Open innovation is a hot topic in innovation management characterized by a new form of interactin... more Open innovation is a hot topic in innovation management characterized by a new form of interacting and collaborating with the external environment of a company to innovate more successfully and with less costs. Chesbrough (2006) advocates that firms can and should use external ideas as well as those from their own R&D departments, and both internal and external paths to the market in order to advance their technology. Crowdsourcing innovation presents as a derivation of this new paradigm taking advantage of the Web 2.0 tools to generate new ideas through the heterogeneous knowledge available in the global network of individuals with easy access to information and technology. So, crowdsourcing innovation brokers facilitate the access to a vast open and global knowledge community, and provide support in integrating contributions, as well as managing and motivating the crowd participants. This paper presents a literature review of open innovation models and innovation intermediaries fu...
Developing a course curricula is a complex and difficult task since it must reflect the fundament... more Developing a course curricula is a complex and difficult task since it must reflect the fundamental technical competencies and skills, but also the soft skills that students must develop to practice a specific profession. In this sense, Higher Education Institutions have been struggling to find strategies and incorporate methodologies into their course curricula that will promote the balanced development of these technical and transversal competencies and skills. Therefore, this paper describes an exploratory study on how the competencies and skills dynamic is featured in the description of the learning outcomes of a 3-year Bachelor in Hospitality Management degree in Portugal. It analysed the forty learning outcomes of the different subjects of the degree and framed in the Reference Framework by The Council of the European Union. Moreover, it also analysed the application of the taxonomy of Bloom in describing the learning outcomes. The preliminary results show that there are some ...
Open innovation is a hot topic in innovation management. Its basic premise is open up the innovat... more Open innovation is a hot topic in innovation management. Its basic premise is open up the innovation process. The innovation process, in general sense, may be seen as the process of designing, developing and commercializing a novel product or service to improve the value added of a company. The development of Web 2.0 tools facilitates this kind of contributions, opening space to the emergence of crowdsourcing innovation initiatives. Crowdsourcing is a form of outsourcing not directed to other companies but to the crowd by means of an open call mostly through an Internet platform. Innovation intermediaries, in general sense, are organizations that work to enable innovation, that just act as brokers or agents between two or more parties. Usually, they are also engaged in other activities like inter-organizational networking and technology development and related activities. A crowdsourcing innovation intermediary is an organization that mediates the communication and relationship between the seekers-companies that aspire to solve some problem or to take advantage of any business opportunity-with a crowd that is prone to give ideas based on their knowledge, experience and wisdom. This paper identifies and analyses the functions to be performed by an intermediary of crowdsourcing innovation through grounded theory analyses from literature. The resulting model is presented and explained. The resulting model summarizes eight main functions that can be performed by a crowdsourcing process, namely, diagnoses, mediation, linking knowledge, community, evaluation, project management, intellectual property governance and marketing and support. These functions are associated with a learning cycle process which covers all the crowdsourcing activities that can be realized by the broker.
A new iterative algorithm based on the inexact-restoration (IR) approach combined with the filter... more A new iterative algorithm based on the inexact-restoration (IR) approach combined with the filter strategy to solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems is presented. The high level algorithm is suggested by Gonzaga et al. [7] but not yet implemented-the internal algorithms are not proposed. The filter, a new concept introduced by Fletcher and Leyffer [3], replaces the merit function avoiding the penalty parameter estimation and the difficulties related to the nondifferentiability. In the IR approach two independent phases are performed in each iteration-the feasibility and the optimality phases. The line search filter is combined with the first one phase to generate a "more feasible" point and then it is used in the optimality phase to reach an "optimal" point. Numerical experiences with a collection of AMPL problems and a performance comparison with IPOPT are provided.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2011
A crowdsourcing innovation intermediary performs mediation activities between companies that have... more A crowdsourcing innovation intermediary performs mediation activities between companies that have a problem to solve or that seek a business opportunity, and a group of people motivated to present ideas based on their knowledge, experience and wisdom, taking advantage of technology sharing and collaboration emerging from Web2.0. As far as we know, most of the present intermediaries don´t have, yet, an integrated vision that combines the creation of value through community development, brokering and technology transfer. In this paper we present a proposal of a knowledge repository framework for crowdsourcing innovation that enables effective support and integration of the activities developed in the process of value creation (community building, brokering and technology transfer), modeled using ontology engineering methods.
