Papers by Plant Biotechnology Persa
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Influenza is a common viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing sym... more Objective: Influenza is a common viral infection that affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. Given the limitations of conventional treatments and their potential side effects, phytotherapy, or treatment with medicinal plants, has gained attention as a complementary approach for managing this illness. This study aims to review the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants that are effective against influenza and analyze their mechanisms of action based on traditional medicine teachings and scientific evidence.
Methods: In this review study, key terms such as influenza, traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and treatment were searched in databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Scopus. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and relevant articles were used for the literature review.
Results: Several medicinal plants, including turmeric, ginger, echinacea, and peppermint, are used in traditional medicine for treating cold and flu. The most common plant families are Lamiaceae (26.1%) and Asteraceae (17.4%). The main therapeutic properties are antiviral (39.1%) and immune-boosting (34.8%), followed by anti-inflammatory and symptom-relieving effects (26.1%). Other properties, like antimicrobial and sedative effects, were less common.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of medicinal plants in managing and treating influenza. Given the widespread nature of the disease and its disruptive symptoms, phytotherapy can complement conventional treatments, helping to reduce illness severity and accelerate recovery. The findings suggest that these plants are a safe and effective option, especially for high-risk groups like children. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage and administration methods
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Introduction: Urolithiasis is one of the oldest and most widespread urinary system diseases suffe... more Introduction: Urolithiasis is one of the oldest and most widespread urinary system diseases suffered globally. Due to high incidence and recurrence rate of stone formation associated with severe pain, inflammation in urinary system, which demand herbal treatment for preventing and cure the stone formation. In India, many herbal formulations are in use for the treatment of urolithiasis, known for its unquestionable efficacy and safety. Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds are widely used for renal stone activity in India.
Objective: The present study evaluates in vitro effect of aqueous extract of M. uniflorum (AEMU) on calcium oxalate crystallization.
Material & Methods: An AEMU at different concentration (250 - 1500 µg/ml) was subjected to in vitro activity. The results were compared with a standard herbal product (Cystone) available in market. The nucleation and crystal growth assay were performed taking different concentration of sodium oxalate (2-10 mmol/ml) for nucleation and (2-3.5 mmol/ml) for crystal growth and evaluate the inhibitory effect of AEMU at different concentration level of oxalate. Calcium oxalate crystal aggregation and dissolution assays were performed and compared with the effects observed in standard.
Results: The results showed that AEMU has excellent calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition activity in nucleation rate and crystal growth when evaluated at different concentration levels of oxalate. Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation and crystal dissolution were observed in dose dependent manner.
Conclusion: AEMU showed the crystallization inhibition and crystal dissolution properties suggest strong scientific evidence for its use in renal stones.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Menstrual pain is one of the most common health issues affecting women of reproductive... more Objective: Menstrual pain is one of the most common health issues affecting women of reproductive age, often impacting their quality of life and daily activities. Traditional medicine and ethnobotanical knowledge from various regions of Iran, particularly in the eastern parts of the country, have introduced a range of medicinal plants for alleviating this discomfort.
This study aims to identify and present medicinal plants traditionally used for relieving menstrual pain based on ethnobotanical documentation from eastern Iran.
Methodology: This review study was conducted using a systematic search of relevant articles. The keywords included medicinal plants, Iran, menstrual pain, Khorasan, Kerman, Sistan, and ethnobotany. The search was performed in academic databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were selected for review and analysis.
Results: In the eastern and southeastern regions of Iran, particularly in areas such as Bahraseman (southeastern Iran), Tang-e-Balengestan, Chupar (Kerman), Khabar and Zochun, Deh Lolu (Kerman), Sirjan (Kerman), Sistan, Maneh and Samalqan, Mashhad, and Hezar Kuh (southeastern Iran), various medicinal plants have been traditionally used for menstrual pain relief. These include Verbascum behbahanense, Medicago orbicularis, Bunium persicum, Ziziphora tenuior, Scrophularia striata, Cicer anatolicum, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Anethum graveolens, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Foeniculum vulgare, Solanum nigrum, Glaucium elegans, Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria aurea, Centaurea behen, Capsicum frutescens, and Asparagus officinalis.
Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that traditional ethnobotanical practices in eastern Iran rely on a diverse range of medicinal plants for menstrual pain relief. Many of these plants exhibit anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and hormone-modulating properties. Further scientific and clinical research is essential to validate their efficacy and explore their potential as complementary, low-risk treatments for managing menstrual pain.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Polyphenol oxidase is a enzyme involved in phenolic substrate hydroxylation (cresolase... more Objective: Polyphenol oxidase is a enzyme involved in phenolic substrate hydroxylation (cresolase) and oxidation (catecholase), processes critical for enzymatic browning in stored fruits and vegetables. Its activity depends on the type of substrate. PPO also generates reactive oxygen species and quinones, which can diminish the nutritional quality of proteins. The research focuses on analyzing cresolase activity of extracted from Solanum lycopersicum at immature and mature stages. The study evaluates optimal conditions such as pH, temperature, and substrate concentration, as well as glycine and cysteine as inhibitor.
Methods: Tomatoes from Kurdistan, at immature and mature stages, were processed to obtain extracts. Cresolase was evaluated across pH levels. Protein concentrations were quantified via the Bradford method, and kinetic parameters were calculated using varying p-cresol concentrations. Inhibitory effects of glycine and cysteine were assessed, and catecholase thermal stability under immature conditions was tested at different temperatures. Nonlinear regression models, supported by SAS and GraphPad Prism software, were applied to analyze and optimize enzymatic activity trends.
Results: The study identified pH 6.7 as optimal in both immature and mature samples. At 0.16 mM p-cresol concentration, Vmax was 0.15 units/mg protein, Km was 0.11 mM, and catalytic efficiency reached 1.37 units/mg protein/mM. Glycine exhibited stronger inhibition than cysteine, with IC50 values of 1.7 mM in mature and 0.4 mM in immature samples. Enzyme activity peaked at 45 minutes with inhibitors and 40 minutes without inhibitors. Glycine-treated samples exhibited slower declines in activity than cysteine-treated ones. Optimal performance was at 45°C without inhibitors and 40°C with inhibitors, while higher temperatures caused activity loss due to structural stress.
Conclusion: cresolase activity varies depending on pH, temperature, and inhibitors. Studies on kinetics and mathematical models can contribute to the development of strategies for controlling browning in food products and designing protective mechanisms for plants
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Male infertility is a significant global health challenge influenced by various factor... more Objective: Male infertility is a significant global health challenge influenced by various factors, including genetic issues, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Iranian traditional medicine, with its long-standing history of using medicinal plants, offers natural remedies for addressing male infertility. Many of these plants are known to improve sperm quality, regulate hormones, and enhance the male reproductive system. This review aims to examine the medicinal plants effective in treating male infertility based on the principles of Iranian traditional medicine.
