Videos by nicholas Barasa
This was a presentation I made during the 39th Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya scientific confere... more This was a presentation I made during the 39th Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya scientific conference in Mombasa Kenya This was a presentation I made during the 38th Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya scientific confere... more This was a presentation I made during the 38th Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya scientific conference in Mombasa Kenya 6 views
Papers by nicholas Barasa
Influence of inventory management practices on availability of medicines in public health facilities in Bungoma County, Kenya
International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 2018
Medicines availability is important in provision of health care. Stock outs have however been evi... more Medicines availability is important in provision of health care. Stock outs have however been evident for a long time particularly in public health facilities in many other developing countries. This research sought to determine the influence of inventory management practices on availability of medicines. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. All the nine sub county hospitals were sampled and census method used to sample four staff from each of the sub counties: the sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers and health administrative officers (36 respondents). In addition, the head of procurement department in the county, the chief officer for health and sanitation and the county pharmacist were sampled, making a total of 39 respondents. Semi structured questionnaires; in-depth interview guides and a checklist were data collection tools. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics while Chi square was used as appropriate. Data was presented in tables. Qualitative data was categorized into specific themes and reported in narrative form together with quantitative presentation. The average number of medicines available in the whole county was 72.22 (63.35%) out of 114 medicines, with a range of between 48.25% and 78.95% The average out of stock days for the county was 51.30 days. Main inventory management challenges identified were lack of a county central store, lack of reliable inventory management system, inadequate pharmaceutical personnel and lack of up to date inventory management guidelines and SOPs. These were noted to have a negative influence on availability of medicines. FEFO method of issuing medicines reported to be popular by 62.5% of respondents compared to 37.5% for FIFO. A majority reported irregular ordering frequencies for medicines (78.1%). Kenya Medical Supplies Authority was said to be the main supplier of medicines by 93.8% of respondents as compared to local suppliers. Proximity to the health facility was a major factor considered in supplier selection and was ranked as important by 46.9% and as extremely important by 25% of all respondents. Keywords: inventory management, out of stock, stock status, FIFO (first in first out), FEFO (first expiry first out)
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2020
Availability of medicines is an important aspect in health care provision. Many countries however... more Availability of medicines is an important aspect in health care provision. Many countries however, are still battling with the problem of stock outs of essential medicines to an extent that patients go without appropriate treatment. This research sought to determine the influence of health care financing on availability of medicines. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. All the nine sub county hospitals in Bungoma County were sampled. Census sampling was done to sample sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers and health administrative officers. Four officers were sampled in each sub county, making a total of 36 respondents for the study. Additionally, the head of procurement department in the county, the chief officer for health and sanitation and the county pharmacist were sampled, hence a total of 39 respondents. Semi structured questionnaires; in-depth interview guides and a checklist were data collection tools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics appropriately then presented in tables. Data of qualitative nature was reported in narrative form. The overall percentage availability of medicines in the county was at 63.35% while the mean stock out period was 51.30 days in a 90 days review period. The key financing challenges identified were allocation of inadequate funds for medicines and irrational budgeting which contributed to the low medicines availability. The total allocation for health care was about Kshs 2.6 Billion, out of which only Ksh 120 million (4.6%) was for medicines. A budgetary deficit of between 30 to 40% was reported in more than half of the health facilities. 90.6% of respondents agreed that inadequate funding was the main reason for stock out of medicines. 71.9% of respondents further strongly agreed that allocation of funds for medicines should be as per the quantification needs to curb this problem.
