Papers by Murtala Muhammad
This paper is a study of the potentials of tomato production as a viable source of economic empow... more This paper is a study of the potentials of tomato production as a viable source of economic empowerment. An empirical survey was undertaken through oral interviews in Kano to identify farmers' revenues, and agricultural development thereby assessing the connection between tomato production and economic reliance. The paper also highlighted the potentials in tomato farming, the major constraints militating against its sustainable production and measures for alleviating these constraints. This scenario was explained using climatic and weather characteristics with appropriate agronomic and economic measures by reference to a constructive theoretical model through which the interrupted supply trend can be overcome. The Kano River Irrigation Project increased production in the dry and wet seasons with about 70% of the total tomato and other vegetable products in the entire Northern part of the country coming from Kadawa dry season faming. This scheme makes significant contributions to...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2020
Human trafficking is an international phenomenon. Trafficking in person report the menace as a mu... more Human trafficking is an international phenomenon. Trafficking in person report the menace as a multifaceted and illicit trade that continues to generate billions of dollars to the global criminal networks annually. Nigerians especially females are trafficked abroad day in day out. This makes the most populous African nation among the largest source of victims to international trafficking networks. Nigeria tries to combat the menace by establishing a specialised anti-human trafficking agency. The agency is accountable for the implementation of the policy. However, putting policy into action presents thoughtful barriers that create implementation gaps. To date, there is nearly no study that looks into the activities of the Nigeria anti-trafficking agency using the trafficking in person report. The investigation is a qualitative enquiry that uses an in-depth systematic review on human trafficking, which paid attention to putting anti-trafficking policy into practice. This is amongst a few studies that attempt to comprehend the state of human trafficking service delivery to the victims in Nigeria. It finds limited training, meagre resources, absence of awareness and corruption as the main barriers hampering efficient policy implementation. .
WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
With the advancement in technology, globalization, ideological explosions and the widespread of l... more With the advancement in technology, globalization, ideological explosions and the widespread of light weapons across the globe, the world is fast becoming insecure. In the contemporary world, insecurity knows no bound. Today, terrorism, mass – shooting, kidnapping and banditry have become threats to peace and security and are the highest contributors to humanitarian crises globally as well as the Lake Chad Region. This paper provides analytical and graphic scenarios of increase in defence budget, forgoing critical sectors of human capital development and infrastructure to finance wars and instabilities which only succeeds in making a cyclical adventure of insecurities. The study makes comparative analysis of the phenomenon from 2011 to 2020 when the budget was N121 billion; but with heightened insecurity, the budget was raised to N899 billion. The analyses showed that increase in the defence budget is at the expense of other critical sectors of development including education, agric...
Techno Science Africana Journal, 2018
Over the years the discovery of oil and its attending mismanagement have contributed to the decli... more Over the years the discovery of oil and its attending mismanagement have contributed to the decline of the Nigerian manufacturing. It is an established fact that resource-poor nations outdone the resource-rich nations. The national economies are exposed to marked prices when they dependent on natural resources revenues. The oil dependence and the precariousness of oil prices in global markets lead to major challenges in fiscal planning, lead to financial disaster when oil prices fall down and decrease the value of public spending. When oil prices drop, however, fiscal budgets go into deficit; oil dependent economies begin taking loans leveraged against their reserves, and walk unhindered into debt. This paper discusses the resource curse in Nigeria following significant oil discoveries. The study took a historical perspective to trace the history of the Dutch Disease in Nigeria and how it affects the manufacturing industry. The paper also seeks to answer the question on whether manufacturing was neglected as a result of the oil boom. The literature review shows that when a country discovers a substantial oil and gas deposit and begins large-scale exportation, it results in the appreciation of the country's real exchange rate, thereby reducing the competitiveness of the country's traditional export. First, it was discovered that persistent increase in oil price negatively impact output in manufacturing as consistent with the Dutch disease. Second, facts in the data confirm that the huge assurances held out by the inflow of earnings from oil export have not made any momentous improvement in the economy and lives of Nigerians in general. The paper traces the challenge to the inherent contradictions connected with countries that depend on oil as their key export article of trade. Third, it is discovered that Dutch disease affects manufacturing performance indicators including capacity utilisation, cost of production, installed and actual efficiencies. To treat the disease needs a holistic approach involving effective administration of the nation's oil revenue. Although the disease appears to have become malignant in Nigeria, it is still curable, at least in the long-run, if suitable measures are truly implemented and successive governments at all levels exhibit the political will to overcome the illness. This implies that the government should strive towards long term economic development and diversification by enhancing among others, its institutional quality and combating corruption. The paper is a wakeup call to support the manufacturing sector for employment generation and economic growth.
