Abstract- In switch mode power supplies (SMPS), flyback converters are very popular because of, d... more Abstract- In switch mode power supplies (SMPS), flyback converters are very popular because of, design simplicity, low cost, multiple isolated outputs, high output voltages and high efficiency. They are preferred especially for low power applications. In this paper we have presented the design of transformer for variable DC input (18V to 60V) to 12V DC output. And observed the wave form across the switch, primary & secondary of the transformer.
Lossy compression algorithms take advantage of the inherent limitations of the human eye and disc... more Lossy compression algorithms take advantage of the inherent limitations of the human eye and discard information that cannot be seen. [1] In the present paper a technique termed as Lossy Data Compression using Logarithm (LDCL) is proposed to compress incoming binary data in the form of a resultant matrix containing the logarithmic values of different chosen numeric sets. The proposed method is able to achieve compression ratio up to 60 in many major cases.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2016
In this paper we study Orthogonal-Space-Ttime Block-Coded (OSTBC) Multiple-Input Multiple Output ... more In this paper we study Orthogonal-Space-Ttime Block-Coded (OSTBC) Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems employing Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) with frobenius norm as a selection criterion and compares the BER performance for QAM with order 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The minimum BER for the proposed MIMO system is of about 7.50x10-05 at 14dB SNR, 1.67x10-05 at 20dB SNR, 0.225x10-03 at 20dB SNR, 0.166x10-02 at 20dB SNR, 0.84x10-02 at 20dB SNR, for 4QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM and 64QAM respectively.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2015
In this paper we have analyzed the performance of algebraic space time code in wireless MIMO (mul... more In this paper we have analyzed the performance of algebraic space time code in wireless MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system, OFDM is a unique kind of multicarrier transmission technique that divides the communication channel into several equally spaced frequency bands. This ASTC code is also called as golden code it has full rate and non vanishing constant minimum determinant for increasing spectral efficiency, this ASTC also has uniform transmitted energy per antenna, first we analyze the performance of golden code in correlated Rayleigh channel and we analyze the symbol error rate (SER), the simulated result shows that golden code has high SNR(signal to noise ration) and low BER(bit error rate) compare to alamouti scheme.
2016 IEEE/ACIS 15th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS), 2016
We introduce a new computer vision based system for robust traffic sign recognition and tracking.... more We introduce a new computer vision based system for robust traffic sign recognition and tracking. Such a system presents a vital support for driver assistance in an intelligent automotive. Firstly, a color based segmentation method is applied to generate traffic sign candidate regions. Secondly, the HoG features are extracted to encode the detected traffic signs and then generating the feature vector. This vector is used as an input to an SVM classifier to identify the traffic sign class. Finally, a tracking method based on optical flow is performed to ensure a continuous capture of the recognized traffic sign while accelerating the execution time. Our method affords high precision rates under different challenging conditions.
International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation, Sep 27, 2023
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive rods with an air background lattice act as the ... more Gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive rods with an air background lattice act as the building blocks for the photonic crystal structure used of a biosensor. The study presents a biosensor of a two-rod nano-cavity for identifying distinct stages of plasmodium falciparum in red blood cells (RBCs) in the early detection of malaria. The proposed biosensor enables the creation of a label-free biosensing environment in which optical and dispersion properties are investigated using plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. The biosensor, with a sensing region for an analyte, is utilized to detect a change in refractive index to differentiate between normal RBCs and plasmodium falciparum-infected cells. The results show that the biosensor has a high sensitivity of 798.143 nm/RIU, a high Q-factor of 9881.926, a low detection limit (δ) of 222.4 × 10-6 RIU, a high FOM of 4496.079 RIU-1 , and a compact area of 46.14 µm 2 .
Computational study of 2D photonic crystal based biosensor for SARS-COV-2 detection
Measurement Science and Technology
A computational study to design a 2D-photonic crystal (PC) structure with a fluorescence-based bi... more A computational study to design a 2D-photonic crystal (PC) structure with a fluorescence-based biosensor has been demonstrated for the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus in the lungs. The proposed sensor can detect the different concentrations of the virus without any pretreatment of the sample. The virus detection is performed by measuring the mid-gap wavelength from the dispersion diagram and a redshift in the mid-gap wavelength has been observed as the concentration of virus increases in the lung tissue. The plane wave expansion method is used to determine the dispersion diagram of the proposed PC. The interaction of incident light with the proposed PC-based biosensor has been analyzed to evaluate the shift in the mid-gap wavelength. A maximum sensitivity of about 1459.3 nm/RIU is obtained for r/a = 0.45 with a mid-gap wavelength shift of 145.93 nm at n net = 1.49 concentration of SARS-COV-2. Moreover, a very small detection time ...
