vimal yadav

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Method development and alkali degradation study of doxofylline by rp-hplc and lc-ms/ms

response for concentrations in the range of 1-200 ìg/mL using acetonitrile: formic Acid (90: 10);... more response for concentrations in the range of 1-200 ìg/mL using acetonitrile: formic Acid (90: 10); pH-3.0 as the mobile phase with detection at 274 nm and a flow rate of 1 ml/min and retention time 2.9 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, rugge dness, robustness, forced degradation, solution stability and selectivity. Quantitative and recovery studies of the dosage form were also carried out and analyzed; the % RSD fromrecovery studies was found to be less than 1. Due to simplicity, rapidity and accuracy of the method, we believe that the method will be useful for routine qualitycontrol analysis. The acid degradation product as well as pathway was characterized by LC-MS/MS.RESULT AND DISCUSSIONA sensitive, selective, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatographicmethod of analysis of doxofylline in both as bulk drug and in formulation was developed and validated. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitril: 0.05M formic Acid (90:...

An analytical approach of doxofylline: review

Doxofylline is chemically designated as 7-(1, 3 dioxolone-2-yl methyl) theophylline. Presence of ... more Doxofylline is chemically designated as 7-(1, 3 dioxolone-2-yl methyl) theophylline. Presence of a dioxolane group inposition C-7 differentiates it from theophylline. It is a new antibronchospastic drug recently introduced in therapy withpharmacological properties like theophylline; a potent adenosine receptor antagonist. doxofylline do not affect gastric acid secretion; either invivo or in-vitro; unlike theophylline. The lack of side effects with doxofylline indicates that the drug can be used safely and effectively. Some analytical methods for quantitative determination of doxofylline in pharmaceutical formulations like UV-Spectrophotometry, HPLC and LC-MS are reported. The present review deals with the various analytical methods reported as well as adopted for the estimation of doxofylline.CONCLUSION:Doxofylline is available and frequently used in market;hence, there is great need to determine it in bulk, dosageform as well as to estabilish pharmacokinetic parameters.The need of ...

Mucoadhesive polymers: means of improving the mucoadhesive properties of drug delivery system

The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper sit... more The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body to achieve promptly & then maintain the desired drug concentration. That is why the drug delivery system should deliver dr ug at a state dictated by the needs of the body over a specified period of treatment. This idealized objective points to the two aspects most important to drug delivery, namely, spatial placement relates to targeting a drug to a specific organ or tissue while temporal delivery refers to the control of rate of drug delivery to the target tissue.Bioadhesion can be defined as the process by which a natural or a synthetic polymer can adhere to a biological substrate. When the biological substrate is a mucosal layer then the phenomena is known as mucoadhesion. The substrate possessing bioadhesive property can help in devising a delivery system capable of delivering a bioactive agent for a prolonged period of time at a specific delivery site. The current revi...

Effect of Irrigation Management and Water Conservation Practices on Growth and Yields in Yellow Sarson (Brassica rapa L.) in Uttarakhand Region

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

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Recovery of plastic from E-waste

International journal of applied research, 2016

Plastics are among the most dangerous, hazardous, non-biodegradable and least recycled components... more Plastics are among the most dangerous, hazardous, non-biodegradable and least recycled components in the fast-growing worldwide waste stream of electronic and electrical products. It’s demand is increasing day to day, because of light weight, highly electrical resistance, easy to shape and long life, more used in electrical and electronic equipment for makeup wire insulator, equipment body, Plates, switches, and many other purposes. E-waste term refers to electrical and electronic products which have multiple components some are toxic and hazardous that can cause serious health and environmental issues if not handled properly. In the first step this work physical separator has been designed to perform sorting activity and has in the treatment of E-waste is collection and sorting. Sorting dismantling is mainly done manually. 1.130 kg E-waste PCB taken for manually dismantled PCB, after dismantling the total weight of PCB is1.100 kg, the separation of the metal, glass, light LDPE film...

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Recovery of Plastic from E-waste: A Review

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2015

Plastic is non-biodegradable material, it’s demand is increasing day to day, because of light wei... more Plastic is non-biodegradable material, it’s demand is increasing day to day, because of light weight, highly electrical resistance, easy to shape and long life, more used in electrical and electronic equipment for makeup wire insulator, equipment body, Plates, switches, and many other purposes. E-waste contain 15-20% plastic, If E-waste are open dumping, plastics has many adverse effects on the human life and environment, that’s way we need recycling, recovery and disposal of plastic to prevent from the adverse effect. E-waste also contain harmful materials like arsenic, mercury, cadmium and led, which affects the environment and human life. The review paper contains the e-waste challenging problems such as handling, pollution problems, transportation, recovery and some key factors which are responsible for ewaste in India and methods for recovery of plastic and other precious materials from e-waste.

