La oferta del Cirad. Propuesta detallada para servicios de consultoria para brindar apoyo a la diversification comptetitiva de los cafetales centroamericanos
Messages 3.1 Methodology 147 3.2 Assessment and Analysis of AKST Impacts 148 3.2.1 Agriculture pr... more Messages 3.1 Methodology 147 3.2 Assessment and Analysis of AKST Impacts 148 3.2.1 Agriculture productivity, production factors and consumption 148 3.2.2 Impacts of AKST on sustainability, through integrated technologies and the delivery of ecosystem services and public goods 172 3.2.3 Impacts of AKST on livelihoods, capacity strengthening and empowerment 193 3.2.4 Relationships between AKST, coordination and regulatory processes among multiple stakeholders 211 3.3 Objectivity of this Analysis 222 3.4 Lessons and Challenges 222
Small holders' agriculture is currently facing new stakes due to State's withdrawal from ... more Small holders' agriculture is currently facing new stakes due to State's withdrawal from agricultural support and to higher market requests for producing agricultural products. Different coordination mechanisms can be observed inside the supply chains involving farmers, farmers' organizations, and others stakeholders. They depend on the nature of the product, the characteristics of the stakeholders involved, the technical specifications related to the transactions, and the institutional environment. Relying on a comparative case study methodology, the paper analyzes the consequences of different coordination mechanisms on inclusion or exclusion of small farmers in the northern region of Costa Rica. Market coordination could be an efficient way to integrate farmers in supply chains in the case of low technical specifications and of existence of adequate selling mechanisms. Hybrid coordination is the main mechanism and facilitates the inclusion of small farmers, depending ...
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides evidence-... more The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides evidence-based policy solutions to sustainably end hunger and malnutrition, and reduce poverty. The institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resilience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the institute's work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institutions, the private sector, and farmers' organizations, to ensure that local, national, regional, and global food policies are based on evidence.
Cette communication propose un cadre d'analyse original de la gestion strategique des exploit... more Cette communication propose un cadre d'analyse original de la gestion strategique des exploitations agricoles et de son evolution. Apres avoir dresse un etat des lieux des travaux sur la gestion strategique des exploitations agricoles, nous en proposons une approche cognitive et dynamique. En nous inspirant de la litterature en science de gestion portant sur la strategie en PME, nous caracterisons la construction de la reflexion strategique dans l'exploitation agricole en tant que processus d'apprentissage. Nous analysons ensuite l'evolution de la reflexion strategique a travers une relation de conseil, dans notre cas dans le Conseil a l'Exploitation Familiale (CEF) au Benin. L'evolution de la reflexion strategique est caracterisee par l'evolution de son caractere proactif, integrant vision strategique anticipee, source percue du changement et mise en oeuvre d'actions strategiques. Nous montrons que l'etendue des ressources de l'exploitation n...
Le Togo produit et exporte du coton depuis le debut du siecle. Depuis 1980, cette culture connait... more Le Togo produit et exporte du coton depuis le debut du siecle. Depuis 1980, cette culture connait un fort developpement suite a la creation d'une societe a structure verticale, la Societe Togolaise du Coton. Cette evolution s'est accompagnee d'une amelioration dans la qualite des varietes vulgarisees et d'une augmentation de la consommation d'intrants appliques a la culture cotonniere. La progression des rendements moyens et l'elevation reguliere du prix d'achat du coton-graine au paysan assurent un revenu net a l'hectare tres acceptable pour l'exploitation agricole malgre l'augmentation du cout des intrants
This study of organizations providing agriculture extension and advisory services was carried out... more This study of organizations providing agriculture extension and advisory services was carried out in the francophone countries of West and Central Africa (Benin, Burkina-Faso, Chad, Congo (R.D.), Central African Republic, Congo (Republic of), Cameroon, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo). The study consisted of identifying organizations providing agriculture extension and advisory services, sending them a cover letter and a survey questionnaire, and then following-up to prompt the completion of the questionnaire. The questionnaires were sent four times to 412 of the 781 organizations that were identified at the following periods in 2011: 11 to 18 February; 4 to 11 March; 7 to 11 April, and 1st to 12 June. On 30 June 2011, 51 of the organizations, which represent 15% of those that were targeted, filled a questionnaire. The rates of answers received vary considerably between the countries. The highest rates were observed in the countries where CIRAD is ...