Methodology: This review explores the traditional sources of Iranian medicine to identify medicinal plants known to be effective in treating male infertility.
Results: The findings highlight several key plants, such as Tribulus terrestris, ginger, walnut, almond, grape, fenugreek, parsley, garlic, chamomile, saffron, andrographis, oregano, carrot, red raspberry, cherry, clover, Vitex agnus-castus, green beans, fava beans, soy, celery, spinach, green tea, nettle, banana, and onion, which are considered among the most important medicinal plants for treating male infertility in Iranian traditional medicine.
Conclusion: The medicinal plants identified in Iranian traditional medicine can serve as complementary treatments alongside modern approaches for male infertility. However, further scientific research is required to confirm their effectiveness and standardize their use in clinical practice.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Medicinal plants have long played a pivotal role in traditional and modern healthcare ... more Objective: Medicinal plants have long played a pivotal role in traditional and modern healthcare systems due to their therapeutic potential. However, significant variability in their chemical composition presents challenges for ensuring safety, efficacy, and quality in herbal pharmaceutical products. This review aims to emphasize the critical role of standardization in the pharmaceutical development of medicinal plants.
Methods: The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of literature and regulatory documents to identify current practices, standardization techniques, and global frameworks.
Results: Key findings highlight the importance of standardization across the entire lifecycle of herbal medicines—from cultivation and harvesting to extraction, analysis, and final formulation. Various methods such as botanical authentication, physicochemical testing, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis, DNA barcoding, and biological assays are discussed. Additionally, the review outlines major challenges including phytochemical complexity, variability in raw materials, regulatory disparities, and limited access to advanced technologies in developing regions. It also discusses the need for harmonized global standards and integration of modern scientific tools like genomics and chemometrics.
Conclusion: This review also outlines future directions for research and regulatory integration aimed at enhancing the consistency, safety, and global acceptance of herbal medicines. The major contribution of this paper is its comprehensive synthesis of standardization strategies, challenges, and regulatory considerations, offering a roadmap to bridge the gap between traditional herbal practices and modern pharmaceutical standards.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Grewia bicolor belongs to Malvaceae family of the genus Grewia. G. bicolor finds several therapeu... more Grewia bicolor belongs to Malvaceae family of the genus Grewia. G. bicolor finds several therapeutic applications in the ethno-medicine which include in treating syphilis, fever and inflammation and as diuretic, vermifuge, laxative and antidote for common poisons. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential, determine the IC50 value, determine total phenolic contents (TPCs) and determine total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of various solvent extracts obtained from the leaves and stem-bark of G. bicolor. Maceration and hot solvent extraction techniques were employed to obtain various solvent extracts. DPPH radical scavenging assay was employed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and determine the IC50 values. Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method were employed to estimate the TPCs and TFCs, respectively. The percentage of DPPH radical scavenged by various extracts obtained from the leaves, stem-bark and the positive control (ascorbic acid) at a concentration range of 200-3000 µg/mL was in the ranges of 6.53±0.15-74.75±0.03, 17.87±0.56-86.04±0.29 and 53.76±0.13- 83.30±0.96%, respectively. Similarly, the IC50 values of various extracts obtained from the leaves and stem-bark were determined to be in the ranges of 457.78-2425.37µg/mL and 649.29-1869.62µg/mL, respectively and the positive control exhibited an IC50 value of < 200 µg/mL. The acetone extracts from both leaves and stem-bark showed lowest IC50 values of 457.78µg/mL and 649.29µg/mL, respectively. The TPCs of various extracts from leaves and stem-bark were in the ranges of 0.850±0.02-9.728±0.09 and 0.813±0.16-12.259±0.03mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight of the extract (mg GAE/g DW), respectively. The TFCs of various extracts from leaves and stem-bark were in the ranges of 20.211±0.54-46.004±0.08 and 22.054±0.25-42.128±0.18mg of quercetin equivalent per gram dry weight of the extract (mg QE/g DW), respectively. From this study, we concluded that various extracts obtained from the leaves and stem-bark of G. bicolor showed a moderate to significant DPPH radical scavenging potential and possessed a moderate to significant TPCs and TFCs. In general, the TFCs of these extracts were relatively higher than TPCs. Further studies on this plant are required to substantiate its therapeutic applications in the traditional medicines
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Gestational diabetes arises from the body's inability to effectively control blood glu... more Objective: Gestational diabetes arises from the body's inability to effectively control blood glucose due to hormonal changes and insulin resistance, posing risks to both maternal and fetal health if left untreated. The condition is classified into two types: A1 (diet-controlled) and A2 (requiring medication or insulin). Genetic factors and obesity can also contribute to its development. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the most important medicinal plants native to Iran that are effective in managing gestational diabetes and to explore their pharmacological mechanisms.
Methodology: For this review, searches were conducted in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar, as well as in traditional Iranian medicine reference books, to gather relevant articles on medicinal plants that affect gestational diabetes. Medicinal plants commonly used in Iranian traditional medicine for the management of gestational diabetes were selected for review. The aim was to identify plants with the potential to manage gestational diabetes while minimizing side effects.
Results: In Iranian traditional medicine, various medicinal plants have been used to manage gestational diabetes, including cinnamon, borage, fenugreek, barberry, valerian, thyme, mint, lemon balm, green cumin, ginger, green tea, barley, bitter melon, olive, sage, neem, nettle, walnut, eggplant, jujube, beans, lentils, bananas, pumpkin, sesame, mustard, coconut, and ginger. These plants are considered among the most significant for managing gestational diabetes in Iranian traditional medicine.
Conclusion: Gestational diabetes is a common condition during pregnancy that requires precise and effective management to prevent serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. In Iranian traditional medicine, numerous medicinal plants have been recognized as complementary treatments for gestational diabetes. The use of these plants can serve as a natural, cost-effective solution alongside standard medical treatments, particularly in cases of gestational diabetes. However, it is essential that the consumption of these plants is supervised by a healthcare provider to prevent potential side effects and drug interactions
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: The use of silver nanoparticles is increasing due to its unique properties. plant Tage... more Objective: The use of silver nanoparticles is increasing due to its unique properties. plant Tagets, a tall-based medicinal plant, is rich in bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of Jafari flower on cervical cancer (Hella), breast cancer (MCF7), and lung cancer (A549) cell lines.
Methods: The toxicity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated using the MTT assay, and the results were acceptable. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed using UV-Vis, SEM, and XRD analyses.
