Environmental flows are the water that is left in a river, or released into it in order to mainta... more Environmental flows are the water that is left in a river, or released into it in order to maintain valued features of the ecosystem. It refers to the water considered sufficient for protecting the structure and function of an ecosystem and its dependent species. In the recent advancement, there has been a rapid proliferation of methods for assessing the environmental flows, ranging from relatively simple, low-confidence, desktop approaches, to resource-intensive, high-confidence approaches. Each of these has some merits and limitations. In the present study, the environmental flow has been assessed using desktop approach based on environmental management classes (EMCs) at various stretches of Cauvery river in Karnataka state. The results are compared with other hydrological index methods. The minimum and maximum range of magnitude of flow estimated based on these methods are recommended as environmental flow, which can be used for future planning of water resource development and h...
Site suitability analysis for soil and water conservation structures
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2004
Page 1. SHORT NOTE Photonirvachak Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, No. 4... more Page 1. SHORT NOTE Photonirvachak Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2004 SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES DILIP G. DURBUDE AND ...
The physical characteristics of watershed play a vital role in generating runoff and significantl... more The physical characteristics of watershed play a vital role in generating runoff and significantly affect the hydrological behavior of the watershed. The future performance of this hydrological behavior of watershed can be predicted by conceptually modellin. But, in the conceptual rainfall-runoff modelling, finding the value of conceptual model parameters is a challenging task particularly in ungauged basins or basins where very less measurements are available. Hence, it has been the endeavor of many hydrologists to quantify and relate geomorphological characteristics of ungauged watersheds to their hydrologic response characteristics. Very recently developed Jain et al.(2012) Modified Long Term Hydrologic Simulation Advance Soil Moisture Accounting (MLTHS ASMA) 15-parameters model performed better than the existing LTHS models to simulate total stream flow, but for its pragmatic application, it is required to correlate model parameters with some measurable physical characteristics ...
Drought identification and characterisation of semi-arid districts of North Karnataka
Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 2008
The present study was carried out to identify drought and its characteristics in the northern par... more The present study was carried out to identify drought and its characteristics in the northern part of Kamataka. The results showed negative trends, in the entire area in the annual and seasonal rainfall departure from its normal for most of years indicating a deficit in rainfall. The area was observed to be experiencing a drought of moderate intensity with a recurrence interval of 4 to 5 years. The spatial distribution of various drought affected zones within the study area based on probabilistic approach have been carried out and mapped in a GIS environment. It revealed that the entire study area falls under moderate drought affected zone except a small part of lamkhandi taluka in Bagalkot district and Gangavati taluka in Koppal district. With an average of two dry spells with a length of 22 days, the effective monsoon in the area commences from the last week of lune. Hence, for formulating a drought mitigation strategy in this area, it is recommended that soil and water conservati...
Hydrological impact assessment of SWC measures in Ralegaon Siddhi model watershed
Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 2015
Ralegaon Siddhi watershed is one of the well-known models of watershed management in India. The w... more Ralegaon Siddhi watershed is one of the well-known models of watershed management in India. The watershed development programmes (WDPs) via soil and water conservation (SWC) activities have not only enhanced the socio-economic status, but also improved the hydrological regimes of the watershed. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to assess the impact of these SWC activities on hydrological parameters, such as land use, surface runoff and soil loss. The integrated Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) based SCS-CN/GIS and USLE/GIS methodologies were employed for change detection during pre-treatment and post-treatment periods of watershed in land use/land cover (LULC), and further estimation of surface runoff and soil loss. The alteration in land use pattern due to land management activities under Comprehensive Watershed Development Program (COWEDP) has improved the hydrological soil cover complexes of the watershed and resulted into reductions i...