The proposed encoder in two dimensional photonic crystals is analyzed interms of flow of light in... more The proposed encoder in two dimensional photonic crystals is analyzed interms of flow of light inside waveguides. Waveguides have been created by removing silicon rods in the structure and defects with smaller radii have been created to achieve the proper couplers operations. The photonic band gap of the proposed encoder is determined and their performance is evaluated using finite difference time domain method. The proposed design has an optical output power threshold range between 76-94% for ON state and threshold level of OFF state is below 20%. The proposed encoder is operated in the wavelength of 1550 nm. Hence, it is applicable for high speed optical integrated circuit. The response time and contrast ratio calculated from the proposed encoder are 0.24 ps and 8.59 dB which are comparatively better than the literature reported with compare to footprint area of the proposed encoder.
Computational Study of a Compact and High Sensitive Photonic Crystal for Cancer Cells Detection
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022
In this paper, a computational study was performed to design a compact and high sensitive photoni... more In this paper, a computational study was performed to design a compact and high sensitive photonic crystal for the early detection of cancer cells. The plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods were used to determine the dispersion and optical properties of light under variable refractive indices, respectively. The proposed PC-based sensor provided a wide band structure and very-good confinement of light in the sensing area, corresponding to vary sensitive refractive index variations. The effect of lattice constant of PC and radius of the sensing region on the sensitivity of the biosensor were studied. A sensitivity of 15 085 nm/RIU and Q-factor of 81.58 were obtained, ensuing a low detection limit of 0.01 and a high Figure of Merit (FOM) of 159.54 RIU−1. Such combinations made an attribute to the proposed structure to perform label-free bio-sensing in cancer cells detection and other points of medical care diagnosis applications.
In this paper we had simulated capacity based optimal antenna selection for 8X8 MIMO, the highest... more In this paper we had simulated capacity based optimal antenna selection for 8X8 MIMO, the highest capacity is of 44bps is obtained for the selection factor 8, the capacity remains constant up to 18dB, 16dB and 12dB for L= 7,6 and 5 respectively and then increases, for L=1 to 4 the capacity increases as the SNR increases, for fading channels the selection of four antennas is enough to authorize the channel capacity as much as the use of all eight antennas in 8X8 MIMO systems. Index Terms: MIMO, Antenna Selection, optimal antenna selection, channel capacity
BSZT40NF has been doped with rare earth oxides (Erbium, Holmium and Samarium) in an attempt to un... more BSZT40NF has been doped with rare earth oxides (Erbium, Holmium and Samarium) in an attempt to understand the effect on the reliability of the dielectric material for multilayer capacitor and tunable microwave applications. The morphology of the samples used was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to confirm the presence of each rare earth ions. It is suggested that incorporation of rare earth ions into the BSZT40NF is as a result of ionic radius, resulting in varying grain growth and tunable properties. The change in reliability and tunable properties of the capacitor and microwave devices can be attributed to overall distribution of rare earth oxides and their occupation site within the BSZT40NF dielectric. Term Index: BSZT40NF, rare earth ions, SEM, Tunable properties.
In switch mode power supplies (SMPS), flyback converters are very popular because of, design simp... more In switch mode power supplies (SMPS), flyback converters are very popular because of, design simplicity, low cost, multiple isolated outputs, high output voltages and high efficiency. They are preferred especially for low power applications. In this paper we have presented the design of transformer for variable DC input (18V to 60V) to 12V DC output. And observed the wave form across the switch, primary & secondary of the transformer.
In this paper we had simulated sub optimal antenna selection techniques for 2X2 and 4X4 MIMO syst... more In this paper we had simulated sub optimal antenna selection techniques for 2X2 and 4X4 MIMO system and it will provide a possibility of substantial gain increase through increasing and decreasing order by ascending or descending selection strategies with respect to antennas. It was observed that the 2X2 MIMO system at low SNR high capacity of about 2.32dB for antenna 1 and the maximum capacity of about 11.34dB is obtain at 20dB SNR. For 4X4 MIMO system selection of only two antennas is required. As compare to traditional optimal antenna selection the complexity is reduces by selecting the sub set of antennas.
Signal Detection for Spatially Multiplexed MIMO Systems
Cho/MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®, 2010
This chapter presents both soft-decision and hard-decision signal detection techniques for spatia... more This chapter presents both soft-decision and hard-decision signal detection techniques for spatially-multiplexed single-user MIMO systems, in which the multiple independent parallel data streams are supported by the multiple transmit and receive antennas. It also includes the ready-to-run MATLAB? programs for the simulation.
In this paper we study Orthogonal-Space-Ttime Block-Coded (OSTBC) Multiple-Input Multiple Output ... more In this paper we study Orthogonal-Space-Ttime Block-Coded (OSTBC) Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems employing Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) with frobenius norm as a selection criterion and compares the BER performance for QAM with order 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The minimum BER for the proposed MIMO system is of about 7.50x10-05 at 14dB SNR, 1.67x10-05 at 20dB SNR, 0.225x10-03 at 20dB SNR, 0.166x10-02 at 20dB SNR, 0.84x10-02 at 20dB SNR, for 4QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM and 64QAM respectively.
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