International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The literature has mainly focused on the impact of the negative aspects of the couple’s relations... more The literature has mainly focused on the impact of the negative aspects of the couple’s relationship on the toddler’s internalizing and externalizing problems. This study explored the impact of the positive and negative dimensions of the couple’s relationship during the transition to parenthood on toddlers’ psychological adjustment, considering the concurrent impact of the couple’s relationship at 30 months postpartum. The sample comprised 115 mothers and fathers (N = 230) recruited during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. The mothers and fathers individually completed a measure of the couple’s relationship (Relationship Questionnaire) during the first trimester of pregnancy, at 3 and 30 months postpartum, and the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 at 30 months postpartum. Multiple linear regressions, cluster analyses, and univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were conducted. The positive dimension at the 1st trimester of pregnancy and the negative dimension of the couple’s rel...
Resumen The tobacco is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Hospi... more Resumen The tobacco is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Hospitalization of these patients gives us an excellent opportunity to help them to quit smoking. However, few studies have evaluated what type of intervention is most effective for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review treatments for smoking cessation that have been applied to patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease in the last decade, in order to determine their effectiveness and establish what would be most appropriate. To achieve this, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco registration Addiction Group and the databases Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and CSIC. As a consequence, 16 studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were found, although treatments components and intensity differ greatly from one study to another. It was concluded that while brief advice increases cessation compared with no intervention, the most effective interventions are those of greater inten...
En este estudio se analiza la evolución del consumo de tabaco en los estudiantes de Psicología de... more En este estudio se analiza la evolución del consumo de tabaco en los estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela en un período de diez años (1986-2006). Se evalúa, además, el grado de conocimiento e influencia en el consumo de la Ley 28/2005 de medidas sanitarias frente al tabaquismo. Administramos un cuestionario anónimo a una muestra representativa de estudiantes de primero a quinto curso de Psicología en cuatro ocasiones. En el curso 1996-1997 (N= 835) afirman ser fumadores diarios el 34.6% de la muestra; en el 1999-2000 (N= 842) el 35.2%; en el 2003-2004 (N= 835) el 31.9% y en el 2006-2007 (N= 688) el 22.8%. Además, en la última evaluación, el 97.1% de la muestra dice tener conocimiento de la Ley 28/2005 y el 41.9% de los fumadores afirma que la Ley le influyó de alguna forma en su consumo. Aunque a nivel global la prevalencia de consumo actual es similar a la de hace 10 años, se observa un cambio en el perfil de los fumadores. Este cambio de perfil se ...
Smoking cessation interventions with inpatients for a cardiovascular disease: A literature review
DESCRIPTION The tobacco is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. H... more DESCRIPTION The tobacco is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Hospitalization of these patients gives us an excellent opportunity to help them to quit smoking. However, few studies have evaluated what type of intervention is most effective for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review treatments for smoking cessation that have been applied to patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease in the last decade, in order to determine their effectiveness and establish what would be most appropriate. To achieve this, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco registration Addiction Group and the databases Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and CSIC. As a consequence, 16 studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were found, although treatments components and intensity differ greatly from one study to another. It was concluded that while brief advice increases cessation compared with no intervention, the most effective interventions are those of greater i...
Spanish Brief Version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire: PRAQ-20
Clínica y Salud
The aim of this study is to obtain a Spanish brief version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Quest... more The aim of this study is to obtain a Spanish brief version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire and analyse its psychometric properties. A longitudinal study was carried out on a sample of 569 Spanish pregnant women with normal risk status. Participants were assessed in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy by using a socio-demographic and obstetric-gynaecological questionnaire, the PRAQ-55, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. PRAQ-55 items with factorial loads > .50 were selected resulting in a final scale of 20 items. A cut-off point ≥ 67 (85th percentile) was used to identify women with high pregnancy-specific anxiety. The findings revealed that PRAQ-20 can be considered a useful screening tool in clinical practice to assess pregnancy-related anxiety in both nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women.