Results: The nanoparticles synthesized using the plant Tagets extract had a maximum absorption wavelength of 410 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The XRD and SEM patterns showed that the nanoparticles were mostly spherical in shape, with an average size in the nanometer range. The MTT results showed that the silver nanoparticles had dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects, significantly reducing cell viability. The IC50 values for the three cancer cell lines were 63.16, 40.19, and 63.39 µg/mL for MCF7, Hella, and A549, respectively, with the lowest IC50 value observed for cervical cancer.
Conclusion: Medicinal plants can be used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Thus, silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial effects, which alter the morphology of bacterial membranes, increasing the permeability of silver nanoparticles, leading to uncontrolled penetration into cells, and ultimately causing cell death
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Anesthesia has long been a critical component of medical and surgical procedures, hold... more Objective: Anesthesia has long been a critical component of medical and surgical procedures, holding a significant place not only in modern clinical practice but also in traditional systems of medicine. The use of herbal agents for inducing anesthesia has gained attention due to their sedative properties, higher safety margins, and accessibility. In this context, identifying medicinal plants with anesthetic potential in traditional Persian medicine may offer promising directions for integrative and complementary approaches.
Methods: This review was conducted to identify and document the most prominent medicinal plants traditionally used for anesthesia in Iranian traditional medicine. A comprehensive search of scientific literature was carried out using the keywords “medicinal plants,” “anesthesia,” and “traditional Iranian medicine” in reputable databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.
Results: The findings revealed a wide array of medicinal plants referenced in traditional texts for their anesthetic or sedative properties. These include Papaver rhoeas (corn poppy), Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), Valeriana officinalis (valerian), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), Datura stramonium, Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Tilia spp. (linden), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Ephedra spp., Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Echinacea purpurea, Allium sativum (garlic), Borassus flabellifer (palmyra palm), Boswellia serrata (frankincense), Salix aegyptiaca (Persian willow), Passiflora incarnata (passionflower), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Echium amoenum (Iranian borage), and Piper methysticum (kava).
Conclusion: This review highlights the diversity of herbal agents historically used for anesthesia within traditional Persian medicine. Further research into their mechanisms of action, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological safety could contribute to the development of safer, plant-based anesthetic alternatives.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Background: The increasing prevalence of Candida infections and the emergence of resistance to ch... more Background: The increasing prevalence of Candida infections and the emergence of resistance to chemical antifungal medicines, such as fluconazole, has prompted increased research into natural compounds with anti-Candida activity. Probiotics, in particular, are being investigated as promising alternatives due to their lower costs and reduced side effects compared to synthetic drugs.
Objective: This study aimed to isolate Lactobacillus strains from human and camel urine and evaluate their antifungal activity against three Candida strains isolated from human vaginal samples.
Materials and Methods: In this research, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from human and camel urine. Then, the anti-Candida effect of isolated Lactobacillus spp. and two commercial probiotic formulations, Lactofem and Femi capsules containing Lactobacillus spp. 109 and 1.65 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively, was assessed using the microtiter plate method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the interaction of Lactobacillus and fluconazole against Candida was investigated using the checkerboard method.
Results: Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus crispatus were isolated from human urine samples, and Lactobacillus brevis was isolated from camel urine. The MIC of Lactobacillus spp. against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei was 1.87 × 107 CFU/mL. Antifungal effects of Lactofem and Femi against three Candida spp. were 6.25 × 106 CFU/mL and 2.062 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively. Among the probiotics, Lactofem had the highest, and Femi had the lowest anti-Candida effect. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration results show the synergistic effect of the combination of 9.37 × 106 CFU/mL Lactobacillus and 4 μg/mL fluconazole.
Conclusions: The finding of this study indicate that Lactobacillus spp. have potent antifungal activity against Candida infections and show synergistic effect when combined with fluconazole, suggesting their potential as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach in antifungal therapy. Future research is recommended to focus on developing clinical formulations and validating efficacy through in vivo studies.
may be recommended for their applications as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach in pharmaceutical formulations.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: The Geminiviridae family comprises significant plant pathogens causing severe economic... more Objective: The Geminiviridae family comprises significant plant pathogens causing severe economic losses worldwide. Among them, Begomovirus species, like Mimosa yellow leaf curl virus (MiYLCV), threaten crops and ornamental plants. Natural compounds, such as thyme and eucalyptus essential oils, may offer antiviral solutions. This study investigates the inhibitory potential of thyme and eucalyptus essential oils against MiYLCV coat protein using molecular docking, providing insights into eco-friendly antiviral strategies.
Methods: In this study, first, the three-dimensional structure of phytochemical compounds present in the two medicinal plants, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus grandis, was obtained from the PubChem database. Next, the three-dimensional structure of the virus coat protein was optimized using the Swiss-MODEL online tool. The ability of the selected chemical compounds to inhibit the coat protein associated with pathogen virulence was explored using the molecular docking method using the specialized software autodock4.2.6.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of Mimosa yellow vein virus coat protein revealed close relationships between some Begomovirus sequences (e.g., NP_808548.1 and NP_803540.1), while others (YP_00358491.1, ADW83758.1) showed divergence. The 3D protein model exhibited stable Ramachandran plot angles. Among thyme compounds, β-Myrcene had the highest permeability (logP=2.89), while γ-Terpinene showed the highest solubility (logS=-3.45). In eucalyptus, Isoamyl isovalerate (logP=3.05) and alpha-Terpinene (logS=-3.30) exhibited extreme values. Molecular docking identified strong binding interactions: Endo-borneol (-4.75 kcal/mol), α-Terpineol (-4.96 kcal/mol), and Terpinen-4-ol (-4.78 kcal/mol) from thyme, and beta-Terpineol (-5.14 kcal/mol), trans-Carveol (-5.15 kcal/mol), and Carvotanacetone (-5.21 kcal/mol) from eucalyptus exhibited the highest affinity for the viral coat protein. These findings suggest potential antiviral activity against Mimosa yellow vein virus.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the combination of a-Terpineol and Carvotanacetone act as the strongest binding molecules in thyme and eucalyptus plants, respectively. These compounds can be proposed as potent antagonists targeting the coat protein of Mimosa yellow vein virus, effectively impeding its function
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: The Geminiviridae family comprises significant plant pathogens causing severe economic... more Objective: The Geminiviridae family comprises significant plant pathogens causing severe economic losses worldwide. Among them, Begomovirus species, like Mimosa yellow leaf curl virus (MiYLCV), threaten crops and ornamental plants. Natural compounds, such as thyme and eucalyptus essential oils, may offer antiviral solutions. This study investigates the inhibitory potential of thyme and eucalyptus essential oils against MiYLCV coat protein using molecular docking, providing insights into eco-friendly antiviral strategies.