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Retrieval of a retained guide wire from the deltoid muscle—A rare and delayed presentation post cardiac resynchronization therapy lead replacement

Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 2020

Fracture and retention of a guidewire after cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation... more Fracture and retention of a guidewire after cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation has not been reported in the literature so far, although it is an uncommon but known complication during cardiac interventions like percutaneous coronary interventions and other cardiac catheterization procedures.

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Effect of irrigation levels, planting methods and mulching on nutrient uptake, yield, quality, water and fertilizer productivity of field mustard (Brassica rapa L.) under sandy loam soil

Agricultural Water Management, 2021

Adoption of suitable irrigation scheduling, planting technique and mulching can be very useful to... more Adoption of suitable irrigation scheduling, planting technique and mulching can be very useful to improve the growth, yield and quality of field mustard crop which is mainly grown in winter season with residual moisture. A field experiment was carried out in winter seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at crop research farm of Pantnagar, India to evaluate the effect of irrigation levels, planting methods and mulching on nutrient uptake, yield, quality, water and fertilizer productivity of field mustard [Brassica rapa (L.) var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Kitam] at sandy loam soil. Results revealed that irrigation at 1.2 irrigation water/ cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE ratio) resulted in higher yield, N, P, K, and S uptake by plant, oil quality and fertilizer productivity and this irrigation level was at par with 0.9 IW/CPE ratio during 1st year of study when there was good amount of winter rainfall. Among different planting methods and mulching practices, raised bed planting and mulching with rice straw at 5000 kg ha − 1 exhibited significantly higher yield, nutrient uptake, oil quality, water and fertilizer productivity of the crop than that of in flat bed planting and no-mulch. However, it was also recorded that water productivity was reduced by increasing the irrigation levels. From this study, it was evaluated that in a normal winter rainfall year field mustard could be irrigated at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio to achieve higher yield, quality and fertilizer productivity of the crop in sandy loam soil. While, irrigation should be given at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio if there is scarcity in winter rainfall.

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Retrieval of the retained intervention guide wire from deltoid muscle- A rare and delayed presentation post cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) lead replacement

Background and Aims-A fracture and retention of guidewire after cardiac resynchronization therapy... more Background and Aims-A fracture and retention of guidewire after cardiac resynchronization therapy device implant has not been reported so far, although it is an uncommon but known complication during cardiac interventions like percutaneous coronary interventions and other cardiac catheterization procedures. Methods-A 53 years old female patient presented to us, who had been diagnosed as a case of dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular dysfunction and underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) device implant three years back and subsequently underwent lead replacement 6 months back due to lead dysfunction, with severe pain over the left arm and shoulder for last 1-2 days. On evaluation, it was found that she had a coronary guidewire which might have fractured and retained inadvertently in previous surgical procedure and has caused her symptoms that might have been aggravated by the movements of her arm. Emergency surgical exploration was done and the guidewire which was impacted in deltoid muscle was removed. Results, and Conclusion-We are reporting the case due to a very unlikely and unusual delayed presentation of retained intervention guide-wire post cardiac resynchronization therapy, retrieved from left deltoid muscle.

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Effect of resource conservation practices on performance of Yellow sarson (Brassica rapa L.) grown on sandy loam soil

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019

Effect of Different Nutrient Combinations on Yield and Quality of Mustard Varieties (Brassica juncea L.)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2017

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Productivity and economics of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by moisture regimes and seed priming under sandy loam and silty clay loam soils

