Examples of Neogene Volcanism in Eastern Turkey: Comparative Petrographic, Geochemical and Petrologic Features of Malatya-Elazig-Tunceli Volcanics
Journal of The Geological Society of India, Jul 1, 2006
Abstract: Neogene-age volcanics having within plate character widely outcrop in the east Anatolia... more Abstract: Neogene-age volcanics having within plate character widely outcrop in the east Anatolia region. Complex zonation indicating magma mixing is commonly observed in petrographic sections. Geochemical data shows that these volcanics are alkalic, calc-...
Sr-Nd Isotope Composition and Petrogenetic Properties of Upper Mantle Originated Late Cretaceous Elazığ Magmatic Rocks
International journal of pure and applied sciences, Jun 30, 2022
Geç Kretase yaşlı Elazığ Magmatitleri, Elazğ yakın D-GD’sunda plütonik ve volkanik kayaçlarla tem... more Geç Kretase yaşlı Elazığ Magmatitleri, Elazğ yakın D-GD’sunda plütonik ve volkanik kayaçlarla temsil edilir. Granit/granodiyorit ve diyorit bileşimindeki plütonik kayaçlara kıyasla, çok daha geniş yayılımlı olan volkanik kayaçlar, kristal ve litik tüf bileşimli piroklastik kayaçlar ile lavlardan oluşmuştur. Piroklastik kayaçlarla ardalanmalı olarak bulunan lavlar andezit, bazalt, bazaltik andezit, spilitik bazalt, dasit ve riyolit bileşimlidir. SiO2 içeriğine göre, bazikten asidik bileşime kadar değişen plütonik (48.13-73.40) ve volkanik (51.47-74.84) kayaçlar, element içerikleri bakımından birbirleriyle genel olarak uyumludur. Subalkali özellikli ve büyük iyon yarıçaplı element ve hafif nadir toprak elementler bakımından farklı oranlarda zenginleşme gösteren tüm kayaçlar Nb, Ta ve Ti bakımından belirgin negatif anomali göstermeleri ile yitimle ilişkili kayaçların jeokimyasal özelliğini yansıtmaktadır. Bu kayaçlar 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.704170 - 0.700165) ve 143Nd/144Nd(i) izotop (0.512669...
Çamlıkaya (İspir/Erzurum) Köyü Çevresinde Yüzeyleyen Kaçkar Batoliti’ne ait Granitoidlerin Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri
International journal of pure and applied sciences, Jun 30, 2022
Pontid Orojenik Kuşağı, Bulgaristan’dan başlayıp, Türkiye-Istranca Bölgesi'nden Küçük Kafkasy... more Pontid Orojenik Kuşağı, Bulgaristan’dan başlayıp, Türkiye-Istranca Bölgesi'nden Küçük Kafkasya'ya kadar uzanan Doğu-Batı uzanımlı dağ kuşağını temsil etmektedir. İnceleme alanı Pontidler’in doğu kesiminde (Kaçkar Batoliti) Çamlıkaya köyü (İspir/Erzurum) ve çevresini kapsamaktadır. İnceleme alanında yüzeyleyen plütonik kayaçlar genel olarak granit ve granodiyoritler ile temsil edilmektedir. İncelenen kayaçlar, bileşimsel olarak kalkalkalen’den şoşonitiğe değişen karakterde ve I-tipi granit özelliğindedir. İlksel mantoya göre normalize edilmiş iz element diyagramlarında, Rb, K, Th, Ba gibi büyük iyon yarıçaplı elementlerde zenginleşme olduğu, Nb, Ti, P ve Ta gibi yüksek alan enerjili elementlerde ise fakirleşme olduğu görülmektedir. Granitik kayaçlarda gözlenen negatif Nb anomalisi yitimle ilişkili magmaların karakteristik özelliğidir. Kondrite göre normalize edilmiş iz element diyagramlarında, hafif nadir toprak elementleri, ağır nadir toprak elementlerine göre daha fazla zenginleşme göstermektedir. Negatif Eu anomalileri görülmektedir. Yüksek Rb/Sr, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, Th/Ta ve düşük Nb/La gibi iz element oranları bu kayaçların oluşumunda kabuksal kirlenmenin etkin rol oynadığını göstermektedir. İnceleme konusunu oluşturan kayaçlar tektonik ayırtlama diyagramlarında volkanik yay ve çarpışma sonrası bölge alanlarına düşmektedir.
Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, Aug 31, 2022
The volcanic rocks of the Kaban dacite, which is the subject of the study, are located in the Olu... more The volcanic rocks of the Kaban dacite, which is the subject of the study, are located in the Olur (Erzurum) region of the eastern Sakarya zone. This zone is divided into four tectonic slices Hopa-Borçka zone, Artvin Yusufeli zone, Olur Tortum zone and Erzurum Kars Ophiolite zone from north to south, east of the Eastern Pontides, and the investigated rocks are located within the Olur-Tortum zone. These rocks are represented by dacites and rhyolites in the study area. Petrographically, it is observed in fine-grained greyish, greenish, earthy colours. The main mineral contents are plagioclase, quartz and K-feldspars. Plagioclase, quartz and sanidine occur as phenocrysts but also in microlithic pastes. Plagioclases are characteristic of albite and polysynthetic twinning. Quartz is in the form of anhedral crystals and is distinguished from sanidine by its transparent colours in a single nicol.
International journal of pure and applied sciences, Dec 31, 2020
Öz Palandöken volkanitleri, Afrika, Arabistan ve Avrasya levhalarının yakınsama-çarpışması sonucu... more Öz Palandöken volkanitleri, Afrika, Arabistan ve Avrasya levhalarının yakınsama-çarpışması sonucunda oluşan Doğu Anadolu Volkanik Provens sisteminin bir parçasıdır. Bu volkanitler, lav akıntıları ve bunlarla arakatmanlı olarak bulunan ve kalın bir istif oluşturan piroklastiklerden oluşmuştur. Petrografik verilerle uyumlu olarak, jeokimyasal veriler lavların silika içeriklerine göre düşük silikalı (%47.44) bazaltlardan yüksek silikalı (%67.68-66.55) dasitlere kadar değişen bileşimlerde olduğunu gösterir. Kalkalkalen-toleyitik ve sodik-potasik seri özellikli bu lavların magnezyum numaraları (Mg#) ise %11.33-53.04 arasında değişmektedir. Bu volkanik kayaçlar genel olarak yüksek alan elementlere (HFSE) kıyasla büyük iyon yarıçaplı elementler (LILE) ve hafif nadir toprak elementlerce (HNTE) zenginleşme ile belirgin negatif Nb ve Ta anomalisi göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte LILE'lerce tüketilmiş ve Nb ile Ta anomalisi vermeyen buna karşın çok belirgin Sr ve Ti anomalisi veren örnekler de bulunmaktadır. Bu örneklerin element davranış ve dağılımı bakımından daha farklı evrimleşmiş olduğu, dolayısıyla magmatik farklılaşmadan da değişik oranlarda etkilenmiş olduğu görülür. Petrolojik veriler, kıtasal asimilasyon etkisinin görüldüğü Palandöken volkanik kayaçlarının, granat ve spinel içeren ve yitim ile ilişkili metasomatize olmuş kıtasal litosferik ve astenosferik mantonun, farklı oranlarda fraksiyonlaşması ve magma karışımına sahip olduğunu işaret etmektedir.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Petrologic Evolution of Post-collisional Magmas of Spinel-lherzolite Subcontinental Mantle Contaminated by Continental Crust; Palandöken (Erzurum) Volcanic Rocks in the East Anatolia, Turkey
Journal of the Geological Society of India, Jan 21, 2023
Yolçati Köyü (Bi̇ngöl) Çevresi̇nde Yüzeyleyen Volkani̇k Kayaçlarin Petrografi̇si̇ Ve Ana Oksi̇t Jeoki̇myasi
Fırat Üniversitesi mühendislik bilimleri dergisi, Mar 11, 2019
Bingol cevresinde genis yuzeyleme olusturan volkanik istif, bazik-ortac bilesimli lavlar ile piro... more Bingol cevresinde genis yuzeyleme olusturan volkanik istif, bazik-ortac bilesimli lavlar ile piroklastiklerden olusmustur. Petrografik olarak, a ndezit, bazalt ve trakitik ozellikte oldugu belirlenen bu kayaclarin plajiyoklas, olivin, sanidin ve piroksen fenokristal ve mikrolitlerinden olustugu belirlenmistir. Kayac turune gore farkli dokusal ozellikler gosteren bu kayaclar genel olarak porfirik, vezikuler, glomeroporfirik, intersertal-intergranuler, ofitik-subofitik ve trakitik doku gostermektedir. Kayaclarda ozellikle plajiyoklas fenokristallerindeki erime-cozunme yapilari, kapanimlar, zonlanmalar ve yeniden buyume yapisi ile olivin ve piroksenlerde iddingsitlesme ve korona dokusunun