Journal of animal health and production, Dec 31, 2022
P oultry is a growing industry across the world to justi- fy the protein demands of people. At th... more P oultry is a growing industry across the world to justi- fy the protein demands of people. At the same time, there are high concerns about the emissions (organic dust, gases, and heavy metals) that are coming from such large facilities. The emissions from such facilities goes into different environmental media which results in public health impacts . Among these, metal pollution is a major public health risk and the contribution of intensive poultry farming to heavy metal emissions into the air, soil and water have the potential to negatively affect ecosystems and human populations. Some metals such as Selenium, Copper, Iron and Zinc are purposefully added to the feed to enhance feed efficacy, weight and research Article Abstract | Poultry industry is progressing worldwide due to cheap sources of proteins and it is also considered as the center of various organic and inorganic emissions. The current study was designed to see the release of different metals from the poultry farms. Air samples both from indoor and outdoor along with the litter and feed samples of ten poultry houses were collected from the outskirts of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Poultry farms were varied in feed and grouped into three categories: Group A (using Feed A), Group B (using Feed B) and Group C (using Feed C). All collected samples were digested with aqua regia and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fourteen metals were detected and categorized as essential (Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg)), trace (Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn)) and heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb)). In general, the concentration of all essential, trace, and heavy metals was found to be highest in feed followed by litter and air samples. However, Cr, Hg and Pb were higher in litter samples of group A as compared to feed and air. All the samples were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA. A significant difference of feed was present with litter and air samples within groups (p<0.05) however, no significant differences were recorded among different groups. Overall it was noticed that the concentration of metals in feed samples were reflecting in litter and air. So, there is a need to ensure intervention and management policies in intensive poultry farming facilities to establish standards for metal in feed to reduce their bioaccumulation in the environment.
Journal of Integrative Life Sciences (JILS) , 2025
Particulate matter (PM), a complex mixture of airborne solid and liquid particles, has been linke... more Particulate matter (PM), a complex mixture of airborne solid and liquid particles, has been linked to a range of adverse health effects, particularly affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, dermal, and, in some cases, musculoskeletal systems. This review critically examines the occupational health impacts of PM exposure on workers in four key industries: poultry, leather, brick kilns, and paint manufacturing. Through the synthesis of current literature, the review highlights differences in exposure levels, types of PMrelated hazards, and available mitigation strategies across these sectors. The findings underscore the urgent need for stringent occupational health policies and preventive measures to minimize the health risks posed by PM exposure in industrial work environments.
In the present era a tremendous increase in industries is found which directly linked to raising ... more In the present era a tremendous increase in industries is found which directly linked to raising human population and their associated needs. This industrial revolution brings changes in human life on one hand and have negative impacts on the human life on other hand as these industries are source of tons of wastes that released into the atmosphere. Emissions includes particulate matters (aflatoxins, endotoxins and dust), heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg and Ni), gases (NH3, SO2, NOx, H2S and CO), and volatile organic compounds. The current review study emphasized on emissions from four major industries such as poultry, leather, brick kiln and paint industry and its influence on worker's health. It is well known the emissions produced significant negative impact on the respiratory system of the workers particularly those which are continuously exposed to particulate enriched environments. The emissions can cause bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic bronchitis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The acute and chronic symptoms also depend on time and duration of exposure and concentration of emissions. It is reported in literature studies most of the respiratory issues are due to lack of proper precaution measures, awareness and personal protective equipment's in these industries. So, there is need to highlight these industries related problems to create general awareness among people and to aware regulatory bodies so that they bring strictness on the use of proper personal equipment and to control the impacts of industrial emissions on the lungs of the workers.
B isphenolA (BPA) is an organic chemical commonly used in the manufacturing of polycarbonates, ep... more B isphenolA (BPA) is an organic chemical commonly used in the manufacturing of polycarbonates, epoxy resins, and other polymer products as a monomer or additive. Its most important applications are the formation of polyacrylate resins, polyester resins, flame retardants, polysulfone resins, and polyethylene resin (Huang et al., 2011; Almeida et al., 2018). Although, it is a well-studied endocrine disruptor Abstract | Bisphenol-A (BPA) exhibits toxic, endocrine, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in living organisms. However, some dietary elements, such as cinnamon is gaining attention as it has antioxidant effects both in vivo and in vitro. The present research study was designed to see the effect of cinnamon against BPA induced Sprague Dawley rats. In the study Sprague Dawley rats of an average 300 gram body weigt were used. The rats were divided into control and treated groups. The control group was comprised of normal control (C; untreated), vehicle control (P; treated with 1ml olive oil), and positive control (BG1; only treated with BPA). Treated groups were included the pretreated group (CG2; pretreated with C. cassia at 225 mg/ kg/BW 24 hours before BPA) and the post-treated group (CG3; post-treated with C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/ BW 24 hours before BPA). In the experiment Sprague Dawley rats were fed by BPA that was followed by the intake of C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW of the rat. Liver (Total bilirubin, alkaline phosphate test, Lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine amino transferase) and kidney (Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine, and Uric acid) biomarkers were assessed. The highest levels of ALT and ALP were linked to liver injury and a higher weight in the liver were observed in BPA treated rats as compared to the control group. Similarly, an increase in blood parameters were recorded in BPA treated rats followed by post-treated rats and pre-treated group. It was concluded by the study that BPA have pronounced adverse effects in the exposed animals particularly in BPA and cinnamon post-treated rats as compared to pre-treated rats.