Depressive symptoms and automatic negative thoughts as predictors of suicidal ideation in Mexican adolescents
Salud mental
Introduction. Since little is known about the factors associated with suicidal ideation in adoles... more Introduction. Since little is known about the factors associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents, identifying them is important for developing suitable preventive strategies. Objective. To analyze the variables associated with the presence of suicidal ideation, as well as the predictive power of depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts. Method. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 409 students between the ages of 15 and 19 randomly selected in a public school in the State of Mexico. An ad hoc questionnaire that gathered information on sociodemographic and psychological variables and substance use, the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CESD-R), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-30), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) were administered. Results. From the total of the sample, 14.9% presented suicidal ideation. A positive, significant association was observed between the latter and gender, having divorced pa...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
This study analyzed the possible interaction effects between tobacco consumption and anxiety or d... more This study analyzed the possible interaction effects between tobacco consumption and anxiety or depression during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal health. We recruited a sample of 807 pregnant Spanish women from public healthcare services. Women completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, health status and tobacco consumption (continuous, quitting or no consumption) in the first and third trimester of pregnancy and at 2 months postpartum, and self-reported measures of anxiety and depression in the first trimester. Abstinence of tobacco consumption was verified through biochemical measurements. Interaction effects between tobacco consumption and anxiety were found for delivery (p < 0.001), neonatal health complications (p = 0.026) and gestational age at birth (p = 0.029). Interaction effects between tobacco consumption and depression were found for pregnancy (p = 0.032), delivery complications (p < 0.001) and weeks of gestation at birth (p = 0.031). This study su...
Objectives This study aimed to analyse depression and anxiety symptoms changes from the first to ... more Objectives This study aimed to analyse depression and anxiety symptoms changes from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy in non-smokers versus quitters versus continuous smokers, and the contribution of depression and anxiety symptoms to continued tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Methods The sample comprises 850 Spanish pregnant women (595 non-smokers, 123 quitters, and 132 continuous smokers), assessed at the first and the third trimester of pregnancy with a questionnaire concerning socio-demographic, obstetric, and tobacco consumption information, and measures of depression and anxiety. Results Continuous smokers during pregnancy showed more depression and anxiety symptoms than both non-smokers and quitters and no changes from the first trimester to the third trimester of pregnancy, while both non-smokers and quitters revealed a decrease in depression and anxiety symptoms. More anxiety symptoms at the first trimester (OR 1.03) and depression symptoms at the third trimester (OR 1.14) were associated with continued smoking during pregnancy. Conclusions Anxiety and depression symptoms need to be considered to screening for women at risk of smoking during pregnancy. Future prenatal smoking cessation interventions must take into account these variables.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ)
The Spanish Journal of Psychology
Although pregnancy increases the vulnerability to anxiety, no specific assessment instruments are... more Although pregnancy increases the vulnerability to anxiety, no specific assessment instruments are usually used to detect it. The objective of this study was to adapt the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) to Spanish population, as well as analyze its validity and reliability. A sample of 367 nulliparous pregnant women with a normal risk status filled in a socio-demographic and obstetric-gynaecological questionnaire, the PRAQ, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). After performing a factorial analysis, a five-factor model that explains 53.1% of the variance was obtained. Estimates of internal consistency reliability were adequate (range = .78 to .93) for the five factors included in the final confirmatory factor analysis, and for the total scale (.97). Significant correlation among PRAQ, EPDS, and STAI was found (p < .001). The 85th percentile (score 234 or more) was used as a cut-off point to identify those women...
Introduction: Relapse is a common factor within the behavior change process. However, there is sc... more Introduction: Relapse is a common factor within the behavior change process. However, there is scarce and limited knowledge of smoking relapse situations in population-based samples. The aim of this study was to identify smoking relapse situations among a sample of Spanish relapsers from the general population. Methods: A sample of 775 relapsers was recruited among the general population using a snowball method. Participants completed a survey including sociodemographic, smoking-related and psychopathology variables. Smoking relapse situations were identified through specific questions assessing different aspects related to the last relapse episode. Results: The majority of smoking relapse situations were attributed to positive affect (36.6%) and negative affect (34.3%), followed by lack of control (10.1%), smoking habit (6.7%), craving or nicotine withdrawal (6.3%), and social pressure (5.9%). Being unemployed and having a mental disorder in the past increased the likelihood of relapse in situations of negative affect. Being single and having quit smoking to save money were associated with an increased likelihood of relapse in situations of positive affect. Conclusions: Affect plays a significant role in smoking relapse among a community sample of unassisted Spanish smokers. Relapse may be much more of an affective and situational process than a habit, physiological or social pressure. Findings from this study may help develop tailored community smoking relapse prevention strategies or programs.