Methods: In this study, first, the three-dimensional structure of phytochemical compounds present in the two medicinal plants, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus grandis, was obtained from the PubChem database. Next, the three-dimensional structure of the virus coat protein was optimized using the Swiss-MODEL online tool. The ability of the selected chemical compounds to inhibit the coat protein associated with pathogen virulence was explored using the molecular docking method using the specialized software autodock4.2.6.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of Mimosa yellow vein virus coat protein revealed close relationships between some Begomovirus sequences (e.g., NP_808548.1 and NP_803540.1), while others (YP_00358491.1, ADW83758.1) showed divergence. The 3D protein model exhibited stable Ramachandran plot angles. Among thyme compounds, β-Myrcene had the highest permeability (logP=2.89), while γ-Terpinene showed the highest solubility (logS=-3.45). In eucalyptus, Isoamyl isovalerate (logP=3.05) and alpha-Terpinene (logS=-3.30) exhibited extreme values. Molecular docking identified strong binding interactions: Endo-borneol (-4.75 kcal/mol), α-Terpineol (-4.96 kcal/mol), and Terpinen-4-ol (-4.78 kcal/mol) from thyme, and beta-Terpineol (-5.14 kcal/mol), trans-Carveol (-5.15 kcal/mol), and Carvotanacetone (-5.21 kcal/mol) from eucalyptus exhibited the highest affinity for the viral coat protein. These findings suggest potential antiviral activity against Mimosa yellow vein virus.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the combination of a-Terpineol and Carvotanacetone act as the strongest binding molecules in thyme and eucalyptus plants, respectively. These compounds can be proposed as potent antagonists targeting the coat protein of Mimosa yellow vein virus, effectively impeding its function
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Infantile bloating is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disturbances in early ... more Objective: Infantile bloating is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disturbances in early infancy, characterized by persistent crying, restlessness, and abdominal discomfort. This condition often arises due to immature gastrointestinal function. In search of safe and natural remedies to alleviate these symptoms, traditional Iranian medicine alongside other complementary medical systems advocates the use of medicinal plants. The present study aims to review and introduce the key herbal remedies commonly employed in traditional medicine for reducing infantile colic.
Methods: This review is based on a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of reputable printed and digital sources on Iranian traditional medicine, herbal pharmacopoeias, scientific articles, and electronic databases. The most significant medicinal plants demonstrated to ease infantile bloating were identified, examined, and systematically categorized.
Findings: According to classical texts and pharmacological references, herbal distillates derived from plants such as fennel, thyme, green cumin, ajwain, chamomile, licorice, coriander, lemon balm, anise, celery, savory, dill, ginger, and peppermint are widely used to alleviate infantile colic. Additionally, topical applications of plant oils and essential oils—including lavender, olive oil, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, and harmala—are commonly utilized in gentle abdominal massages to soothe Bloating-related discomfort.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the substantial potential of Iranian traditional medicine in managing infantile colic through the use of herbal preparations. When applied thoughtfully and scientifically, these botanicals offer a complementary, safe, cost-effective, and efficacious approach to symptom relief. Nonetheless, it is strongly advised that any oral or topical use of herbal products in infants be supervised by qualified healthcare professionals or traditional medicine practitioners to prevent possible adverse effects.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: For centuries, medicinal plants, essential oils, and natural extracts have been used a... more Objective: For centuries, medicinal plants, essential oils, and natural extracts have been used as alternative therapies to alleviate pain, particularly in the context of post-operative care for children. Despite their historical use, many of these treatments have not been rigorously examined through modern scientific inquiry. However, initial findings and classical sources of traditional medicine suggest that certain herbal remedies may offer significant analgesic benefits. This observation underscores the necessity of a more structured and evidence-based approach to their evaluation. The aim of this review is to explore the longstanding application of natural therapies—especially medicinal oils and herbs—in the relief of post-surgical pain, with a particular focus on their efficacy and safety in paediatric populations.
Methodology: This study adopts a narrative review methodology, drawing upon authoritative sources within Iranian traditional medicine, including Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi, Tohfeh-ye Hakim Momen, and Makhzan al-Adviah, among others. Supplementary data were retrieved from indexed academic databases using keywords such as “pain,” “surgery,” “children,” and “medicinal plants.”
Results: The review identified a range of medicinal plants traditionally used to mitigate surgical pain. These include borage (Borago officinalis), turmeric, ginger, chamomile, lavender, peppermint, rosemary, eucalyptus, parsley, black seed (Nigella sativa), clove, sage, rose, marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), castor, olive, and aloe vera. These have been applied in various forms—such as oils, gels, essential oils, and aromatherapy—according to traditional practices.
Conclusion: The evidence reviewed highlights a rich tradition of employing medicinal plants to ease post-operative pain in children, with specific emphasis on chamomile, lavender, marshmallow, aloe vera, and peppermint as both safe and frequently utilised agents. While traditional sources and preliminary scientific data support their potential efficacy, the absence of rigorous clinical trials remains a significant obstacle to their full integration into evidence-based paediatric care. Further experimental and clinical research is strongly recommended
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Urinary frequency is a common urinary disorder in children that can result from variou... more Objective: Urinary frequency is a common urinary disorder in children that can result from various factors, including infections, inflammation, or neuromuscular dysfunction. In Iranian traditional medicine, medicinal plants rich in antioxidant compounds have been utilized as a natural approach to reducing inflammation and improving urinary system function. This review study aims to identify and report medicinal plants effective in treating pediatric urinary frequency in Iranian traditional medicine.
Methods: In this review study, keywords such as "medicinal plants," "urinary frequency," "children," and "Iranian traditional medicine" were used for article searches. Valid databases, including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus, were examined to retrieve relevant articles.