Research on Crops, 2017

Field experiments were conducted in C5 (sandy loam)and A1 (silty clay loam)blocks for two consecu... more Field experiments were conducted in C5 (sandy loam)and A1 (silty clay loam)blocks for two consecutive kharif seasons during 2014 and 2015 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to evaluate the performance of DSR under varying moisture regimes and seed priming in different soil types. The grain as well as straw yields increased with increase in irrigation frequency being the maximum at 15 mm CPE. The mean increase in grain yield at 15 mm CPE irrigation was 4.9% over 22.5 mm and at 22.5 mm CPE by 5.9% over 30 mm CPE. The higher net returns were obtained from 15 mm CPE during both the years. Although, the mean B: C ratio was the maximum at 30 mm CPE (0.97). Hydropriming recorded marginally higher values of grain and straw yields as well as net returns and B: C ratio over no priming, but did not cause significant variations. During both the years, the mean grain yield in silty clay loam (SCL) soil was significantly higher than obtained in sandy loam (SL) soil, being 760 kg/ha. DSR in SCL soil registered significantly higher net returns (Rs. 11357/ha) and B:C ratio (37.5%) over SL soil. Interaction effect between soil type and irrigation levels on grain yield was significant in both the years. At all the irrigation levels, SCL soil produced significantly higher grain yield than SL soil. In SL soil, the grain yield increased significantly up to 22.5 mm. While in SCL soil, the grain yield at 30 mm CPE was significantly at par with 22.5 and 15 mm CPEs.

Closed Form Expressions for Delay to Ramp Inputs for On-Chip VLSI RC Interconnect

Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 2013

In high speed digital integrated circuits, interconnects delay can be significant and should be i... more In high speed digital integrated circuits, interconnects delay can be significant and should be included for accurate analysis. Delay analysis for interconnect has been done widely by using moments of the impulse response, from the explicit Elmore delay (the first moment of the impulse response) expression, to moment matching methods which creates reduced order trans impedance and transfer function approximations. However, the Elmore delay is fast becoming ineffective for deep submicron technologies, and reduced order transfer function delays are impractical for use as early-phase design metrics or as design optimization cost functions. This paper describes an approach for fitting moments of the impulse response to probability density functions so that delay can be estimated accurately at an early physical design stage. For RC trees it is demonstrated that the inverse gamma function provides a provably stable approximation. We used the PERI [13] (Probability distribution function Extension for Ramp Inputs) technique that extends delay metrics for ramp inputs to the more general and realistic non-step inputs. The accuracy of our model is justified with the results compared with that of SPICE simulations.

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Design and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Repaglinide for Oral Controlled Release

Gastro retentive dosage forms have potential for use as controlled-release drug delivery systems.... more Gastro retentive dosage forms have potential for use as controlled-release drug delivery systems. Multiple unit systems avoid the “all-or-none gastric” emptying nature of single-unit systems. A controlled release system designed to increase its residence time in the stomach with contact with the mucosa was achieved through the preparation of mucoadhesive microspheres by the emulsion solvent evaporation technique consisting of (I) chitosan mucoadhesive (ii) repaglinide, an oral hypoglycemic agent; and (iii) Eudragit RS-100 as polymer. The microspheres were evaluated for surface morphology and particle shape by scanning electron microscope. The microspheres were also evaluated for their microencapsulation efficiency, in vitro wash-off mucoadhesion test, in vitro drug release and in vivo study. The microspheres were found to be spherical and free flowing. The microencapsulation efficiency was in the range of 61.44±1.16 to 79.90±1.17and microspheres exhibited good mucoadhesive property ...

An Overview: Storage of Pharmaceutical Products

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

This study emphasizes the importance of proper storage of pharmaceuticals in pharmacy premises ti... more This study emphasizes the importance of proper storage of pharmaceuticals in pharmacy premises till it reaches the consumer. The loss of potency during storage may influence the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical products require controlled storage and transit conditions in order to ensure that their quality is not compromised. Storage is an important aspect of the total drug control system. Proper environmental control (i.e., proper temperature, light, and humidity, conditions of sanitation, ventilation, and segregation) must be maintained wherever drugs and supplies are stored in the premises.

Professional scopes and roles of community pharmacists in various health care services: An updated review

Journal of Pharmacy …

Abstract: The aim of the study was to clarify and describe the professional scopes and roles of c... more

Cyclotron resonance heating systems for SST-1

Nuclear Fusion, 2006

Page 1. Cyclotron resonance heating systems for SST-1 This article has been downloaded from IOPsc... more

Efficient coupled noise estimation for RLC on-chip interconnect

2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research, 2012

Abstract This paper presents an accurate, fast and simple closed form solution to estimate crosst... more Abstract This paper presents an accurate, fast and simple closed form solution to estimate crosstalk noise between two adjacent wires in VLSI circuits, using RLC interconnect model. Noise analysis and avoidance techniques are critical steps in deep submicron VLSI technology. Currently noise analysis performed either through circuit or timing simulation. These techniques are still inefficient for analyzing massive amount of interconnect data found in present day integrated circuit. This paper presents an efficient technique for ...

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