Is 5 IU bolus of oxytocin as effective as 10 IU bolus for control of bleeding during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia?
Archives of Medicine and Surgery, 2017
Aim and Objectives: We sought to compare the hemodynamic effects of 5 international unit (IU) and... more Aim and Objectives: We sought to compare the hemodynamic effects of 5 international unit (IU) and 10 IU of intravenous (IV) boluses of oxytocin and their efficacy in reducing blood loss during cesarean section and also to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Patients and Methods: One hundred and ten parturients of American Society of Anesthesiologists' I and II scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomized into two groups. Group A (n = 55) received 5 IU IV bolus of oxytocin and Group B (n = 55) received 10 IU IV bolus of oxytocin after delivery. Ten milliliters per kilogram of 0.9% saline was administered to both groups as volume preload. Subarachnoid block was performed with size 24G spinal needles at L2/L3 or L3/L4 intervertebral space with the patients in sitting position. Two milliliters of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine was administered slowly intrathecally. Following delivery of the baby, IV boluses of 5 IU (Group A) or 10 IU (Group B) of oxytocin were administered slowly, and recording of heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was done every minute for 5 min after bolus injection. IV infusion of 30 IU of oxytocin in 500 ml of 0.9% saline (60 mU/ml) at a rate of 125 ml/h was continued in both groups till the end of surgery. Estimated blood loss (EBL) was assessed by visual estimation. Patients were monitored continuously until 24 h after surgery to evaluate PDPH and PONV. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the EBL between the two groups. There was no significant rise in heart rate and no significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in Group A compared to Group B. The incidence of PDPH and PONV was also comparable in both groups. Conclusion: Five IU of IV bolus of oxytocin is as effective as 10 IU of IV bolus in reducing blood loss during cesarean section.
Acute kidney injury in COVID-19: A single-center experience in Nigeria
Anaesthesia Pain & Intensive Care, 2021
Background & objective: Despite available data from developed countries, suggesting a high incide... more Background & objective: Despite available data from developed countries, suggesting a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is scarce data from African countries, including Nigeria. We conducted this study to determine and document the incidence, the associated factors and the outcome (in-hospital mortality) of AKI among COVID-19 patients managed in a center in Nigeria. Methodology: It was a retrospective review of confirmed COVID-19 cases managed at a center in Nigeria. AKI was defined using 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) creatinine criteria. We extracted relevant data from the electronic records of the COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital and analyzed. Fischer's exact tests were used to test factors associated with AKI for discrete variables, Mann-Whitney U test was used for skewed continuous data, and T-test for continuous normal distribution variables. Results: This study involved 41 of the 56 ...
CEO attributes and financial performance of listed firms in Nigeria
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 26, 2023
Drawing on the CEO attributes and financial performance literature, we use a pooled data design t... more Drawing on the CEO attributes and financial performance literature, we use a pooled data design to investigate the effect of CEO nationality and tenure on the financial performance of listed firms in Nigeria over a period of ten years using data collected from 112 listed firms. The data were handpicked from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses techniques based on a multiple regression model. It is found that financial performance is significantly affected by CEO nationality and tenure. This study provides some evidence to support the Agency theory and the cost and benefit hypothesis. The study is limited by the number of samples, specifically 112 listed firms. It is expected that further research can increase the total sample of companies by adding to the research period or using total population of listed firms in Nigeria. Our study results show that the R-square value is 17 percent, further research is expected to be able to add to this figure. This reflects differences between the financial performance value in Nigeria and stakeholder approaches more common in other climes. Our results could help regulators, and others (e.g., investors) to better understand the potential performance implications of the appointment of directors of different nationality and tenure.
This study focused on the analysis of factors influencing market participation decisions and the ... more This study focused on the analysis of factors influencing market participation decisions and the intensity of participation among smallholder maize farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 600 randomly selected maize farmers in 2017. Result showed that April and December are the months which farmers sell large quantities of maize. Proportional transaction costs including individual farmer characteristics, private assets, public assets influenced the probability and intensity of market participation at various significant levels. Level of education and ownership of assets are critical in determining the intensity of market participation in the study area. The study concludes that variable transaction costs constitute one of the major binding constraints to maize market participation and commercialisation. The results suggest that policies aimed at developing rural infrastructure, improved access to assets, human and capital development and market information...
International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 2015
A considerable amount of scholarly works have examined the link between financial system broadeni... more A considerable amount of scholarly works have examined the link between financial system broadening and economic performance using varieties of econometric models. Although, most of these studies have concentrated attention on the developed economies, very few have examined the impact on emerging economies. In Nigeria, some efforts have been made, though not comprehensive enough to model this nexus. This has created gap in the literature which needs to be filled. It is in view of this that this study examines the tie between financial system broadening and economic performance. The time series data was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins covering a period of 55 years (1960 – 2014) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation using SPSS 22, and multiple regression analysis using Eviews 8.0. The findings reveal that financial system broadening via aggregate money supply has positive effect on the economic performance. However, financial...