Improved CN-Based Long-Term Hydrologic Simulation Model
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2012
ABSTRACT Employing the advanced soil moisture accounting (ASMA) procedure and the modified subsur... more ABSTRACT Employing the advanced soil moisture accounting (ASMA) procedure and the modified subsurface drainage flow concept, a curve number (CN)-based model, named as modified long-term hydrologic simulation advance soil moisture accounting (MLTHS ASMA) model, is proposed to simulate daily flows. Its application to 17 watersheds falling in different agro-climatic zones of India and comparison with the existing long-term hydrologic simulation advance soil moisture accounting (LTHS ASMA) model reveal that the proposed model yields higher efficiency, lower standard error of estimate (SE) and percentage relative error (RE) values for high runoff producing wet watersheds, and lower efficiency for low runoff producing dry watersheds, indicating a very good model response to wet watersheds, and good to satisfactory-to-dry watersheds. On most watersheds, the proposed model performed better than the existing one. In addition, CN parameters for surface and subsurface flows were most sensitive followed by the parameters related with soil characteristics, and the significance of base flow was greater in wet watersheds than in dry watersheds. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000592. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
ABSTRACT In the present era of modern technology, the efficacy and accuracy of output is demandin... more ABSTRACT In the present era of modern technology, the efficacy and accuracy of output is demanding. Based on rigorous survey, Bharatkar and Patel (International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 3(7):218–223, 2012) concluded that the incorporation of Block Truncation Coding (BTC) approach in the existing image classification algorithm can be used to improve the classification accuracy. Therefore, in the present study, an effort has been made to explore the Content Based Remote Sensing Image (CBRSI) classification algorithm to enhance classification accuracy with BTC approach. It is revealed from the study that BTC based maximum likelihood classifier gives better overall accuracy and kappa statistics.
The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is widely used in determination of dir... more The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is widely used in determination of direct surface run-off in long-term (continuous) hydrologic simulation models. Of late, Michel et al. (2005) reviewed the soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure that lies behind the original SCS-CN method and pointed out severe structural inconsistencies in the treatment of antecedent condition and, in turn, proposed a sounder methodology. However, this method still needs refinement in the definition of initial moisture level (V0) to make it usable in field. Thus, in the present study, the Michel et al. (2005) model is modified to avoid the unrealistic sudden jump in V0 by incorporating conceptual SMA procedure and variation of daily CN based on antecedent moisture amount instead of antecedent moisture condition. When applied to 17 watersheds from different agro-climatic regions of India, the proposed model simulates daily stream flows better than those due to Michel et al. model. The proposed model performed better in high run-off producing (wet) watersheds than in low run-off producing (dry) watersheds, and the base flow was more and less significant in high and low run-off producing watersheds, respectively, whereas the evapotranspiration showed a reverse trend.
Estimation of soil erosion potential using Universal Soil Loss Equation
Journal of The Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2002
Sediment yield from a catchment can be simulated using lumped and distributed models. However, fo... more Sediment yield from a catchment can be simulated using lumped and distributed models. However, for field applications, a reliable and simple method is required. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an empirical procedure developed by Wischmeier and Smith in 1965 from statistical analysis of erosion data from a large number of plot studies under different conditions. This model enables the planners to locate the potential erosion zones in a watershed and to try alternative combinations of cropping and management practices for effecting erosion control within specific limits. In the present study, USLE was used to identify the erosion potential zones of Hire Nadi catchment, in Yelberga taluk, Koppal District of Karnataka. In order to automize the estimation of USLE parameters, a geographical information system, Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS), was used.
The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is widely used in determination of dir... more The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is widely used in determination of direct surface run-off in long-term (continuous) hydrologic simulation models. Of late, Michel et al. (2005) reviewed the soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure that lies behind the original SCS-CN method and pointed out severe structural inconsistencies in the treatment of antecedent condition and, in turn, proposed a sounder methodology. However, this method still needs refinement in the definition of initial moisture level (V 0 ) to make it usable in field. Thus, in the present study, the model is modified to avoid the unrealistic sudden jump in V 0 by incorporating conceptual SMA procedure and variation of daily CN based on antecedent moisture amount instead of antecedent moisture condition. When applied to 17 watersheds from different agro-climatic regions of India, the proposed model simulates daily stream flows better than those due to Michel et al. model. The proposed model performed better in high run-off producing (wet) watersheds than in low run-off producing (dry) watersheds, and the base flow was more and less significant in high and low run-off producing watersheds, respectively, whereas the evapotranspiration showed a reverse trend.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of synthetic envelopes for sub-surfa... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of synthetic envelopes for sub-surface drainage under the field conditions at Lunkarnsar Farm, Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area, Bikaner and laboratory conditions at College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur. Three types of synthetic envelopes viz. HG 22, SAPP 240 and CAN 2 were evaluated by using sand tank model and permeability apparatus to compare their performances in terms of entrance resistance and hydraulic conductivities of soil envelope system. The experiments revealed that the values of entrance resistance for envelope HG 22, SAPP 240 and CAN 2 were 1.95 day/m, 1.33 day/m and 1.51 day/m, respectively of Lunkarnsar soil. The hydraulic conductivities for envelope HG 22, SAPP 240 and CAN 2 of the total thickness (k-total) were found to be 4.53 cm/hr, 5.22 cm/hr and 4.91 cm/hr and of the contact layer (k-contact) were found to be 3.009 cm/hr, 3.62 cm/hr and 3.27 cm/hr, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity of contact layer was found lower than that of the total layer which confirmed the soil envelope interface. The Hydraulic conductivity for SAPP 240 filter was found to be the highest and entrance resistance was found to be lowest. The SAPP 240 filter is recommended for Indira Gandhi Command Area for subsurface drainage system.
