Cem Soruşbay

Istanbul Technical University, Mechanical Engineering, Faculty Member

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Address: Automotive Laboratory, Istanbul Technical University
Maslak - 34469 Istanbul, Turkey

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Papers by Cem Soruşbay

Reduction of the gas-phase reaction mechanism of iso-octane for the catalytic oxidation and non-catalytic applications

Fuel, Mar 1, 2020

In this study, catalytic oxidation of iso-octane is investigated for a very fuel-rich and for a f... more In this study, catalytic oxidation of iso-octane is investigated for a very fuel-rich and for a fuel-lean condition in a batch reactor. For this purpose, skeletal mechanisms are derived and their results are compared with detailed reaction mechanism results. It is shown that skeletal mechanisms, which have 61-62% less species and 57-59% less reactions than the detailed reaction mechanism, allow an accurate prediction of species distributions in the batch reactor. Hydrogen selectivity decrease and soot precursors increase at fuel-rich condition. Further, the behavior of a gas composition downstream a catalyst is investigated for fuel-rich conditions in a plug-flow reactor. Skeletal mechanism yields similar results to the detailed reaction mechanism and experiment in plug-flow reactor. The results show that iso-octane is completely converted in the beginning of the reactor (0.01-0.05 m) for fuel-rich conditions, while other hydrocarbon species like methane, ethylene, propylene and acetylene are produced within 0.05 m.

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Development of Trailer Truck Engine Duty Cycle Based on Turkey RWUP

SAE technical paper series, Apr 5, 2016

Methodology to analyse the dynamic conditions of real driving emission test and CO2 emission factors: speed binning averaged emission method

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering

Regulations limiting the exhaust gas emissions since the EURO I emission standards, which was put... more Regulations limiting the exhaust gas emissions since the EURO I emission standards, which was put into effect in 1992, have entered a new period since 2017 and require Real Driving Emission (RDE) tests as well as laboratory tests. Laboratory tests are carried out to determine basically fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, and are aimed to determine other driving emission factors by RDE test. However, the route created to perform RDE test must meet certain boundary conditions and remain within certain limits in terms of its dynamic behaviour. According to Moving Average Window (MAW) method, these limits are determined with ±25% tolerances of CO2 emission factors obtained from the WLTC test. However, since the MAW method ignores idling conditions (vehicle speed lower than 1 km/h) and uses linear equations for the CO2 characteristic curve, it can lead to misinterpretation of RDE dynamic conditions. Therefore, in this study, a new methodology has been introduced in order to overcome thes...

Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes

GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE

Due to the poor representation of NEDC emission test, the European Commission put into the force ... more Due to the poor representation of NEDC emission test, the European Commission put into the force a new procedure, which contains both a laboratory test and a real word driving test. In this new test procedure, even though WLTC replaces NEDC, it is required to test the vehicle under real traffic conditions, which contains urban, rural and highway segments. Due to the new emission regulation, considerable number of academic work focus on the creation of RDE (Real Driving Emission) routes and RDE tests. In this study, it is introduced a new methodology for creating potential RDE routes. The routes, created in MATLAB code by using Istanbul road data containing a half an hour average trip records were used to predict a probable RDE test road. This model creates a number of RDE routes starting from defined coordinates and then analyses all alternative routes with respect to traffic flow rate and RDE boundary conditions identified by the European Commission. The routes obtained using the m...

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A methodology to creating semi-artificial city driving cycle: case study of Istanbul

Journal of Engineering and Applied Science

This study describes the methodology of creating Semi - Artificial City Cycle (SACC), which can b... more This study describes the methodology of creating Semi - Artificial City Cycle (SACC), which can be used for emission tests of road vehicles; sustainability of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); or emission inventories of the city. This methodology uses the half-hour frequency traffic data of Istanbul to calculate the average speeds and travel distances of urban, rural and highway segments. Then, calculated average data convert into instantaneous time—velocity distribution by random time—speed values, which are appropriate for acceleration/deceleration of real-world driving. In addition, in this study, the obtained artificial cycles and the regulation cycle are modelled in the AVL Cruise software to compare, and the driving dynamics of the city are examined. The SACC has different acceleration/deceleration distribution, average driving speeds, trips and travel times than regulation tests. However, according to the simulation results, the same fuel consumption and CO2 emission factors are...