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between pregnant women's s... more Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between pregnant women's socio-demographic characteristics, smoking-related variables and psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression) and both tobacco consumption and spontaneous quitting at the first trimester of pregnancy. In particular, we wished to examine the contribution of depressive symptoms to tobacco consumption and spontaneous quitting, while controlling for anxiety symptoms, socio-demographic and smoking-related variables. Methods: The sample was comprised of 901 Spanish pregnant women. Assessment included an ad hoc questionnaire with socio-demographic and tobacco consumption information, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and The State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Two multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, respectively to predict tobacco consumption and to predict spontaneous quitting. Results: Having a partner who smokes (OR = 5.578), not having a college education (OR = 2.803), higher scores on the EPDS (OR = 1.073) and higher scores on the STAI-S (OR = 1.027) increase the probability of continuing smoking. Being primiparous (OR = 2.463), having a college education (OR = 2.141), smoking fewer cigarettes before pregnancy (OR = 1.175), and lower scores on the STAI-S (OR = 1.045) increase the probability of spontaneously quitting smoking at the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were a predictor of tobacco consumption but not of spontaneous quitting; spontaneous quitting was better predicted by anxiety symptoms. These findings support recommendations that women with depressive symptoms are at risk for smoking during pregnancy and highlight that anxious symptoms should be targeted in interventions for smoking cessation during pregnancy.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) has proved to be effective with a wide range of addictive behavior... more Motivational Interviewing (MI) has proved to be effective with a wide range of addictive behaviors. However, in the case of tobacco smoking it is more difficult to demonstrate its effectiveness. MI provides specific motivational strategies for each stage of change. The aim of this paper is to review studies investigating the use of MI in the treatment of smoking in order to provide an update on its effectiveness. To this end, we reviewed the most important research published internationally and in Spain. A review of 33 selected studies leads us to conclude that it is very difficult to assess and compare the results of the studies in view of their variability and heterogeneity. Hence, it is in this area that we see the most contradictory results on its effectiveness. We therefore need more research in order to determine its reliability and possible explanations for the discrepant findings observed in studies of smoking cessation. Finally, we strongly suggest the need to know which treatment location is best, how MI functions in treatment programs and which conditions may affect its effectiveness.
Tratamiento de la adicción a la nicotina e una persona fumadora de puros
Aunque la prevalencia del consumo de cigarros puros es inferior a la de otras formas de consumir ... more Aunque la prevalencia del consumo de cigarros puros es inferior a la de otras formas de consumir tabaco, como los cigarrillos, su consumo también crea adicción y conlleva riesgos para la salud. En este trabajo, se presenta la evaluación y el tratamiento de la conducta de fumar en un varón de 48 años de edad con una historia de 27 años de consumo. Éste asistió a un programa psicológico conductual multicomponente para dejar de fumar de seis sesiones (una por semana). El tratamiento incluyó un contrato motivacional, autorregistro de la conducta de fumar, representación gráfica, información acerca del tabaco, reducción gradual de ingestión de nicotina y alquitrán, control de estímulos, tareas para evitar el síndrome de abstinencia de la nicotina y feedback fisiológico (cantidad de monóxido de carbono en aire espirado). El sujeto dejó de fumar al final de tratamiento y continuó abstinente en los seguimientos llevados a cabo a 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 y 24 meses después de finalizado el tratamiento.
En los últimos años, distintos estudios han encontrado una clara relación entre el consumo de tab... more En los últimos años, distintos estudios han encontrado una clara relación entre el consumo de tabaco y la presencia de otros trastornos psicopatológicos, tales como depresión, trastornos de ansiedad, otros trastornos adictivos (dependencia del alcohol, cannabis, cocaina,etc.), trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad y esquizofrenia. En este articulo se revisan estas relaciones y algunas de las posibles explicaciones a las mismas. Se concluye que la presencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica en los fumadores supone un dato de gran relevancia, tanto para su tratamiento como para el desarrollo de programas preventivos. Esta relevancia será mayor en los próximos años, conforme disminuye el numero de fumadores en la población general. Al ocurrir esto se incrementar? esta relación al serle mas difícil dejar de fumar a los fumadores que tienen estos trastornos psicopatológicos. Los que no los tienen dejan mas fácilmente de fumar. In the last years, different studies have found a cl...
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