olusumu gibi dengesizlik dokulari, asimilasyon-magma karisimi ve post-magmatik mineral olusumunu gostermektedir. SiO 2 icerigi %47.07 - 67.18, Mg# ise %52.67-3.84 (bazalt, trakit) arasinda degisim gosteren bu volkanik kayaclarin ana element iceriklerine gore, alkali-kalkalkali ozellikte oldugu ve dusuk-K’lu seriden sosonitik ozellige kadar degistigi gorulur. En dusuk-K’a sahip kayaclar bazaltlar olup, sirasiyla andezit, trakibazalt, trakiandezit ve en yuksek-K’lu kayaclar sosonitik ozellikli trakitlerdir. Alkalen orneklerde Na 2 O-2.0 > K 2 O olup, ornekler sodik karakterli havaiit ve benmoreit olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu kayaclardaki normatif mineral bilesimleri de petrografik ozellikler ve ana element bilesimleriyle uyumludur. Normatif kuvars, andezit ve trakitte gozlenirken, nefelin yalnizca trakibazaltlarda gozlenir. Diyopsit ve hipersten hemen tum kayaclarda ve farkli oranlarda bulunurken, kayaclarin ana oksit bilesenini magnetit ve ilmenit mineralleri olusturmaktadir.
K-feldispar megacrystals (Kfm) are found in Keban pluton which are composed of syenite and monzon... more K-feldispar megacrystals (Kfm) are found in Keban pluton which are composed of syenite and monzonite porfries with alcalen properties and shallow-seated. These rocks typicall composed of phaneritic, porphyritic texture are mainly made up of K-feldispar, plajioklas, and and small amounts of amphibole, biotite, quartz, piroxene, garnet and opaque minerals set in coarse-to medium grained groundmass comprising same minerals. As accessory mineral, there are zircon, apatite, zeolite together with particular titanite. Keban plutonic rocks crops out as an independent of each other as shallow-seated in the form of dayk, sill and dome. K-feldispares, which are found intensively in all of these separate located rocks and show a homogenous distribution, can be found as; (l) megacrystal, (2) euhedral-subhedral phenocrysts, (3) arrenged along the margins plajioklas and K-feldispar and (4) located in the groundmass as a microgranuler, hipidiyomorphic microgranüler or microlites. Kfms, which vary in size between 0.5-3.5 cm, microscopically include many various sized mafic and felsic inclusions. These inclusions, are often lined along the twin lamellaes of the carrier minerals and sometimes among zoning. This characteristic can be explained as multi-stage growth of Kfms. Apparent zonation can be observed in some Kfm crystals. Ba2+ (r=1.34A0), whose atom size is compatible with K1+(r=1.33A0), replaces K element. As a result, depending on Ba content, zoned growth are commonly observed in Kfms. The zones can occur either as normal or oscillatory zoning. In K-feldispar samples with normal zoning, Ba in the cores is higher than that in the rims. The content of Ba in the rims is similar to the Ba content in the groundmass. Twinning is common Kfm samples, but this does not occur in all of them. The twinnings observed are generally Karslbad-simple and to a small extent Karslbad-venture. In addition, there are underdeveloped pertithes in few samples. Four samples taken from Keban pluton rocks are examined with SEM. In SEM images, similar characteristics are observed. In addition to well-developed plate surfaces and divisions, sometimes very small-sized surfaces, thought to be inclusions (?) with micro cleavage and cracks, and appearances of acicular and intensive lines. Taking into consideration these morphologic differences, in order to determine possible compositional diffrences, we took EDX-analysis and results in a total of 36 surface / points, varying between 6-12 in each sample. The main elements in these four crystals are O, Na, Al, Si and K. In two samples (K7 and K20) Ba were measured in all points, two other samples (K12 and K13) Ca, Fe and Mg elements were measured. The existence of Ca, Fe, and Mg elements along with the main elements signify either inclusions with these elements or the growth of heterogenous magma formed with various combinations of magma mixing.