Results: Several medicinal plants, including Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Citrus limon (lemon), Camellia sinensis (green tea), Althaea officinalis (marshmallow), Juglans regia (walnut), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Anethum graveolens (dill), Carum carvi (black caraway), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Cydonia oblonga (quince seed), Polygonum aviculare (knotgrass), Valeriana officinalis (valerian), Punica granatum (Persian pomegranate flower), Urtica urens (white nettle), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), have been traditionally used for treating urinary frequency.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that numerous medicinal plants with antioxidant properties have been employed in Iranian traditional medicine for managing pediatric urinary frequency. These plants, due to their flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, may alleviate symptoms by reducing inflammation, improving bladder function, and enhancing the immune system. However, further research is required to confirm their efficacy and establish appropriate dosages for children.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Nanotechnology has revolutionized materials science, enabling the development of nanoparticles, n... more Nanotechnology has revolutionized materials science, enabling the development of nanoparticles, nanocomposites and nanomaterials with superior mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties for applications in medicine, electronics, energy and environmental sustainability. The data were taken from recent publications available via Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. This review examines their classification, synthesis methods, key properties and applications and highlights the role of metal, metal oxide, carbon-based, polymeric and quantum dot nanoparticles in biomedicine, catalysis and nanoelectronics. Synthesis techniques are categorized into top-down (ball milling, lithography, laser ablation) and bottom-up approaches (sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, biological synthesis), each offering unique advantages in terms of scalability and precision. Nanocomposites, including polymer-based, metal-based and ceramic-based types, incorporate nanofillers to improve mechanical strength, thermal stability and electrical conductivity, using fabrication methods such as in-situ polymerization. Functionalization further expands their applications in drug delivery, flexible electronics, and advanced coatings. However, challenges related to toxicity, environmental impact, scalability, and regulations persist, necessitating sustainable synthesis, AI-driven material design, and stringent ethical standards. Addressing these issues is key to unlocking nanotechnology’s full potential for next-generation industrial and scientific advancements
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that c... more Objective: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that can lead to serious complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriage. The transmission of this infection to the fetus may occur through maternal infection, resulting in congenital defects and preterm birth. Timely prevention and treatment of this infection can prevent these complications and ensure the health of both the mother and the fetus. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and report the medicinal plants effective in treating toxoplasmas’ infection.
Methodology: In this review study, keywords such as toxoplasmosis, parasitic infection, traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and treatment were searched across reputable databases including Google Scholar, SID, MegIran, Scopus, as well as sources from traditional Iranian medicine. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and relevant ones were selected for review.
Results: Based on the findings, medicinal plants such as Golpar, Fennel, Henna, Caraway, Garlic, Walnut, Ginger, Black Cumin, Eucalyptus, Zerin Ghiah, Artemisia, Frasium, Sage, Lemon balm, Myrtle, Turmeric, Clove, Mint, Wild Thyme, Borage, Onion, Alyssum, Lepidium, Edible Radish, Decorative Leeks, Dandelion, Balsam, Saffron Turmeric, Ginkgo, Olive, Yellow Safflower, Shrub, Persian Thyme, Draco, and Stachys are among the most significant medicinal plants effective against toxoplasmosis, which is a major cause of miscarriage.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that many medicinal plants in traditional Iranian medicine are known for their ability to combat toxoplasmosis. These plants possess anti-parasitic properties and immune-enhancing effects, which can help alleviate the effects of toxoplasmosis and prevent complications such as miscarriage. However, the use of these plants should be under the supervision of a physician and in conjunction with standard treatments to avoid any adverse effects.
Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2025
Objective: Salmonella infections constitute a growing healthcare concern ranging from gastroenter... more Objective: Salmonella infections constitute a growing healthcare concern ranging from gastroenteritis to severe invasive diseases that require hospitalization. Persea americana is valued for its high nutritional content and health benefits. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of Persea americana derived seed peptide (PASP) on Salmonella-infected Wistar rats.
Methods: Peptide from the plant material was obtained via aqueous extraction. Susceptibility testing of PASP against the test multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi was performed using standard microbiological assays. The constituents in PASP were measured via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and virtually screened against DNA gyrase B. Therapeutic effect of PASP was evaluated in-vivo using murine model, comprising seven different groups (n=3).
Results: PASP elicited potent activity against the tested organism producing inhibition zone of: 22 mm at 100 mg/ml, and MIC value of 25 mg/ml. The pharmacodynamics of PASP revealed a time dependent decline in microbial cells. Amongst the constituents of PASP, Phenylalanine, Cystine, Histidine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid had the highest binding scores, with the free binding energy of these compounds superior to Ofloxacin. PASP had appreciable therapeutic effect on the S. typhi infected rats via alleviating signs and symptoms of infection, modulating hematological parameters PCV (44.00±0.57%), WBC (6.93±2.08x109/L), Lymphoctyes (8.46±4.08%); and had no pronounced detrimental impact on the rats’ biomarkers ALP (44.33±3.17 U/L), AST (184.66±4.05 U/L), ALT (108.33±13.17 U/L) (group administered with 25 mg/ml PASP).
Discussion: These findings provide substantial evidence on the safety and anti-Salmonella efficacy of bioactive peptide from P. americana seeds
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 2025
Objective: During pregnancy, maintaining the health of both the mother and fetus is of utmost imp... more Objective: During pregnancy, maintaining the health of both the mother and fetus is of utmost importance. The selection of effective and safe therapeutic methods to address the challenges of pregnancy is crucial. In this context, medicinal plants are recognized as a natural and complementary option in traditional medicine that can play a significant role in enhancing pregnancy and supporting fetal health.
Methods: This review article examines the native medicinal plants of Iran that are used in traditional medicine to strengthen pregnancy and maintain maternal health. The literature search was conducted using reputable scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, along with traditional medicine books and online resources. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and only those related to the topic were evaluated.
Results: According to traditional Iranian medicine, various medicinal plants are used to strengthen and maintain pregnancy health. These include cardamom, ginger, lemon balm, dandelion, lavender, chamomile, thyme, fennel, licorice, damask rose, mint, fenugreek, licorice, nettle, rosemary, rosehip, lemon verbena, cinnamon, and jujube. These plants, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calming properties, are effective in supporting maternal health.
Conclusion: Studies show that the use of medicinal plants can play an important role in strengthening and maintaining pregnancy health. These plants, due to their unique properties such as reducing inflammation and improving the function of various body systems, support maternal well-being. However, to prevent potential side effects and drug interactions, the use of these plants should be supervised by a healthcare provider or traditional medicine expert.
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Methods: In this review study, key terms such as influenza, traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and treatment were searched in databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Scopus. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and relevant articles were used for the literature review.
Results: Several medicinal plants, including turmeric, ginger, echinacea, and peppermint, are used in traditional medicine for treating cold and flu. The most common plant families are Lamiaceae (26.1%) and Asteraceae (17.4%). The main therapeutic properties are antiviral (39.1%) and immune-boosting (34.8%), followed by anti-inflammatory and symptom-relieving effects (26.1%). Other properties, like antimicrobial and sedative effects, were less common.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of medicinal plants in managing and treating influenza. Given the widespread nature of the disease and its disruptive symptoms, phytotherapy can complement conventional treatments, helping to reduce illness severity and accelerate recovery. The findings suggest that these plants are a safe and effective option, especially for high-risk groups like children. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage and administration methods
Objective: The present study evaluates in vitro effect of aqueous extract of M. uniflorum (AEMU) on calcium oxalate crystallization.