P oultry is a growing industry across the world to justify the protein demands of people. At the ... more P oultry is a growing industry across the world to justify the protein demands of people. At the same time, there are high concerns about the emissions (organic dust, gases, and heavy metals) that are coming from such large facilities. The emissions from such facilities goes into different environmental media which results in public health impacts (Bakutis et al., 2004; Lammel et al., 2004; Barrasa et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2017). Among these, metal pollution is a major public health risk and the contribution of intensive poultry farming to heavy metal emissions into the air, soil and water have the potential to negatively affect ecosystems and human populations. Some metals such as Selenium, Copper, Iron and Zinc are purposefully added to the feed to enhance feed efficacy, weight and research Article Abstract | Poultry industry is progressing worldwide due to cheap sources of proteins and it is also considered as the center of various organic and inorganic emissions. The current study was designed to see the release of different metals from the poultry farms. Air samples both from indoor and outdoor along with the litter and feed samples of ten poultry houses were collected from the outskirts of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Poultry farms were varied in feed and grouped into three categories: Group A (using Feed A), Group B (using Feed B) and Group C (using Feed C). All collected samples were digested with aqua regia and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fourteen metals were detected and categorized as essential (Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg)), trace (Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn)) and heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb)). In general, the concentration of all essential, trace, and heavy metals was found to be highest in feed followed by litter and air samples. However, Cr, Hg and Pb were higher in litter samples of group A as compared to feed and air. All the samples were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA. A significant difference of feed was present with litter and air samples within groups (p<0.05) however, no significant differences were recorded among different groups. Overall it was noticed that the concentration of metals in feed samples were reflecting in litter and air. So, there is a need to ensure intervention and management policies in intensive poultry farming facilities to establish standards for metal in feed to reduce their bioaccumulation in the environment.
Markhor is a national animal of Pakistan. It is present in different regions of KPK, and Balochis... more Markhor is a national animal of Pakistan. It is present in different regions of KPK, and Balochistan, with the majority of the population in KPK particularly in Swat and Chitral district. Markhor has two sub-species that are further divided in to ve types Astor Markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri), Kashmir or Pir Panjal Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis), Kabul Markhor (Capra falconeri megaceros), Suleiman Markhor (Capra falconeri jerdoni), and Chiltan Markhor (Capra falconeri chialtanensis). The fth one Chiltan Markhor is not a true Markhor and considered a crossbreed of Markhor and wild goat. These Markhor species are present in different areas of Pakistan and they differ from each other on the basis of their location and their horns. Its IUCN status is near threatened in Pakistan. The major reasons for its decline are habitat loss, illegal hunting and poaching. Although, a number of conservation programs and various national and international agencies are working for the protection of this animal such as TCP, KPK wildlife department etc. The present review highlights the importance of Markhor along with its distribution, major threats and conservation strategies adopted to protect Markhor.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Aug 15, 2023
Aflatoxins are types of biological toxins also known as mycotoxins and can be produced by 100 dif... more Aflatoxins are types of biological toxins also known as mycotoxins and can be produced by 100 different types of fungi. The most common types of mycotoxins are AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. These are toxic metabolites that are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. In the present study, the most common method thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to estimate the levels of aflatoxins in broiler, quail and ostrich feed samples. A total of 18 samples were collected from different sites of broiler, quail, and ostrich farms and local shops in Lahore. Upon quantification by TLC method, the contamination was detected in 12 samples (66.66%) out of 18 samples. B1, B2, G1 aflatoxins were detected in different feed samples. The prevalence of the aflatoxins in overall feed samples was noticed in the following order B1>B2>G1. A less amount of contamination was noticed in broiler feed samples as compared to quail and ostrich feed samples. Results were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and significant differences in p-value < 0.05 were noticed for aflatoxins in broilers with quail and ostrich. While non-significant differences at p-value > 0.05 were noticed for ostrich and quail feed samples. By independent sample T-test, a significant difference was noticed in positive feed samples of summer and winter seasons at p-value < 0.05. The most contaminated samples were found in the summer season as compared to the winter season. However, it was concluded that might be the storage conditions of feed samples need to improve and should be regulated by feed authorities so that the effects of aflatoxins can be reduced in the feed samples.
Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences
Aflatoxins are common contaminants in human food supplies that affects the world's developing... more Aflatoxins are common contaminants in human food supplies that affects the world's developing economies. These are cosmopolitan in distribution and found everywhere in nature and can grow under drought, warm, and humid conditions. The aflatoxins are secondary metabolites and mostly found in feed and food products. These areoncogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive in nature. On the basis of the aflatoxin producing fungi, the aflatoxins are roughly split into two distinct groups: those that penetrate in pre-harvest circumstances and those that are generated in post-harvest conditions. Aflatoxins exposure has great public health impact in economically developing nations and lot of research is taking place to reduce its harmful impacts; as a result, we need to establish preventive strategies that are feasible for these high-risk populations. This review provides in-depth information regarding the presence of aflatoxins, their analysis, and potentially harmful consequences on huma...
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