Journal of The Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2005
The reservoir surveys carried out using the conventional equipments like theodolite, plane table,... more The reservoir surveys carried out using the conventional equipments like theodolite, plane table, sextant, range finders, sounding rods, echo-sounders and slow moving boats etc. are time consuming and sometime it takes up to three years to complete the survey of a major reservoir like Hirakud. During such longtime of survey, the siltation pattern and the bed levels also get changed. So, the need to update the sediment measurement techniques and to introduce latest technology available in the field was felt to overcome the difficulties faced in the conventional method especially in major reservoirs. With this objective, the present study of the assessment of the sedimentation in Linganmakki reservoir is carried out using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The revised capacities in the zone of reservoir levels (533.05 – 548.78 m) for the year 1989–1990 and 2001–2002 in the zone of 532.20 – 545.91 m of reservoir levels were determined, which is found 2837.84 M cum and 2207.95 M cum respectively. Based on these results, the sedimentation rates in the zone (533.05 – 548.78 m) come out to be 8.96 ham/100 km2/year and for the zone (532.20 – 545.91 m) is 8.57 ha-m/100 km2/year. It is found that the results are comparable during and the uniform sediment rate of 8.57 ha-m/100 km2/ year can be considered.
Journal of The Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2001
An accurate assessment of run-off through aerial rainfall is a basic concept in most of the rainf... more An accurate assessment of run-off through aerial rainfall is a basic concept in most of the rainfall-runoff models, particularly conceptual models which emphasis a complete water balance. The run-off measurements by gauging can only be regarded as an index of rainfall and restrict our ability to successfully model the rainfall-runoff process. To overcome some of these problems, remote sensing satellite data are of immense use, particularly in mountainous and desert areas. Therefore in the present study, a typical watershed from a drought hit Banswara district of Rajasthan has been analysed using IRS-1B-LISS II satellite imagery for estimating the run-off potential under different geomorphic set-up. The run-off potential was estimated using SCS method based on the satellite data in conjunction with ground truth information collected during field visit. The results indicated that the soil and water conservation measures in the watershed would improve the existing water potential and storage capacity of the study area. Based on the study eight check dams and five lift irrigation schemes are proposed.
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Papers by Dilip Durbude
in long-term (continuous) hydrologic simulation models. Of late, Michel et al. (2005) reviewed the soil moisture accounting
(SMA) procedure that lies behind the original SCS-CN method and pointed out severe structural inconsistencies in the treatment of antecedent condition and, in turn, proposed a sounder methodology. However, this method still needs refinement in the definition of initial moisture level (V0) to make it usable in field. Thus, in the present study, the Michel et al. (2005) model
is modified to avoid the unrealistic sudden jump in V0 by incorporating conceptual SMA procedure and variation of daily
CN based on antecedent moisture amount instead of antecedent moisture condition. When applied to 17 watersheds from
different agro-climatic regions of India, the proposed model simulates daily stream flows better than those due to Michel
et al. model. The proposed model performed better in high run-off producing (wet) watersheds than in low run-off producing (dry) watersheds, and the base flow was more and less significant in high and low run-off producing watersheds, respectively, whereas the evapotranspiration showed a reverse trend.