Keban magmatics consist of plutonic rocks of acidic and intermediate compositions with different ... more Keban magmatics consist of plutonic rocks of acidic and intermediate compositions with different phases. They are the equivalent of surface rocks. In the current study on plutonic rocks, general petrographic features, disequilibrium textures such as skeletal formation in minerals, poikilitic texture, oscillatory zoning, and mineral fragmentation, and growth states are observed. Besides these microscopic properties, the existence of rounded mafic enclaves of various sizes, petrographic syn-plutonic dykes, and field data support the idea that mafic and felsic magmas are mixed. Keban magmatics have I-type, metaluminous-peraluminous characteristics. Diorites and quartz diorites have low-K tholeiitic features, whereas tonalites have low-K calc-alkaline features. Compared with diorites, tonalites are richer in terms of LREE (Rock/ Chondrite); Rb, Sr, and Ba (LILE); and Hf, Zr, Th, and U (HFSE) elements. LILE enrichment, which signals the crustal contamination of mantle-originated magmas, is particularly observable in tonalites. In both rock groups, the negative anomaly of Nb is a sign of similarity of pluton to the subduction zone magma series. Based on the K-Ar geochronology dating of amphibole minerals, the ages of these rocks are found to be 75.65 ± 1.5 and 59.77 ± 1.2 Ma in tonalites and 84.76 ± 1.8 and 84.35 ± 1.7 Ma in diorite and quartz diorites. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotope ratios in tonalites are 0.705405 and 0.706053, whereas these ratios are 0.704828 and 0.704754 in dioritic rocks. Pb isotope ratios are similar in both rock types.
The Hazar-Maden Basin sediments were deposited along the southern branch of the Neotethys Ocean m... more The Hazar-Maden Basin sediments were deposited along the southern branch of the Neotethys Ocean margin during Late Maastrichtian-Middle Eocene times. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ICP-AES, ICP-MS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on samples of the Upper Maastrichtian-Middle Eocene Hazar Group and the Middle Eocene Maden Complex from the Hazar-Maden Basin to investigate the main effects of depositional environmental parameters in three sections belonging to deeper marine (slope), proximal arc volcanic (Mastarhill and Yukar1bag sections) and shallow platform marine (Sebken section) settings. Marine sediments contain clay minerals (smectite, smectite/chlorite, chlorite, illite, interstratified illite/smectite, illite/chlorite, palygorskite), clinoptilolite, quartz, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, opal-CT and hematite. The clays are dominated by iron-rich smectites. La, Zr and Th concentrations are high in the shallow marginal Sebken section where the terrestrial detrital contribution is significant, while Sc and Co are more dominant in the deeper marine (slope) Yukar1bag section, which is represented by basic-type volcanism and a higher contribution of hydrothermal phases. In a chondrite-normalized REE diagram, the negative Eu anomaly in samples from Sebken, the section which was deposited in a shallow marine environment, is less significant than that of the other two sections indicating the presence of a high terrestrial contribution in that part of the basin. A decrease in LREE N /HREE N and La N /Yb N , La N /Sm N ratios from Sebken to Mastarhill and the Yukar1bag sections indicates deepening of the basin and an increasing contribution of volcanism in that direction.