In a scientific research project is important to define the underlying philosophical orientation ... more In a scientific research project is important to define the underlying philosophical orientation of the project, because this will influence the choices made in respect of scientific methods used, as well as the way they will be applied. It is crucial, therefore, that the philosophy and research design strategy are consistent with each other. These questions become even more relevant in qualitative research. Historically, the interpretive research philosophy is more associated to the scientific areas of social sciences and humanities where the subjectivity inherent to human intervention is more explicitly defined. Information systems field are, primarily, trapped in computer science field, though it also integrates issues related with management and organizations field. This shift from a purely technological guidance for the consideration of the problems of management and organizations has fostered the rise of research projects according to the interpretive philosophy and using qualitative methods. This paper explores the importance of alignment between the epistemological orientation and research design strategy, in qualitative research projects. As a result, it is presented two PhD projects, with different research design strategies, that are being developed in the technology and information systems field, in the light of the interpretive paradigm.
With an easier access to knowledge and information, academics needed to find new ways to study, l... more With an easier access to knowledge and information, academics needed to find new ways to study, learn, teach, re-search and even communicate (Gras, 2005). Learning Management System (LMS) plays an increasing role in this context, since it aims to making available educational resources and allowing communication and collaboration among teachers and students (Harman, 2007; Babo et al. 2010).
Abstract: Crowdsourcing is evolving into powerful outsourcing options for organizations by pro-vi... more Abstract: Crowdsourcing is evolving into powerful outsourcing options for organizations by pro-viding access to the intellectual capital within a vast knowledge community. Innovation broker-ing services have emerged to facilitate crowdsourcing projects by connecting up companies with potential solution providers within the wider ‘crowd’. Most existing innovation brokering services are primarily aimed at larger organizations, however, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of-fer considerable potential for crowdsourcing activity since they are typically the innovation and employment engines in society; they are typically more nimble and responsive to the business environment than the larger companies. SMEs have very different challenges and needs to larger organizations since they have fewer resources, a more limited knowledge and skill base, and im-mature management practices. Consequently, innovation brokering for SMEs require considerably more support than for larger organizations. T...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing, 2014
Ontologies have proliferated in the last years, essentially justified by the need of achieving a ... more Ontologies have proliferated in the last years, essentially justified by the need of achieving a consensus in the multiple representations of reality inside computers, and therefore the accomplishment of interoperability between machines and systems. Ontologies provide an explicit conceptualization that describes the semantics of the data. Crowdsourcing innovation intermediaries are organizations that mediate the communication and relationship between companies that aspire to solve some problem or to take advantage of any business opportunity with a crowd that is prone to give ideas based on their knowledge, experience and wisdom, taking advantage of web 2.0 tools. Various ontologies have emerged, but at the best of our knowledge, there isn't any ontology that represents the entire process of intermediation of crowdsourcing innovation. In this paper we present an ontology roadmap for developing crowdsourcing innovation ontology of the intermediation process. Over the years, several authors have proposed some distinct methodologies, by different proposals of combining practices, activities, languages, according to the project they were involved in. We start making a literature review on ontology building, and analyse and compare ontologies that propose the development from scratch with the ones that propose reusing other ontologies. We also review enterprise and innovation ontologies known in literature. Finally, are presented the criteria for selecting the methodology and the roadmap for building crowdsourcing innovation intermediary ontology.