Techno Science Africana Journal, 2018
Nigeria has never had it so bad and had not recovered since the introduction of Structural Adjust... more Nigeria has never had it so bad and had not recovered since the introduction of Structural Adjustment programme. The continued application of the SAP measures had negative impact on the manufacturing sector of the economy. The process of achieving the set objectives of structural adjustment programme (SAP) produced unpleasant effects that put to question the sincerity of purpose of the SAP policy designers and implementers. The central focus of this article is to examine the impact of SAP on the manufacturing economy from 1986 to 2016. The study further identifies the distinct components of structural adjustment of free market approach. It further studied the emergence and dynamics of SAP in Nigeria by examining the implementation strategies of this economic reform and contends that the policies led to the near collapse of the manufacturing sector. The findings indicated that on the domestic scene the problems that have essentially surfaced include fiscal crisis, growing rate of unemployment, shortage of raw materials and spare parts, rising rate of inflation among many others. SAP has succeeded in making the factories unviable and at the mercy of foreign factories. A survey of the industries was undertaken and it is found that the adjustment policies had negative effects on profits, capacity utilisation, sales, exports and production costs. Over all, the results show that inflation increase, local currency depreciated and prices of goods skyrocketed as a result of the reforms. This article is both timely and relevant.
Sarjana, 2018
Petroleum resource dependent Nigerian economy along with poor governance, challenges the Nigerian... more Petroleum resource dependent Nigerian economy along with poor governance, challenges the Nigerian textile industry. Moreover, there is a sheer lack of political will to formulate policies directed at industrial growth by the Nigerian political class. The growth of textile industry is essential if Nigeria is to foster structural change and translate its potentials. This article examines how poor policy implementation stunted the development of the Nigerian textile industry from 1985 to 2015. The textile industry's decline reflects internal challenges and the failure to provide supportive policy measures and critical infrastructure for the growth of the sector. This is also related to Nigeria's overreliance on petroleum at the expense of other economic sectors. This article focuses on the neglect faced by the textile industry. Our findings indicate that overreliance on petroleum resources emboldened imports of foreign made products especially from China. It calls for the application of an industrial policy to increase the competitiveness of the Nigerian textile industry globally. The article provides an understanding into the reasons for the collapse of the textile industry. It also contributes to the need for industrial policy consideration for resource dependent economies.
Wudil Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2020
This study examines the transformations and dynamics, as exemplified in the historical successes ... more This study examines the transformations and dynamics, as exemplified in the historical successes and challenges on the Kano textile industry. It discusses the phenomenal trends in textile trade and production in Kano and explores the debilitating nature of the textile activities in the tail end of the 20th century and the 21st century. By narrowing down its focus to Kano and a significant sector of the Nigerian economy, the paper represents a refreshing departure from the prevailing broad, thematic approach that seems to have become the vogue in most scholarly analyses. The central hypothesis is that as far as the Kano textile industry is concerned, the current bastion of Kano textile production and trade has been pursuing a policy of de-industrialization. Using information obtained from literature and face-to-face interview to bridge the existing gap between the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial Kano, Nigeria. The paper concludes that the challenges confronting the industry in this era where territorial borders became increasingly more irrelevant and economic interdependence is accentuated are enormous resulting in declined and subsequent collapsed with the introduction of neoliberal Structural Adjustment Programme in the mid 1980s and joining the World Trade Organization in the mid 1990s. These measures stifled growth and survival of the Kano textile industry in competition with textile manufactures coming from technologically advanced China.
Wudil Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019
Research trends provide scientific explanations on research performance and outputs. In this arti... more Research trends provide scientific explanations on research performance and outputs. In this article, we evaluate Bayero University, Kano (BUK) publication trends from 1977 to 2017 as represented in the Elsevier's SciVerse Scopus, which is the most massive abstracting and citation databank. Most productive years, top subject categories, document types and language of publications, distribution of journals top cited articles published by scholars from the University were analysed. Moreover, top journals; top collaborators and most cited and most prolific authors that published the University articles were evaluated. The results imply that articles document type took an enormous share of the contributions from the university with 85.5%. The yearly production of the articles expands gradually from 1977 to late 1980s and increase in momentum from 2007 to 2017. About hundred percent of all the documents were published in English. The study establishes research collaborations within and outside the country. 14 Scopus journals published at least 10 articles authored by the BUK scholars. Most of these journals are either from the field of medicine or chemistry. It is apparent that Malaysia followed the US and the UK are the noticeable BUK collaborating partners, while ABU, AKTH, and UPM are the most prominent institutional collaborators. Research of this nature establishes the visibility and ranking of universities in the academic sphere. Indeed, the growth of literature when encouraged determines individual universities academic status.
Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 2019
In compliance with the spirit of trade liberalisation and the subsequent implementation of the Wo... more In compliance with the spirit of trade liberalisation and the subsequent implementation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement of which Nigeria was a signatory the Nigerian textile industry was adversely affected. To make matters worse, on the January 1, 1997, the nation was informed during the fiscal policy announcement that the ban on importation of textiles and some other items was lifted. Trade liberalisation became harmful to Nigerian textile industry because of the inadequacies of the local economy and bad infrastructure which leads to high cost of production. This article examines the relationship between trade liberalisation and the dwindling fortune of textile industries in Nigeria. In this direction, the researcher compares financial data of a period of four years before textile import was liberalised, and four years during the period of trade liberalisation. To achieve this, financial records of five most viable textile companies were analysed. The analysis involved data of four years before trade liberalisation 1993 to 1996. These financial data were compared with data of four years during the period of trade liberalisation 1997 to 2000. Through this analysis, a trend emerged which supported the argument of the devastating effect of trade liberalisation to the fortune of textile industry in the country. The study recognised that the adoption of the neoliberal policies by Nigeria brought about low sales, low profit, low dividend and share. The case of the textile industry in Nigeria as result of trade liberalisation is a case of deindustrialisation. The industry lacks the wherewithal to reap the gains of globalisation substantially. This paper is an effort to call on policymakers to create an enabling environment for the industry to recover from its huge and cumulative losses.
Wudil Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2020
This study evaluates the Nigeria’s scientific output of Environmental Science in the Thomson Reut... more This study evaluates the Nigeria’s scientific output of Environmental Science in the Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science from 1970 to 2020. The document type, language, trend and collaboration patterns, as well as the output of different journals, and the most cited articles were studied to figure out the research focuses and trends. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, and Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis published most of Nigerian articles in the area of Environmental Science. The University of Ibadan, University of Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello University and Obafemi Awolowo University were the top four institutions that published most articles in Nigeria. This study showed that Nigeria develops fast in environmental science research and has increasing number of publications recent years. Moreover, International collaboration plays a role in the Nigerian environmental science research. Studies on environmental sciences are among the strategic niche areas of research in the present world. It will still have a strong application potential in the future.
The bibliometric analysis has been widely used to the study of scientific research and production... more The bibliometric analysis has been widely used to the study of scientific research and production trends. In Abstract recent years, many bibliometric investigations have been This study evaluates the Nigeria's scientific output of carried out in environment-related topics, including climate change (Li et al., 2011), desalination (Han et al., Environmental Science in the Thomson Reuter's Web of 2011), solid waste (Fu et al., 2010), lead in drinking Science from 1970 to 2020. The document type, water (Hu et al., 2010), risk assessment (Mao et al., language, trend and collaboration patterns, as well as the 2010), wetland (L. Zhang et al., 2010), volatile organic output of different journals, and the most cited articles compounds (Zhang et al., 2010), atmospheric were studied to revealed out the research focuses and simulation (
Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development, 2021
Boko Haram has been terrorizing Nigeria for close to two decades. Its history of violence dates b... more Boko Haram has been terrorizing Nigeria for close to two decades. Its history of violence dates back to December 24, 2003. The crisis was first witnessed in Kano in January 2012, which came along with negative consequences on the economy. The insurgence affected production of manufacturing items generally and trade in particular. Fundamentally this article examined the effects of Boko Haram insurgence on trade and production in Kano from 2012 to 2020. The study discussed how the attacks in markets, motor parks and communities outside Kano that constitute the clientele of businesses in Kano massively affect the economy. The study used qualitative design to provide better understanding of the research problem. Data was drawn from multiple sources including articles from referred journals, books and chapters from referred books, newspapers, magazines and in-depth interviews. The findings indicated that the challenges that have basically surfaced include growing rate of unemployment, loss of revenue, and low industrial production among many others. Several local wholesalers and traders in business are sent packing out of the market as a result of a huge loss that is caused by the massive reduction in price, coming as a result of insecurity. The attack on Kano and trading communities around the Lake Chad area significantly threatens the 500 years old commercial centre of the Western Sudan and the foundation of economic wellbeing of the northern region. Also affected is the multi-billion naira Kano Kantin Kwari textile market reputed to be one of the biggest textile market in Sub-Sahara Africa. The January 20, 2012, Boko Haram multiple bombs explosion in the Kano metropolis marked the beginning of precarious condition of doing business in the boisterous Kano business space. It also experienced decline in business activities. All sectors of the economy were affected. The state known as the 'centre of commerce' was at its lowest ebb. Traders complained of low sales and manufacturers cut down on their expenses to adjust to the situation. This article can be used by policymakers and development strategist in developing workable measures to arrest the ranging insecurity in the country for trade and production to prosper in Kano and the country generally.