Material & Methods: An AEMU at different concentration (250 - 1500 µg/ml) was subjected to in vitro activity. The results were compared with a standard herbal product (Cystone) available in market. The nucleation and crystal growth assay were performed taking different concentration of sodium oxalate (2-10 mmol/ml) for nucleation and (2-3.5 mmol/ml) for crystal growth and evaluate the inhibitory effect of AEMU at different concentration level of oxalate. Calcium oxalate crystal aggregation and dissolution assays were performed and compared with the effects observed in standard.
Results: The results showed that AEMU has excellent calcium oxalate crystallization inhibition activity in nucleation rate and crystal growth when evaluated at different concentration levels of oxalate. Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation and crystal dissolution were observed in dose dependent manner.
Conclusion: AEMU showed the crystallization inhibition and crystal dissolution properties suggest strong scientific evidence for its use in renal stones.
This study aims to identify and present medicinal plants traditionally used for relieving menstrual pain based on ethnobotanical documentation from eastern Iran.
Methodology: This review study was conducted using a systematic search of relevant articles. The keywords included medicinal plants, Iran, menstrual pain, Khorasan, Kerman, Sistan, and ethnobotany. The search was performed in academic databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were selected for review and analysis.
Results: In the eastern and southeastern regions of Iran, particularly in areas such as Bahraseman (southeastern Iran), Tang-e-Balengestan, Chupar (Kerman), Khabar and Zochun, Deh Lolu (Kerman), Sirjan (Kerman), Sistan, Maneh and Samalqan, Mashhad, and Hezar Kuh (southeastern Iran), various medicinal plants have been traditionally used for menstrual pain relief. These include Verbascum behbahanense, Medicago orbicularis, Bunium persicum, Ziziphora tenuior, Scrophularia striata, Cicer anatolicum, Achillea millefolium, Salvia officinalis, Anethum graveolens, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Foeniculum vulgare, Solanum nigrum, Glaucium elegans, Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria aurea, Centaurea behen, Capsicum frutescens, and Asparagus officinalis.
Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that traditional ethnobotanical practices in eastern Iran rely on a diverse range of medicinal plants for menstrual pain relief. Many of these plants exhibit anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and hormone-modulating properties. Further scientific and clinical research is essential to validate their efficacy and explore their potential as complementary, low-risk treatments for managing menstrual pain.
Methods: Tomatoes from Kurdistan, at immature and mature stages, were processed to obtain extracts. Cresolase was evaluated across pH levels. Protein concentrations were quantified via the Bradford method, and kinetic parameters were calculated using varying p-cresol concentrations. Inhibitory effects of glycine and cysteine were assessed, and catecholase thermal stability under immature conditions was tested at different temperatures. Nonlinear regression models, supported by SAS and GraphPad Prism software, were applied to analyze and optimize enzymatic activity trends.
Results: The study identified pH 6.7 as optimal in both immature and mature samples. At 0.16 mM p-cresol concentration, Vmax was 0.15 units/mg protein, Km was 0.11 mM, and catalytic efficiency reached 1.37 units/mg protein/mM. Glycine exhibited stronger inhibition than cysteine, with IC50 values of 1.7 mM in mature and 0.4 mM in immature samples. Enzyme activity peaked at 45 minutes with inhibitors and 40 minutes without inhibitors. Glycine-treated samples exhibited slower declines in activity than cysteine-treated ones. Optimal performance was at 45°C without inhibitors and 40°C with inhibitors, while higher temperatures caused activity loss due to structural stress.
Conclusion: cresolase activity varies depending on pH, temperature, and inhibitors. Studies on kinetics and mathematical models can contribute to the development of strategies for controlling browning in food products and designing protective mechanisms for plants
Methodology: This review explores the traditional sources of Iranian medicine to identify medicinal plants known to be effective in treating male infertility.
Results: The findings highlight several key plants, such as Tribulus terrestris, ginger, walnut, almond, grape, fenugreek, parsley, garlic, chamomile, saffron, andrographis, oregano, carrot, red raspberry, cherry, clover, Vitex agnus-castus, green beans, fava beans, soy, celery, spinach, green tea, nettle, banana, and onion, which are considered among the most important medicinal plants for treating male infertility in Iranian traditional medicine.
Conclusion: The medicinal plants identified in Iranian traditional medicine can serve as complementary treatments alongside modern approaches for male infertility. However, further scientific research is required to confirm their effectiveness and standardize their use in clinical practice.
Methods: The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of literature and regulatory documents to identify current practices, standardization techniques, and global frameworks.
Results: Key findings highlight the importance of standardization across the entire lifecycle of herbal medicines—from cultivation and harvesting to extraction, analysis, and final formulation. Various methods such as botanical authentication, physicochemical testing, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis, DNA barcoding, and biological assays are discussed. Additionally, the review outlines major challenges including phytochemical complexity, variability in raw materials, regulatory disparities, and limited access to advanced technologies in developing regions. It also discusses the need for harmonized global standards and integration of modern scientific tools like genomics and chemometrics.
Conclusion: This review also outlines future directions for research and regulatory integration aimed at enhancing the consistency, safety, and global acceptance of herbal medicines. The major contribution of this paper is its comprehensive synthesis of standardization strategies, challenges, and regulatory considerations, offering a roadmap to bridge the gap between traditional herbal practices and modern pharmaceutical standards.
Methodology: For this review, searches were conducted in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar, as well as in traditional Iranian medicine reference books, to gather relevant articles on medicinal plants that affect gestational diabetes. Medicinal plants commonly used in Iranian traditional medicine for the management of gestational diabetes were selected for review. The aim was to identify plants with the potential to manage gestational diabetes while minimizing side effects.
Results: In Iranian traditional medicine, various medicinal plants have been used to manage gestational diabetes, including cinnamon, borage, fenugreek, barberry, valerian, thyme, mint, lemon balm, green cumin, ginger, green tea, barley, bitter melon, olive, sage, neem, nettle, walnut, eggplant, jujube, beans, lentils, bananas, pumpkin, sesame, mustard, coconut, and ginger. These plants are considered among the most significant for managing gestational diabetes in Iranian traditional medicine.
Conclusion: Gestational diabetes is a common condition during pregnancy that requires precise and effective management to prevent serious complications for both the mother and the fetus. In Iranian traditional medicine, numerous medicinal plants have been recognized as complementary treatments for gestational diabetes. The use of these plants can serve as a natural, cost-effective solution alongside standard medical treatments, particularly in cases of gestational diabetes. However, it is essential that the consumption of these plants is supervised by a healthcare provider to prevent potential side effects and drug interactions
Methods: The toxicity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated using the MTT assay, and the results were acceptable. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed using UV-Vis, SEM, and XRD analyses.