Back ground: Bungoma County is one of the malaria endemic counties in Kenya. As result, cases of ... more Back ground: Bungoma County is one of the malaria endemic counties in Kenya. As result, cases of malaria are high throughout the year. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment is necessary so as to contain this killer disease. Support for malaria commodities particularly artemetherlumefantrine (AL), artesunate and malaria rapid diagnostic test kits usually comes from global fund. Problem: Health facilities in Bungoma County have continued to experience stock outs of malaria commodities. As a result, patients are required to purchase these commodities. In addition, some health facilities were noted to have had expiry of these commodities owing to their short shelf life (2 years for AL) while others were stocked out. Objectives: The general objective was to improve the stocking of malaria commodities in Bungoma County. Specific objectives were to reduce stock outs, reduce wastes through expiries and ensure correct ordering based on previous consumption. Study design: A comparison was made between status of malaria commodities before the pharmacist's led interventions and after. A baseline survey was carried out before the said interventions. Ordering for malaria commodities had no basis. The rationalization by the subcounty and county was not done, and there was no data analysis of consumption trends. This led to expiries, excess stock or stock outs. Several interventions were put in place during the period of study (January-December 2018) 1. Basic trainings on commodity management to facility staff through CMEs 2. Quarterly Facility in charges meetings to sensitize staff on important indicators for malaria commodities, such as weight band data 3. Malaria commodities supportive supervisions, which included OJT and mentorship 4. Quarterly data review meetings with the subcounty teams 5. Provision of job aids and redistribution of short expiry commodities. 6. Utilization of the malaria commodities dashboard to guide rationalization of orders from facilities before sending to KEMSA. Results: As a result of the interventions above, health facilities were noted to have timely, more accurate data for malaria commodities. Stocking according to plan was achieved by the beginning of 2019. Orders sent to KEMSA were rationalized leading to minimized expiries, stock outs and overstocking. It is also noted that community case management of malaria through community health volunteers has improved as link facilities are able to share commodities with them in addition to supervising them. Situation before (beginning of 2018) January 2018 Malaria commodities stock status of Bungoma County
International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 2021
Medicines are important in health care services delivery. Frequent stock outs of medicines have b... more Medicines are important in health care services delivery. Frequent stock outs of medicines have been a major challenge in public health facilities in low-and middle-income countries like Kenya. This research aimed at determining the influence of procurement process on availability of medicines in Bungoma County, Kenya. Descriptive cross sectional research design with mixed approach methods was applied. The target population included the county pharmacist, sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers, health administrative officers, the county procurement officer and the chief officer for health and sanitation. All the nine sub county hospitals were sampled and a census method used to sample four staff from each of the sub county that is the sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers and health administrative officers in all the nine sub counties of the county hence 36 respondents. This was achieved through G-power Priori power analysis. Additionally, the county procurement officer, the chief officer for health and sanitation and the county pharmacist were purposively sampled, making the total number of respondents to be 39. Semi structured questionnaires: in-depth interview guides and a checklist were the study data collection tools. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were applied. Analysis of quantitative data was done using descriptive statistics while Chi square was used as appropriate. Data was presented in tables. Qualitative data was categorized into specific themes and reported in narrative form together with quantitative presentation. 81.2% of respondents reiterated that procurement processes were followed as compared to 18.8% who indicated that in some cases, laid down procurement procedures were not followed. Health administrative officers were a majority of those who reported adherence to these procedures while all the pharmacists and procurement officers said they had full adherence. An analysis of the different carders of health workers involved in this study revealed that there was no significant relationship between adherence to procurement procedures and the cadre of the health professional involved (χ 2 =2.230: p= 0.534). On the same note, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between adherence to procurement procedures and the work experience of the health professional involved (χ 2 = 11.24: p= 0.003). A significant relationship between adherence to procurement procedures and the incidences of discrepancies between received quantities and quantities on the delivery notes (χ2= 6.28: P= 0.025) was established. 87.5% of all respondents noted that their respective health facilities used direct tendering as a method of procuring medicines. Open tendering was said to be in use by only 3.1% of respondents while request for quotation was by 9.4%. Adherence to procurement procedures seemed to have a greater influence on the availability of medicines (OR=4.194, P=0.002). Those involved in the procurement process were health facilities in chargesnurses or clinical officers for rural health facilities or pharmaceutical personnel for hospitals who generate orders. The county pharmacist, county procurement officer, chief officer health & sanitation are involved in sending orders to suppliers and subsequently making payments. Inadequate funding for medicines procurement, inadequate procurement personnel and long procurement process were cited as the main challenges relating to procurement of medicines. The government needs to streamline the procurement process for medicines in order to ensure availability of medicines.