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Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict Exhaust Emissions from Road Transport

International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 2018

Vehicle manufacturers have to meet the standards due to the emission standard limitations. For th... more Vehicle manufacturers have to meet the standards due to the emission standard limitations. For this reason, every new vehicle must satisfy the limits of emission regulations by passing the driving cycle test accepted by their markets. However, even the new cars satisfy emission limits, our environment is being polluted more than expectations due to the old vehicles used in transportations and unrepresentative driving cycle for real world conditions so that real time exhaust emissions were analyzed in this study. It is aimed to calculate the exhaust gas released by road transports by using IPCC second approach method in Istanbul. Then an artificial neural network model was developed to predict a correlation between real-time exhaust emissions and vehicle number, mean speed. With using different training functions, it is demanded to define the optimum percentage error between the target and the predicted values. It was observed that the ANN model can predict exhaust gases with correla...

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Investigating the Effects of Variable Valve Timing on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2019

In this study, a prototype four-stroke spark ignition engine with four cylinders (two valves per ... more In this study, a prototype four-stroke spark ignition engine with four cylinders (two valves per cylinder), with and without turbocharger, as well as variable valve timing system to adjustment of variable valve duration has been investigated. This study covers the effects of intake valve opening (IVO), Intake valve closing (IVC), exhaust valve opening (EVO) and exhaust valve closing (EVC) angles on engine performances and fuel economy. The calculations of engine performance were carried out using the 1-Dimensional simulation with AVL BOOST software. The effects of different valve timing strategies and a combination of them from simulations were analyzed and compared with the reference fixed valve timing cases. It was shown that substantial improvements in fuel consumption and performance can be achieved. The improvements of Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption (ISFC) are remarkable in turbocharged models. Furthermore, we can see the noticeable improvements in torque and power in the naturally aspirated engine.

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Measurement Of Transient Spray Size Distributions

Optical Engineering, 1984

Holographic records of diesel sprays are produced for a range of conditions, with the object of f... more Holographic records of diesel sprays are produced for a range of conditions, with the object of finding the variation of droplet size with time, injection pressure, and fuel properties. Analysis of the holograms is by means of measurement in the Fraunhofer plane using a droplet sizing instrument. This rapid readout procedure has enabled the investigation of a large number of conditions. Factors influencing the measurement are discussed, and size results are presented as a function of time for high- and low-load conditions, as well as a function of viscosity for a range of heavy fuel/diesel fuel mixtures.

Experimental and numerical investigation of diesel spray behaviour in high pressure common-rail systems

International Journal of Vehicle Design, May 7, 2009

The behaviour of a diesel spray, generated by a common-rail injection system, has been investigat... more The behaviour of a diesel spray, generated by a common-rail injection system, has been investigated. The experimental investigation was carried out by testing a high pressure injection system, for heavy duty direct injection marine diesel engines, to calibrate a reliable model for the simulation of liquid jet atomisation and droplet break-up of the fuel spray. The experimental facility comprised instantaneous measurements of the fuel injection rate and the characterisation of the spatial and temporal evolution of the diesel spray, injected in a high pressure, non-evaporative quiescent vessel. The fuel tip penetration was estimated by digital processing of spray images captured at different instants after the start of injection. The spray was modelled using KIVA-3v algorithm, with a Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor spray break-up model on a 45° sector grid. The mathematical model was verified with experimental results and a reasonable agreement was obtained.