International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 2020
Employer branding is a marketing strategy that helps employers stay competitive in their markets.... more Employer branding is a marketing strategy that helps employers stay competitive in their markets. Although it is a concept used for over 20 years, its process and consequences have not yet been fully scrutinized. This study characterizes the employer branding implementation and the employers' perspective on it. By conducting ten semi-structured, in-depth interviews, the authors examine not only how employer branding practices have been applied, but also the role of human resources management in the process and used employee attraction and retention practices. The results suggest that although the employer branding process is not clearly structured, some stages can be identified as common. For that reason, the authors outline a stage divided framework and analyse each one of the identified stages. Furthermore, practical insights are provided about the company's departments roles and link them to the current state of the art. Finally, the authors suggest future investigation i...
Los profesores de la licenciatura en Ciencias e Tecnologías da Documentaçáo e Informaçáo (CTDI) s... more Los profesores de la licenciatura en Ciencias e Tecnologías da Documentaçáo e Informaçáo (CTDI) se preparan para sacar partido de las herramientas Web 2.0 como un complemento de su actividad lectiva. En este contexto, se presenta el Grupo de Investigación PlGeCo que pretende, por un lado, implementar la utilización de herramientas Web 2.0 de tal forma que se pueda conseguir ciertas premisas que actualmente orientan la nueva generación web (colaboración, contribución, comunidad), aplicando-las á la actividad lectiva e, por otro lado, el estímulo de la producción científica de los profesores y académica de los alumnos, así como su posterior análisis. Se ha hecho una valoración de los proyectos en curso y se discuten las expectativas esperadas presentado un análisis de las perspectivas y ambiciones futuras del grupo
Crowdsourcing is evolving into powerful outsourcing options for organizations by providing access... more Crowdsourcing is evolving into powerful outsourcing options for organizations by providing access to the intellectual capital within a vast knowledge community. Innovation brokering services have emerged to facilitate crowdsourcing projects by connecting up companies with potential solution providers within the wider 'crowd'. Most existing innovation brokering services are primarily aimed at larger organizations, however, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) offer considerable potential for crowdsourcing activity since they are typically the innovation and employment engines in society; they are typically more nimble and responsive to the business environment than the larger companies. SMEs have very different challenges and needs to larger organizations since they have fewer resources, a more limited knowledge and skill base, and immature management practices. Consequently, innovation brokering for SMEs require considerably more support than for larger organizations. This paper identifies the crowdsourcing innovation brokerage facilities needed by SMEs, and presents an architecture that encourages knowledge sharing, development of community, support in mixing and matching capabilities, and management of stakeholders' risks. Innovation brokering is emerging as a novel business model that is challenging concepts of the traditional value chain and organizational boundaries.
Os meus maiores agradecimentos vão para a Doutora Teresa Monteiro, orientadora deste projecto. A ... more Os meus maiores agradecimentos vão para a Doutora Teresa Monteiro, orientadora deste projecto. A sua ajuda em termos científicos e humanos foram imprescindíveis. Desde o primeiro momento apoiou-me com a sua total disponibilidade e presença, lançando novas ideias, críticas e sugestões, corrigindo e incentivando de forma expedita e eficaz. Além disso, não posso deixar de salientar o carinho e compreensão que sempre me dedicou, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de uma relação de amizade. Sem a sua alegria e motivação não teria sido possível terminar este trabalho. Muito obrigada por tudo! Não posso deixar de agradecer ao Doutor Ismael Vaz pela preciosa ajuda que me foi dando ao longo do desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Também quero agradecer aos meus pais e às minhas irmãs, por todo o carinho, compreensão e apoio incondicional que sempre me deram em todas as minhas decisões. A eles dedico este trabalho. para testar a nossa coragem e a nossa vontade de mudança. O objectivo deste trabalho é a implementação de um algoritmo para resolução de problemas de optimização não linear com restrições, utilizando o método dos filtros numa abordagem de restauração inexacta (IR, do inglês Inexact Restoration). Na abordagem IR, existem duas fases totalmente independentes em cada iteração -a admissibilidade e a optimalidade. A primeira tem como objectivo, conduzir o processo iterativo na direcção da região admissível, i.e., encontrar um ponto que viole menos as restrições. A