The Okinawa Trough is an incipient intracontinental back arc basin that has developed behind the ... more The Okinawa Trough is an incipient intracontinental back arc basin that has developed behind the Ryukyu arc-trench system. To explore its magmatic evolution and the nature of the mantle source, we present major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data for mafic volcanic rocks from the Middle and Southern Okinawa Trough and the Central Ryukyu Arc. Two episodes of activity formed the latter: older (-21-13 Ma) and younger (-6-4 Ma). Although Quaternary basalts from the Middle Okinawa Trough (MOT)have major element compositions comparable to basalts from intra-oceanic back arc basins, they are characterized by relative enrichments of large ion lithophile elements and Pb and by depletions of high field strength elements analogous to those observed in Ryukyu Arc volcanics. Two components have been involved in the generation of MOT basalt, which we identify as an E-MORB type (or oceanic island basalt type) upwelling asthenospheric mantle and a"subduction component." Quaternary basalts from the Southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) have uniform Nd but heterogeneous Sr isotopic ratios and incompatible trace element compositions. This may be ascribed to more complicated tectonic and magmatic processes in the SOT compared with the MOT, such as oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate and interaction with postcollisional extension in the northern Taiwan orogenic belt. Integrating geological information available from nearby regions, we emphasize that the SOT is an "atypical" back arc basin because its development essentially occurred synchronous with or even prior to development of the arc-trench system. 1. Introduction The Okinawa Trough, a young back arc basin formed by extension of the Asian continental lithosphere behind the Ryukyu arc-trench system (Figure 1), represents one of the active back arc rifts in the western Pacific. Detailed investigations of back arc basin formation are fundamental for understanding not only how the continental lithosphere begins to rift in this setting but also convergent-margin processes and products. Therefore, in the last two decades, extensive studies to these ends have been carried out in the
Early Cretaceous to Middle Eocene Magmatic Evolution of Eastern Pontides: Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes, and Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints from Multiphase Granitoids, NE Turkey
Microscopic and Diffractometric Studies Inferred from Skarn Zonations Between the Keban Metamorphites and Elazığ Magmatites, Around Elazığ
In this study, characteristics of skarn rocks and associated ore minerals that are developed alon... more In this study, characteristics of skarn rocks and associated ore minerals that are developed along intrusive contacts between Upper Cretaceous Elazığ plutonic rocks (granite, granodiorite, tonalite, diorite, gabbro) and Permo-Triassic Keban metamorphites exposed at four different locations at 30 km northwest of Elazığ were studied. Skarn rocks observed as endo and exoskarns are composed of andradite and grossular-rich garnet; pyroxene (diopside, hedenbergite, pigeonite), amphibole (hornblende and tremolite/actinolite), epidote, quartz and sphene. On the basis of calcic and dolomitic character of wall rocks, a skarn zoning from bedrock to wall rock was identified. This zoning is associated with a disseminated ore mineral assemblage of magnetite, hematite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, specularite, ilmenite, pyrrhotite and covelline/chalcosine. Özet Bu çalışmada, Elazığ'ın yaklaşık 30 km kuzeybatısında, birbirine yakın dört farklı bölgede bulunan, Üst Kretase yaşlı Elazığ magmatitlerine a...
Petrologic Evolution of Post-collisional Magmas of Spinel-lherzolite Subcontinental Mantle Contaminated by Continental Crust; Palandöken (Erzurum) Volcanic Rocks in the East Anatolia, Turkey
Early Cretaceous to Middle Eocene Magmatic Evolution of Eastern Pontides: Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes, and Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints from Multiphase Granitoids, NE Turkey
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