Discussion: “Measurements of the Spray Angle of Atomizing Jets” (Wu, K.-J., Su, C.-C., Steinberger, R. L., Santavicca, D. A., and Bracco, F. V., 1983, ASME J. Fluids Eng., 105, pp. 406–413)

Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1983

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Reduction of large kinetic mechanisms with a new approach to the necessity analysis method

Combustion and Flame, 2012

A new approach to the necessity analysis method using simultaneously combined sensitivity and rea... more A new approach to the necessity analysis method using simultaneously combined sensitivity and reaction flow analysis through each reaction is proposed, validated and applied in this paper. Principles of the necessity analysis method and developments in the new approach are given in detail. Validity of the new approach is investigated by the reduction of considerably small reaction mechanism, i.e., methane mechanism, for the CPOX (catalytic partial oxidation) for the homogenous gas phase in the DETCHEM BATCH code. After the validation, it is applied for the CPOX of iso-octane, which was developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), for the homogenous gas phase for the same conditions. It is seen that necessity analysis method allows deleting up to 53-56% of the species, from the detailed mechanism without much loss information, for the considered conditions (C/O = 1.6 and C/O = 1.2). The new approach allows deleting 63% of the species for the same cases.

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Evaluation of heat transfer correlations for HCCI engine modeling

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009

Combustion in HCCI engines is a controlled auto-ignition of well-mixed fuel, air and residual gas... more Combustion in HCCI engines is a controlled auto-ignition of well-mixed fuel, air and residual gas. The thermal conditions of the combustion chamber are governed by chemical kinetics strongly coupled with heat transfer from the hot gas to the walls. The heat losses have a critical effect on HCCI ignition timing and burning rate, so it is essential to understand heat transfer process in the combustion chamber in the modelling of HCCI engines. In the present paper, a comparative analysis is performed to investigate the performance of well-known heat transfer correlations in an HCCI engine. The results from the existing correlations are compared with the experimental results obtained in a single cylinder engine. Significant differences are observed between the heat transfer results obtained by using Woschni, Assanis and Hohenberg correlations.

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Double-Wiebe function: An approach for single-zone HCCI engine modeling

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008

... wall zone. This was accomplished by using, within a single zone, a double-Wiebe function comb... more

Exhaust Emission and Fuel Consumption of CNG Diesel Fueled City Buses Calculated Using a Sample Driving Cycle

Energy Sources, 1999

In this study the reduction of pollutant emissions from city buses converted to dual fuel operati... more In this study the reduction of pollutant emissions from city buses converted to dual fuel operation was investigated. Exhaust emission and fuel consumption maps were obtained under laboratory conditions for an engine converted to CNG/diesel fuel operation. These values are then used in the simulation model to predict the total exhaust emission and fuel consumption on a driving cycle evaluated

Prof.Dr. Cem SORUŞBAY- ITU Automotive Laboratories Contents

Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Related to Urban Driving Patterns

Road transportation is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas pollution. In recent years ther... more Road transportation is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas pollution. In recent years there has been considerable development in vehicle technology to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars, but at the same time number of vehicles per 1000 capita is increasing especially in developing countries. In this study, the effect of driving patterns on CO2 emissions has been investigated by testting a sample of thirty passenger cars according to three different driving cycles. Different emission reduction technologies are also investigated for the same fleet. Key-words: Driving cycles, Greenhouse gas emissions, fuel consumption.

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Conversion of city buses to diesel- natural gas operation for reduced emissions

Mixture formation techniques for hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

Automatic Reduction of Detailed Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for Autoignition Under SI Engine Conditions

by Hakan Soyhan and Cem Soruşbay

SAE Technical Paper Series, 2000

Abstract: A method for automatic reduction of detailed reaction mechanisms using simultaneous sen... more

Control of NO<SUB align=right>x emissions from diesel engines by the optimisation of fuel injection strategies

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2007

ABSTRACT A multidimensional modelling approach using the KIVA3v algorithm has been applied to inv... more ABSTRACT A multidimensional modelling approach using the KIVA3v algorithm has been applied to investigate the effects of fuel injection strategies on engine performance, NO&lt;sub align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; x and soot emissions. Results were compared with experimental data obtained for a Ford Ecotorq NHDD diesel engine with a common-rail fuel system. After the verification of the developed model for different operating conditions of various load and engine speed, different split injection schemes with multiple pulses per cycle were considered. Results show that timing and duration of injection pulses and mass ratio of fuel injected have the major influence. NO&lt;sub align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; x emissions can be reduced with a two-stage combustion resulting from early preinjection and late main injection with almost equal amounts of fuel mass fraction. Fuel mass fraction values of less than 20% in preinjection do not result in noticeable improvement.

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