partir deste ponto intermédio, efectua-se a fase da optimalidade, consistindo na optimização da função objectivo, no espaço das restrições satisfeitas. Na fase da admissibilidade, resolve-se um problema de optimização linear, cuja função objectivo é o somatório da linearização das restrições violadas, e cujas restrições são a linearização das restrições verificadas. A fase da optimalidade, consiste na resolução de um problema de optimização quadrático, cuja função objectivo é uma aproximação quadrática a partir do ponto obtido na fase anterior e as restrições são a linearização das restrições satisfeitas no mesmo ponto. Para avaliar as aproximações à solução calculadas em cada iteração, é utilizado um esquema baseado no método dos filtros, nas duas fases do algoritmo. Este método substitui as funções mérito, baseadas em esquemas de penalidade, evitando os inconvenientes associados, tais como a estimação do parâmetro de penalidade e a não diferenciabilidade de algumas delas. Implementou-se o método dos filtros no âmbito da técnica de globalização de procura unidimensional. Nas experiências computacionais, resolveram-se problemas teste codificados em AMPL. Para inferir a importância da fase de admissibilidade, foram realizados testes com duas versões do algoritmo desenvolvido -uma com as duas fases, a segunda apenas com a fase de optimalidade. Comparou-se o algoritmo com os pacotes de software LOQO e NPSOL.
Abstract: In these days the learning experience is no longer confined within the four walls of a ... more Abstract: In these days the learning experience is no longer confined within the four walls of a classroom. Computers and primarily the Internet have broadened this horizon by creating a way of delivering education that is known as eLearning. In the meantime, the Internet or, more precisely, the Web is heading towards a new paradigm where the user is no longer just a consumer of information and becomes an active part in the communication. This two-way channel where the user takes the role of the producer of content triggered the ...
The implementation of the Bologna Declaration implies another revolution, altering the paradigm o... more The implementation of the Bologna Declaration implies another revolution, altering the paradigm of teaching-learning, necessarily forced to change, starting the teaching to be mainly focused on the student and in the work that he will develop along the academic path. It is intended ...
Abstract: Crowdsourcing is evolving into powerful outsourcing options for organizations by provid... more Abstract: Crowdsourcing is evolving into powerful outsourcing options for organizations by providing access to the intellectual capital within a vast knowledge community. Innovation brokering services have emerged to facilitate crowdsourcing projects by connecting up companies with potential solution providers within the wider ‘crowd’. Most existing innovation brokering services are primarily aimed at larger organizations, however, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) offer considerable potential for crowdsourcing activity since they are typically the innovation and employment engines in society; they are typically more nimble and responsive to the business environment than the larger companies. SMEs have very different challenges and needs to larger organizations since they have fewer resources, a more limited knowledge and skill base, and immature management practices. Consequently, innovation brokering for SMEs require considerably more support than for larger organizations. This paper identifies the crowdsourcing innovation brokerage facilities needed by SMEs, and presents an architecture that encourages knowledge sharing, development of community, support in mixing and matching capabilities, and management of stakeholders’ risks. Innovation brokering is emerging as a novel business model that is challenging concepts of the traditional value chain and organizational boundaries. Keywords: Crowdsourcing innovation. Broker architecture. Collective memory management. Risk management. Knowledge repository.
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Papers by Cândida Silva
considerable potential for crowdsourcing activity since they are typically the innovation and employment engines in society; they are typically more nimble and responsive to the business
environment than the larger companies. SMEs have very different challenges and needs to larger organizations since they have fewer resources, a more limited knowledge and skill base, and immature management practices. Consequently, innovation brokering for SMEs require considerably more support than for larger organizations. This paper identifies the crowdsourcing innovation brokerage facilities needed by SMEs, and presents an architecture that encourages knowledge
sharing, development of community, support in mixing and matching capabilities, and management of stakeholders’ risks. Innovation brokering is emerging as a novel business model that is challenging concepts of the traditional value chain and organizational boundaries.
Keywords: Crowdsourcing innovation. Broker architecture. Collective memory management. Risk
management. Knowledge repository.