by following a set of rules. The paper closes by outlining possible extensions to PSC and indicating research issues related to soft navigation product catalogs.
An emerging practice in e-commerce systems is to conduct interviews with buyers in order to ident... more An emerging practice in e-commerce systems is to conduct interviews with buyers in order to identify their needs. The goal of such an interview is to determine sets of products that match implicit requirements. Decision trees structure the interview process by defining which question follows a given answer. One problem related to decision trees is that changes in the selling strategy or product mix require complex tree restructuring efforts. In this paper we present a framework that represents the selling strategy as a set of parameters, reflecting the preferences of sellers and buyers. This representation of the strategy can be used to generate optimized decision trees in an iterative process, which exploits information about historical buyer behavior. Furthermore, the framework also supports advanced optimization strategies such as minimizing the user exit risk and reasoning about the set of proposed products.
Building human-centered intelligent cooperative information systems with IKEA
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1992
We present a methodology for human-centered development of intelligent cooperative systems. Accor... more We present a methodology for human-centered development of intelligent cooperative systems. According to this methodology systems are built as human-computer cooperative systems where the user becomes one of the cooperating agents in the system. For the ...
International Journal on Digital Libraries, Jul 1, 2000
Current electronic product catalogs support only hard navigation in the product list. Products or... more Current electronic product catalogs support only hard navigation in the product list. Products or product categories are displayed only if they match a criterion that a user has specified explicitly as a constraint or implicitly by following a navigation link. Hard navigation is problematic if users want to express soft preferences instead of hard constraints. Users will make suboptimal buying decisions if they mistake soft preferences for hard requirements and focus only on products that match all their preferences. Soft navigation is an alternative means to navigate product catalogs. Users express preferences which are used to evaluate products and display them in such a way that higher-scoring products are more visible than lower-scoring products. This paper presents a product scoring catalog (PSC) that supports soft navigation and allows users to express preferences and rate their importance by following a set of rules. The paper closes by outlining possible extensions to PSC and indicating research issues related to soft navigation product catalogs.
Introduction to the Workshop on Business-Driven Enterprise Application Design & Implementation
Proceedings, Jul 1, 2008
Abstract A critical success factor for enterprise application development is to get the systems s... more Abstract A critical success factor for enterprise application development is to get the systems specifications validated early in the planning and development process. Specification errors that are identified early on in the process are easier and less costly to fix. However, all too frequently business users only discover the impact of specifications once a system is deployed. It is therefore important to provide business users with representations of the future system that enable them to quickly catch the ramifications of current application ...
Agile Development of Workflow Applications with Interpreted Task Models
Springer eBooks, Nov 22, 2007
We demonstrate that the development of interactive workflow applications can be made easier by pr... more We demonstrate that the development of interactive workflow applications can be made easier by providing developers with custom user interface components that interpret a workflow task model. This enables occasional developers to create workflow applications by adapting template data objects, template user interface pages, and a template workflow task definition. The resulting interactive workflow system is open to agile adaptation
RxJS is a popular library to implement data-flow-oriented applications with JavaScript using reac... more RxJS is a popular library to implement data-flow-oriented applications with JavaScript using reactive programming principles. This way of programming bears new challenges for traditional debuggers: Their focus on imperative programming limits their applicability to problems originated in the declarative programming paradigm. The goals of this paper are: (i) to understand how software engineers debug RxJS-based applications, what tools do they use, what techniques they apply; (ii) to understand what are the most prevalent challenges they face while doing so; and (iii) to provide a course of action to resolve these challenges in a future iteration on the topic. We learned about the debugging habits of ten professionals using interviews, and hands-on war story reports. Based on this data, we designed and executed an observational study with four subjects to verify that engineers predominantly augment source code with manual trace logs instead of using specialized debugging utilities. In the end, we identified the lack of fully integrated RxJS-specific debugging solutions in existing development environments as the most significant reason why engineers do not make use of such tools. We decided to elaborate on how to resolve this situation in our future work.
During a two-day objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), we compared two types of check... more During a two-day objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), we compared two types of checklists for student performance ratings: paper & pencil vs. digital checklists on iPads. Several subjective and objective measures from 10 examiners were collected and computed. Data showed that digital checklists were perceived as significantly more usable and less exertive and were also preferred in overall ratings. Assessments completed with digital checklists were found to have no missing items while assessments completed with paper checklists contained more than 8 blank items on average. Finally, checklist type did not influence assessment scores even though when using digital checklists more item-choice changes were produced.
Customer relationship management, one-to-one marketing, recommendation systems, and real-time cli... more Customer relationship management, one-to-one marketing, recommendation systems, and real-time click mining are common means to create a personalised customer interaction in today's e-Commerce. However, one major aspect of customisation and adaptation has thus far been neglected-one buyer might assume multiple shopping roles. Searching for a present for an 11-yearold daughter leads to a different preference profile than evaluating workstations for the purchasing department. This paper proposes the shopping gate-a site on the Internet where buyers can create and maintain different roles with specific preference profiles. Before going on an electronic shopping trip, a buyer can pass the shopping gate, choose the appropriate role and take the corresponding preference profile along to the merchants 'on the way', thus entering these shops with a role-specific 'skin'. Our prototype implementation of the shopping gate server, role representation, and protocol is based on open standards such as the platform for privacy preferences (P3P) and XML Schema.
It will be shown why expert systems should no longer be designed as autonomous problem-solvers bu... more It will be shown why expert systems should no longer be designed as autonomous problem-solvers but as cooperative systems. A methodology for designing these cooperative expert systems will be presented that combines methods from cognitive engineering with a popular knowledge acquisition approach, namely the the use of task level frameworks. A real world example from the domain of technical troubleshooting will be used to illustrate the four main steps of the methodology.
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Papers by Markus Stolze