Results: The nanoparticles synthesized using the plant Tagets extract had a maximum absorption wavelength of 410 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The XRD and SEM patterns showed that the nanoparticles were mostly spherical in shape, with an average size in the nanometer range. The MTT results showed that the silver nanoparticles had dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects, significantly reducing cell viability. The IC50 values for the three cancer cell lines were 63.16, 40.19, and 63.39 µg/mL for MCF7, Hella, and A549, respectively, with the lowest IC50 value observed for cervical cancer.
Conclusion: Medicinal plants can be used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Thus, silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial effects, which alter the morphology of bacterial membranes, increasing the permeability of silver nanoparticles, leading to uncontrolled penetration into cells, and ultimately causing cell death
Methods: This review was conducted to identify and document the most prominent medicinal plants traditionally used for anesthesia in Iranian traditional medicine. A comprehensive search of scientific literature was carried out using the keywords “medicinal plants,” “anesthesia,” and “traditional Iranian medicine” in reputable databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.
Results: The findings revealed a wide array of medicinal plants referenced in traditional texts for their anesthetic or sedative properties. These include Papaver rhoeas (corn poppy), Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), Valeriana officinalis (valerian), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), Datura stramonium, Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Tilia spp. (linden), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Ephedra spp., Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Echinacea purpurea, Allium sativum (garlic), Borassus flabellifer (palmyra palm), Boswellia serrata (frankincense), Salix aegyptiaca (Persian willow), Passiflora incarnata (passionflower), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Echium amoenum (Iranian borage), and Piper methysticum (kava).
Conclusion: This review highlights the diversity of herbal agents historically used for anesthesia within traditional Persian medicine. Further research into their mechanisms of action, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological safety could contribute to the development of safer, plant-based anesthetic alternatives.
Objective: This study aimed to isolate Lactobacillus strains from human and camel urine and evaluate their antifungal activity against three Candida strains isolated from human vaginal samples.
Materials and Methods: In this research, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from human and camel urine. Then, the anti-Candida effect of isolated Lactobacillus spp. and two commercial probiotic formulations, Lactofem and Femi capsules containing Lactobacillus spp. 109 and 1.65 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively, was assessed using the microtiter plate method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the interaction of Lactobacillus and fluconazole against Candida was investigated using the checkerboard method.
Results: Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus crispatus were isolated from human urine samples, and Lactobacillus brevis was isolated from camel urine. The MIC of Lactobacillus spp. against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei was 1.87 × 107 CFU/mL. Antifungal effects of Lactofem and Femi against three Candida spp. were 6.25 × 106 CFU/mL and 2.062 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively. Among the probiotics, Lactofem had the highest, and Femi had the lowest anti-Candida effect. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration results show the synergistic effect of the combination of 9.37 × 106 CFU/mL Lactobacillus and 4 μg/mL fluconazole.
Conclusions: The finding of this study indicate that Lactobacillus spp. have potent antifungal activity against Candida infections and show synergistic effect when combined with fluconazole, suggesting their potential as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach in antifungal therapy. Future research is recommended to focus on developing clinical formulations and validating efficacy through in vivo studies.
may be recommended for their applications as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach in pharmaceutical formulations.
Methods: In this study, first, the three-dimensional structure of phytochemical compounds present in the two medicinal plants, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus grandis, was obtained from the PubChem database. Next, the three-dimensional structure of the virus coat protein was optimized using the Swiss-MODEL online tool. The ability of the selected chemical compounds to inhibit the coat protein associated with pathogen virulence was explored using the molecular docking method using the specialized software autodock4.2.6.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of Mimosa yellow vein virus coat protein revealed close relationships between some Begomovirus sequences (e.g., NP_808548.1 and NP_803540.1), while others (YP_00358491.1, ADW83758.1) showed divergence. The 3D protein model exhibited stable Ramachandran plot angles. Among thyme compounds, β-Myrcene had the highest permeability (logP=2.89), while γ-Terpinene showed the highest solubility (logS=-3.45). In eucalyptus, Isoamyl isovalerate (logP=3.05) and alpha-Terpinene (logS=-3.30) exhibited extreme values. Molecular docking identified strong binding interactions: Endo-borneol (-4.75 kcal/mol), α-Terpineol (-4.96 kcal/mol), and Terpinen-4-ol (-4.78 kcal/mol) from thyme, and beta-Terpineol (-5.14 kcal/mol), trans-Carveol (-5.15 kcal/mol), and Carvotanacetone (-5.21 kcal/mol) from eucalyptus exhibited the highest affinity for the viral coat protein. These findings suggest potential antiviral activity against Mimosa yellow vein virus.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the combination of a-Terpineol and Carvotanacetone act as the strongest binding molecules in thyme and eucalyptus plants, respectively. These compounds can be proposed as potent antagonists targeting the coat protein of Mimosa yellow vein virus, effectively impeding its function
Methods: In this study, first, the three-dimensional structure of phytochemical compounds present in the two medicinal plants, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus grandis, was obtained from the PubChem database. Next, the three-dimensional structure of the virus coat protein was optimized using the Swiss-MODEL online tool. The ability of the selected chemical compounds to inhibit the coat protein associated with pathogen virulence was explored using the molecular docking method using the specialized software autodock4.2.6.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of Mimosa yellow vein virus coat protein revealed close relationships between some Begomovirus sequences (e.g., NP_808548.1 and NP_803540.1), while others (YP_00358491.1, ADW83758.1) showed divergence. The 3D protein model exhibited stable Ramachandran plot angles. Among thyme compounds, β-Myrcene had the highest permeability (logP=2.89), while γ-Terpinene showed the highest solubility (logS=-3.45). In eucalyptus, Isoamyl isovalerate (logP=3.05) and alpha-Terpinene (logS=-3.30) exhibited extreme values. Molecular docking identified strong binding interactions: Endo-borneol (-4.75 kcal/mol), α-Terpineol (-4.96 kcal/mol), and Terpinen-4-ol (-4.78 kcal/mol) from thyme, and beta-Terpineol (-5.14 kcal/mol), trans-Carveol (-5.15 kcal/mol), and Carvotanacetone (-5.21 kcal/mol) from eucalyptus exhibited the highest affinity for the viral coat protein. These findings suggest potential antiviral activity against Mimosa yellow vein virus.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the combination of a-Terpineol and Carvotanacetone act as the strongest binding molecules in thyme and eucalyptus plants, respectively. These compounds can be proposed as potent antagonists targeting the coat protein of Mimosa yellow vein virus, effectively impeding its function
Methods: This review is based on a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of reputable printed and digital sources on Iranian traditional medicine, herbal pharmacopoeias, scientific articles, and electronic databases. The most significant medicinal plants demonstrated to ease infantile bloating were identified, examined, and systematically categorized.