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2015
The impact of bank competition on bank performance remains a widely debated issue. At present, sc... more The impact of bank competition on bank performance remains a widely debated issue. At present, scholars investigate either the competition-stability or the competition-fragility relationships. The traditional competition-fragility view equates bank competition with instability as competition reduces market power and profit margins which in turn encourages bank managers to take higher risks. In contrast, the competition-stability view stipulates that competition leads to lower loan interest rates and consequently lower moral hazard and adverse selection problems and less risky loan portfolios. This study examines both paradigms using panel data from deposit money banks in Nigeria over a period of ten years (2005-2014). Results show that the overall relationship between competition and financial performance of banks is negative. The study, therefore, concludes that competition has a negative effect on the financial performance of banks in Nigeria. The study suggests that regulators sh...
Web-Based Cataract Detection System Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
2019 2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter (NigeriaComputConf), 2019
The alarming cases of cataract within the last decade and the projection of cataract cases within... more The alarming cases of cataract within the last decade and the projection of cataract cases within the next few decades call for urgent intervention by early diagnosis. Formal ways of detecting cataract such as physical examination, tests and diagnosis are clinic and professional bound. Hence the need for automation process. Some works have been done on Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of cataract with tools such as Expert systems, which are limited to their knowledgebase thus inaccurate. Early diagnosis of cataract enables quick intervention and treatment. This paper presents a web-based Computer Aided Diagnostic for cataract detection system using Convolutional Neural Network that can be used by any nonprofessional outside the clinic environment. The systems model trained on a data set of 100 eye images using transfer learning which were retrieved from google image search results of “normal human eyes” and “human eye cataract”. It utilized ImageNet model developed in ILSVRC2012 using the Convolutional Neural Network classifier and transferred its knowledge using Transfer learning to train a new model. The new model gained the ability to classify eye images into “Normal” and “Cataractious”. The system was designed to take images as inputs and achieved a Sensitivity of 69%, a Specificity of 86%, Precision of 86%, F-Score of 56% and AUC of 84.56%. Its accuracy score was 78% which was influenced using the model trained during the ImageNet image classification using deep convolutional neural network
Surgical conditions account for as much as one third of the global burden of disease, yet five bi... more Surgical conditions account for as much as one third of the global burden of disease, yet five billion people worldwide do not have access to timely, affordable surgical care. These disparities in access to timely surgical care are most pronounced in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the availability of specialty surgical services such as neurosurgery are severely limited or completely absent. The African autonomous region of Somaliland, in the Horn of Africa, is one such region. This publication provides the first-ever assessment of current neurosurgery-related activity in Somaliland. We first furnish a background on the recent history of the republic and the surrounding region, which provides context for the challenging socioeconomic conditions in Somaliland. We supply brief biographical sketches of local leaders and general surgeons who are actively working to improve economic and health conditions, and who welcome opportunities to improve all health services, including neurosurgery. In addition, we present an overview of new initiatives in capacity-building in neurosurgery and sources of directed training and care in neurosurgery. We conclude with recommendations to guide the international neurosurgery community in future contributions.
Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies
Purpose: Interests in the nexus between ethical performance and financial performance have genera... more Purpose: Interests in the nexus between ethical performance and financial performance have generated mixed results. However, despite the number and the variety of studies, the evidences available suggest not been comprehensively examined. Also, there is no sufficient effort to examine this relationship within the industrial good sector in Nigeria. This calls for further study. Design/Methodology: This study uses a functional coefficient regression technique to estimate panel-varying betas and alpha in three financial performance models. The empirical data were collected from the Nigerian Stock Exchange over a period of 2010-2019. Data were analyzed using random effects models after accounting for multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, normality. Findings: Results show that human resource development disclosure and community service disclosure have significant positive effects on financial performance while environmental and product safety disclosures have significant negative effect...
This research reports an assessment of ionizing radiation in some chosen Dumpsites in Lafia Local... more This research reports an assessment of ionizing radiation in some chosen Dumpsites in Lafia Local government area of Nasarawa State. Ionizing radiation measurement was conducted at four Dump sites. The survey was done using a radiation survey meter (Radex one Outdoor 55130719 NA). Radiation exposure rate in micro sievert per hour (μSvhr-1) was measured. Readings were taken by placing the detector at gonad level about 1 meter above the ground. Result showed that the average annual effective dose rate in the selected dumpsites were 0.22 mSv/yr for Lafia modern market, 0.17 mSv/yr for dumpsite opposite governor Isa house, 0.15 mSv/yr for Timber shade Lafia and 0.20 mSv/yrfor Science School Lafia respectively with a mean value of 0.19 mSv/yr for all location, while the mean calculated excess life cancer risk (ELCR) is 0.65 x 10-3.Dumpsites yearly absorbed dose rate and their corresponding ELCR values did not exceed the 1.0 mSv/y Basic Safety Standard set for the masses by International ...
Huge cost have been realised from the growing number of call Centres Company worldwide. There is ... more Huge cost have been realised from the growing number of call Centres Company worldwide. There is benefit for customers as well as the multiple servers queuing system. I considered a case to serve the whole queue with a fix service rate, if there is a long queue of customers. If the customers in a queue could not reach up to the require numbers of customer to be serve as when they arrive in group then individually they could be served with different service rate. Call centres need to have an idea on how their agents are organised to have them fixed to each period to know how many agent would be needed for specified periods. To achieve a high performance there have to be an equilibrium between low waiting time and high quality services.MSc/MAComputer Scienc
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