Techno Science Africa Journal, 2019
This paper is undergirded by consistent critical and principled analyses of the absence of philos... more This paper is undergirded by consistent critical and principled analyses of the absence of philosophy in aid donation from NGO's for Almajiri-child education. When aid is stripped of all its humanist finery, the fact of the matter is that it disempowers, immobilises its recipient. The paper traces the historical origin and dynamics of the Almajiri system of education from precolonial times when it was well managed by the authorities. The Almajiri system of education during the colonial intrusion and in the post colonial times was also discussed. It also discusses the contradictions that arise from incorporating aid regime into the educational development goals. Importantly, it also argued that aid dehumanises its recipients. Moreover, it encourages continuous dependence on donor agencies. The research has shown that the aid regime handout to NGOs meant to protect the rights of the Almajiri does not in any way bring an end to the menace. The tragedy is that, this condition has been on long enough; that the recipients fall prey to the gimmick of the donors and come to think that there is very little that authorities can do to manage the situation. This condition encourages an attitude of resignation that feeds on itself by making aid perpetually necessary. A large and growing share of development aid is derived from nongovernmental avenues, funded by transnational NGOs. Not much is known about the foreign aid regime, not even how it is shared across recipient countries; much less, what gives details of the allocation. Consequently, NGOs face a crisis of legitimacy with democracy in place, and the promise that it provides good governance where people are at the centre and are fairly represented and served. But, sadly, that has not been the case for more than two decades. The aid regime has not merely continued; it has intensified. Unfortunately, the government has failed woefully in managing the Almajiri education crisis. The consequences of this to the economy and social infrastructure have been no less deleterious. The study has the potentials of promoting knowledge on Almajiri system of education. It can inspire appropriate and effective resource allocation centered on educational development, human capacity and capital development.
Techno Science Africana Journal, 2019
A large quantum of counterfeit textile products is increasingly being manufactured in China for K... more A large quantum of counterfeit textile products is increasingly being manufactured in China for Kano market. Abundant evidence indicates that Kantin Kwari textile market in Kano serves as collection and distribution post for textile items for West Africa. China fake textile items were integrated into local structures of consumption encouraged by its affordability. Moreover, a huge fake counterfeit textiles dump in Kwari market affects the local economy. Exploring the Kantin Kwari textile market as one of the biggest in West Africa, this article seeks to cross examine the boom in counterfeit and fake copies of textile products affecting businesses, making traders and wholesalers operate at loss. Furthermore, the article discusses Chinese counterfeit business and manipulation of price in the market. Competing against China became disastrous to local businessmen selling in the market. The study indicates that counterfeiting obliterate jobs and support for the Nigerian economy; it generates unemployment in the Kano textile market. Several local wholesalers and traders in business are sent packing out of the market as a result of a huge loss that is caused by the massive reduction in price-coming as a result of counterfeiting and fake textile items which far outnumbered genuine ones. The major chunks of textile items sold in the market are low-quality counterfeit items. The Kano State Traders Union (KASTU) lamented that more than 90% of textile items sold in the market were not original. The rise of China, four decades ago, became more profound in Kano textile market with high level of dumping of fake and counterfeit products causing generous havoc to the local economy. While the Chinese counterfeit industry lifted millions of Chinese out of poverty by creating job opportunities for them, it does exactly the opposite in Kano. The article can be used by market managers and state regulators in developing a widerange and workable home grown approach which will arrest the ugly counterfeit drawback to the economy.
Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences), 2022
Neoliberalism or the contemporary transition of the age-old globalization has transformed the fac... more Neoliberalism or the contemporary transition of the age-old globalization has transformed the face of textile production and trade in Kano, Nigeria. This article provides statistical analysis of the scenario of Factory C, weaving department production capacity (2000-2015).deindustrialization encouraged by the worsening performance indicators in production encouraged by the adverse effects of neoliberalism in two and a half decades (1990-2015). The study compares the effects of the phenomenon from 1990 to 1999 when neoliberalism was entrenched and from 2000 to 2015 when Kano experienced an increase in textile trade relationships with China encouraged by the free movement of goods and improved communications. Information on production performance indicators and trend in employment and capacity utilization in three sampled factories were analyzed. Descriptive statistics was used to provide a clear picture of the behavior of location parameters of the data. The research also employed trend analysis techniques by plotting the observed data of the workforce and production capacity against the years under review. The analyses showed that heavy damage was done to the industry by neoliberalism and increased China's exports. Moreover, the results indicated that production was at its peak in the 1990s in terms of labor strength and production capacity. A decline in production was observed over the years as the workforce and capacity reduced to an appalling number when China occupied the Kano production space. This was from 2000 when liberalism became endemic and the textile factories in Kano suffered its impact. The competitive position open to the foreign textile industry challenges the opportunities open to Kano textile industry by globalization. Our study can be used as a benchmark by the policy makers to formulate a policy that can create the development of a comprehensive and workable home grown strategy which will in the long run ensure mutual beneficial interaction and build the system for a genuine win-win position.
The primary concern of this paper is to look at how Africa Textile Manufacturers PLC (ATM) and Te... more The primary concern of this paper is to look at how Africa Textile Manufacturers PLC (ATM) and Terytex Nigeria Limited (TNL) survived the extreme adversity of globalization. The point is to discuss how these manufacturing concerns make progress when faced with profound crisis and "drastic changes in the macro-economic policy environment including externally imposed policies". In this respect the focus is on industrial survival. The data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The former were collected through interviews while the latter were collected via structured questionnaire and documents. The main finding of the study is that the few textile concerns that managed to survive achieved that due to managerial competence and technical capability. The research recommended that government had to wake up to its responsibilities to provide infrastructure and make policies to sustain the textile industry.
Rigour in Qualitative Research: Is there a Panacea to it?
The Emergence of Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria (1955-1978)
Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 2019
In this study, the origins and development of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria is surveyed. Th... more In this study, the origins and development of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria is surveyed. The article has demonstrated that international capital initiated, and subsequently sustained the drive towards industrialisation in Nigeria. The state and local capital have also played an increasingly important role in the process. This study is also concerned with an analysis of relative share of the manufacturing sector in GDP in the Nigerian manufacturing sector. Its purpose is to clarify the underlying forces behind Nigerian industrialisation, the percentage distribution of some key industries of performance of the manufacturing sector among its sectors. This article further discussed the emergence of Nigerian industrialisation process. It shows that the manufacturing industry effectively started from about 1955, with multinational firms, formerly engaged in wholesale and retail trade, moving into manufacturing. The structure of the manufacturing industry thereafter showed the predom...
ERN: Africa (Development) (Topic), 2020
This paper investigated the determinants of China’s FDI flow towards Africa’s oil/minerals export... more This paper investigated the determinants of China’s FDI flow towards Africa’s oil/minerals exporting countries from 2003 to 2017 using the UN-Comtrade Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature trade data and UNCTAD China’s FDI data to examine the extent to which sector trade, institution and other variables determine China’s FDI. The econometric approach employed for the outlined model is random effects, generalized least squares and instrumental variable two-stage least squares. For the trade variables, the findings indicate that oil/minerals have higher magnitude and a positive significance to support the effect on the FDI flow. In other words, China’s FDI flow in Africa is inclined towards the extractive sector. Furthermore, the institutional quality finding is negative and significant to justify the upsurge of Chinese investment in weak politically stable regions
The research delves into housing needs in Kano city-Nigeria and the provision of housing over the... more The research delves into housing needs in Kano city-Nigeria and the provision of housing over the years. It identifies the challenges of public housing, it also highlights the Kano city uncontrolled urban haphazard growth and unsustainable development. The objectives are to examine the factors that hinder effective quality housing for all as a result of high cost of houses and building materials used in the study area (Kwankwasiyya, Bandirawo and Amana satellite towns). The results show that housing provision is fraught with a plethora of problems especially for low-income earners who incidentally constitute the majority of the population. An estimation of more than 75% of residents in Kano city does not have what is called ‘home’. The various past governments have made concerted efforts to provide adequate housing but recent studies have shown that the low income group has not adequately benefited from the government programmes. The crux of the matter is that governance failed to p...
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Papers by Murtala Muhammad