Findings: According to classical texts and pharmacological references, herbal distillates derived from plants such as fennel, thyme, green cumin, ajwain, chamomile, licorice, coriander, lemon balm, anise, celery, savory, dill, ginger, and peppermint are widely used to alleviate infantile colic. Additionally, topical applications of plant oils and essential oils—including lavender, olive oil, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, and harmala—are commonly utilized in gentle abdominal massages to soothe Bloating-related discomfort.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the substantial potential of Iranian traditional medicine in managing infantile colic through the use of herbal preparations. When applied thoughtfully and scientifically, these botanicals offer a complementary, safe, cost-effective, and efficacious approach to symptom relief. Nonetheless, it is strongly advised that any oral or topical use of herbal products in infants be supervised by qualified healthcare professionals or traditional medicine practitioners to prevent possible adverse effects.
Methodology: This study adopts a narrative review methodology, drawing upon authoritative sources within Iranian traditional medicine, including Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi, Tohfeh-ye Hakim Momen, and Makhzan al-Adviah, among others. Supplementary data were retrieved from indexed academic databases using keywords such as “pain,” “surgery,” “children,” and “medicinal plants.”
Results: The review identified a range of medicinal plants traditionally used to mitigate surgical pain. These include borage (Borago officinalis), turmeric, ginger, chamomile, lavender, peppermint, rosemary, eucalyptus, parsley, black seed (Nigella sativa), clove, sage, rose, marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), castor, olive, and aloe vera. These have been applied in various forms—such as oils, gels, essential oils, and aromatherapy—according to traditional practices.
Conclusion: The evidence reviewed highlights a rich tradition of employing medicinal plants to ease post-operative pain in children, with specific emphasis on chamomile, lavender, marshmallow, aloe vera, and peppermint as both safe and frequently utilised agents. While traditional sources and preliminary scientific data support their potential efficacy, the absence of rigorous clinical trials remains a significant obstacle to their full integration into evidence-based paediatric care. Further experimental and clinical research is strongly recommended
Methods: In this review study, keywords such as "medicinal plants," "urinary frequency," "children," and "Iranian traditional medicine" were used for article searches. Valid databases, including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus, were examined to retrieve relevant articles.
Results: Several medicinal plants, including Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Citrus limon (lemon), Camellia sinensis (green tea), Althaea officinalis (marshmallow), Juglans regia (walnut), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Anethum graveolens (dill), Carum carvi (black caraway), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Cydonia oblonga (quince seed), Polygonum aviculare (knotgrass), Valeriana officinalis (valerian), Punica granatum (Persian pomegranate flower), Urtica urens (white nettle), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), have been traditionally used for treating urinary frequency.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that numerous medicinal plants with antioxidant properties have been employed in Iranian traditional medicine for managing pediatric urinary frequency. These plants, due to their flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, may alleviate symptoms by reducing inflammation, improving bladder function, and enhancing the immune system. However, further research is required to confirm their efficacy and establish appropriate dosages for children.
Methodology: In this review study, keywords such as toxoplasmosis, parasitic infection, traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and treatment were searched across reputable databases including Google Scholar, SID, MegIran, Scopus, as well as sources from traditional Iranian medicine. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and relevant ones were selected for review.
Results: Based on the findings, medicinal plants such as Golpar, Fennel, Henna, Caraway, Garlic, Walnut, Ginger, Black Cumin, Eucalyptus, Zerin Ghiah, Artemisia, Frasium, Sage, Lemon balm, Myrtle, Turmeric, Clove, Mint, Wild Thyme, Borage, Onion, Alyssum, Lepidium, Edible Radish, Decorative Leeks, Dandelion, Balsam, Saffron Turmeric, Ginkgo, Olive, Yellow Safflower, Shrub, Persian Thyme, Draco, and Stachys are among the most significant medicinal plants effective against toxoplasmosis, which is a major cause of miscarriage.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that many medicinal plants in traditional Iranian medicine are known for their ability to combat toxoplasmosis. These plants possess anti-parasitic properties and immune-enhancing effects, which can help alleviate the effects of toxoplasmosis and prevent complications such as miscarriage. However, the use of these plants should be under the supervision of a physician and in conjunction with standard treatments to avoid any adverse effects.
Methods: Peptide from the plant material was obtained via aqueous extraction. Susceptibility testing of PASP against the test multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi was performed using standard microbiological assays. The constituents in PASP were measured via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and virtually screened against DNA gyrase B. Therapeutic effect of PASP was evaluated in-vivo using murine model, comprising seven different groups (n=3).
Results: PASP elicited potent activity against the tested organism producing inhibition zone of: 22 mm at 100 mg/ml, and MIC value of 25 mg/ml. The pharmacodynamics of PASP revealed a time dependent decline in microbial cells. Amongst the constituents of PASP, Phenylalanine, Cystine, Histidine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid had the highest binding scores, with the free binding energy of these compounds superior to Ofloxacin. PASP had appreciable therapeutic effect on the S. typhi infected rats via alleviating signs and symptoms of infection, modulating hematological parameters PCV (44.00±0.57%), WBC (6.93±2.08x109/L), Lymphoctyes (8.46±4.08%); and had no pronounced detrimental impact on the rats’ biomarkers ALP (44.33±3.17 U/L), AST (184.66±4.05 U/L), ALT (108.33±13.17 U/L) (group administered with 25 mg/ml PASP).
Discussion: These findings provide substantial evidence on the safety and anti-Salmonella efficacy of bioactive peptide from P. americana seeds
Methods: This review article examines the native medicinal plants of Iran that are used in traditional medicine to strengthen pregnancy and maintain maternal health. The literature search was conducted using reputable scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, along with traditional medicine books and online resources. Irrelevant articles were excluded, and only those related to the topic were evaluated.
Results: According to traditional Iranian medicine, various medicinal plants are used to strengthen and maintain pregnancy health. These include cardamom, ginger, lemon balm, dandelion, lavender, chamomile, thyme, fennel, licorice, damask rose, mint, fenugreek, licorice, nettle, rosemary, rosehip, lemon verbena, cinnamon, and jujube. These plants, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calming properties, are effective in supporting maternal health.
Conclusion: Studies show that the use of medicinal plants can play an important role in strengthening and maintaining pregnancy health. These plants, due to their unique properties such as reducing inflammation and improving the function of various body systems, support maternal well-being. However, to prevent potential side effects and drug interactions, the use of these plants should be supervised by a healthcare provider or traditional medicine expert.