Medicines availability is important in provision of universal health care. This research aimed at... more Medicines availability is important in provision of universal health care. This research aimed at determining the effect of procurement practices, inventory management practices and healthcare financing on availability of medicines in Bungoma county's public health facilities. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The target population included the county pharmacist, sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers, health administrative officers, county procurement officer and the chief officer for health. Semi-structured questionnaires; in-depth interviews and a checklist were data collection tools. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using descriptive statistics. 81.2% of respondents reiterated that procurement processes were followed while18.8% indicated that they were not followed. All pharmacists and procurement officers said they had full adherence. There was no significant relationship between adherence to procurement procedures and the cadre of the health professional involved (χ 2 =2.230: p= 0.534). Inadequate funding, inadequate procurement staff and long procurement process were cited as challenges related to procurement of medicines. 43.8% of respondents strongly agreed that inadequate funding was the main issue leading to stock out of medicines in their health facilities while 46.9% plainly agreed. The average number of medicines available in the whole county was 72.22 (63.35%) out of 114 medicines. The average county stock-out days was 51.30 days per quarter. Inventory management challenges were lack of a county central store, lack of reliable inventory management system and inadequate pharmaceutical personnel. Findings of this study provide a baseline for further research and an insight on determinants of medicine availability. The government needs to streamline procurement laws, support inventory management practices as well as increase funding for medicines so as to realize adequate availability of medicines in health facilities.
Availability of medicines is an important aspect in health care provision. Many coutries however,... more Availability of medicines is an important aspect in health care provision. Many coutries however, are still battling with the problem of stock outs of essential medicines to an extent that patients go without appropriate treatment. This research sought to determine the influence of health care financing on availability of medicines. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. All the nine sub county hospitals in Bungoma County were sampled. Census sampling was done to sample sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers and health administrative officers. Four officers were sampled in each sub county, making a total of 36 respondents for the study. Additionally, the head of procurement department in the county, the chief officer for health and sanitation and the county pharmacist were sampled, hence a total of 39 respondents. Semi structured questionnaires; in-depth interview guides and a checklist were data collection tools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics appropriately then presented in tables. Data of qualitative nature was reported in narrative form. The overall percentage availability of medicines in the county was at 63.35% while the mean stock out period was 51.30 days in a 90 days review period. The key financing challenges identified were allocation of inadequate funds for medicines and irrational budgeting which contributed to the low medicines availability. The total allocation for health care was about Kshs 2.6 Billion, out of which only Ksh 120 million (4.6%) was for medicines. A budgetary deficit of between 30 to 40% was reported in more than half of the health facilities. 90.6% of respondents agreed that inadequate funding was the main reason for stock out of medicines. 71.9% of respondents further strongly agreed that allocation of funds for medicines should be as per the quantification needs to curb this problem.
Medicines availability is important in provision of health care. Stock outs have however been evi... more Medicines availability is important in provision of health care. Stock outs have however been evident for a long time particularly in public health facilities in many other developing countries. This research sought to determine the influence of inventory management practices on availability of medicines. Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. All the nine sub county hospitals were sampled and census method used to sample four staff from each of the sub counties: the sub county pharmacists, medical superintendents, procurement officers and health administrative officers (36 respondents). In addition, the head of procurement department in the county, the chief officer for health and sanitation and the county pharmacist were sampled, making a total of 39 respondents. Semi structured questionnaires; in-depth interview guides and a checklist were data collection tools. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics while Chi square was used as appropriate. Data was presented in tables. Qualitative data was categorized into specific themes and reported in narrative form together with quantitative presentation. The average number of medicines available in the whole county was 72.22 (63.35%) out of 114 medicines, with a range of between 48.25% and 78.95% The average out of stock days for the county was 51.30 days. Main inventory management challenges identified were lack of a county central store, lack of reliable inventory management system, inadequate pharmaceutical personnel and lack of up to date inventory management guidelines and SOPs. These were noted to have a negative influence on availability of medicines. FEFO method of issuing medicines reported to be popular by 62.5% of respondents compared to 37.5% for FIFO. A majority reported irregular ordering frequencies for medicines (78.1%). Kenya Medical Supplies Authority was said to be the main supplier of medicines by 93.8% of respondents as compared to local suppliers. Proximity to the health facility was a major factor considered in supplier selection and was ranked as important by 46.9% and as extremely important by 25% of all respondents. Keywords: inventory management, out of stock, stock status, FIFO (first in first out), FEFO (first expiry first out)
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Videos by nicholas Barasa
Papers by nicholas Barasa