Diagnostic agro-socio-economique sur des echantillons d'exploitations et de terroirs represen... more Diagnostic agro-socio-economique sur des echantillons d'exploitations et de terroirs representatifs du milieu rural concerne par la culture du coton. L'analyse globale et pluridisciplinaire du milieu permet d'identifier, pour chaque zone cotonniere, les principales contraintes de la production agricole, et de definir les priorites des actions de developpement
Objectif : Les programmes d'ajustement structurels en Afrique de l'ouest ont accelere le ... more Objectif : Les programmes d'ajustement structurels en Afrique de l'ouest ont accelere le retrait des Etats des fonctions et favorise l'emergence d'un un large eventail d'acteurs prodigue du conseil selon des modalites d'intervention diverses. L'objectif de cette etude est de caracteriser et analyser le fonctionnement de dispositifs de conseil qui relevent principalement du secteur prive dans le secteur du cacao certifie en Cote d'Ivoire. Concept/ methodologie : Nous avons utilise un cadre analytique dans lequel quatre composantes permettent d'expliquer le fonctionnement d'un dispositif de conseil : la gouvernance, les mecanismes de financement, les methodes pour generer des conseils et les capacites des acteurs impliques dans la fourniture de conseils. Nous avons mene des enquetes aupres des principaux acteurs de deux dispositifs conseil lie a la certification du cacao en Cote d'Ivoire. Resultats : Les resultats de l'etude mettent en e...
To contribute to the question of what fosters entrepreneurial learning, we consider the building ... more To contribute to the question of what fosters entrepreneurial learning, we consider the building of strategic thinking to be an entrepreneurial learning process, identified through the concept of proactivity. We consider that entrepreneurs are not "born" but "made". We analyze the role of management advice on entrepreneurial l earning, exploring the building of proactivity of small-scale farmers. We assume that all farmers, whatever their resources and education levels, can build more proactivity through the learning process triggered by advice, through training and exchange about agriculture, and through better command of management tools. Through a field work in Benin based on the analysis of learning processes in a management ad- vice for family farm (MAFF) approach, we considered a sample of nineteen farmers before and after one year of training, to analyze the evolution of their proactivity. Through technical and management training based on planning, follow...
The aim of this document is to produce a state-of-the-art of the academic literature in order to ... more The aim of this document is to produce a state-of-the-art of the academic literature in order to identify theories and concepts available for: a) describing the structure, the dynamics and the functioning of agricultural advisory services; b) understanding how these services are embedded into national Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS), and into various agricultural and rural policies across the European Union (EU) countries; c) providing some conceptual elements to support the methodology for an inventory of agricultural advisory services in EU 27 countries (WP3 of the PRO AKIS project), and for the selection of case studies (WP4 of the PRO AKIS project) . Recentreviews of the literature indicate some challenges for the analysis, the implementation and the evaluation of agricultural advisory services (Faure et al. 2012, Birner et al. 2009). These reviews stress the need to switch towards a best fit perspective: "promoting "one-size-fits-all" approac...
Evolution of the Savannah areas in West Africa : towards contrasted development
Les zones de savanes d'Afrique de l'Ouest traversent une periode de mutation. Un accroiss... more Les zones de savanes d'Afrique de l'Ouest traversent une periode de mutation. Un accroissement demographique rapide altere le renouvellement des ressources et provoque une degradation du milieu physique.Toutefois, les evolutions sont plus nuancees. En particulier, face a une pression fonciere plus forte, les communautes nomades reagissent mettant en oeuvre de nouveaux systemes de culture plus intensifs et de nouveaux systemes d'elevage plus integres. Cependant, des ruptures fortes apparaissent quand certains seuils de densite de population sont atteints. Dans ce contexte, le role du marche est preponderant. Le renforcement ou l'emergence de filieres (mais, coton, lait, ... ) a un impact important sur la diffusion de pratiques favorables a une agriculture durable. Des poles de developpement se creent, tires de plus en plus par les villes de la cote ou les capitales. Les formes de coordination entre acteurs permettent d'ameliorer les performances du systeme ou de c...
Evaluation of the impacts of learning processes of a global extension approach in Benin: different potential impacts for different types of farmers
The objective of this communication is to present the first results of the evaluation of learning... more The objective of this communication is to present the first results of the evaluation of learning processes induced by a global extension approach to family farms in Benin, CEF. This evaluation, comparing producers before the beginning of the training and 1 year later, is based on the identification of the causal chain of changes in producers' management decisions and representations, leading to impacts both at household and farm levels. At this point, the communication will describe the results of the baseline work, showing that among the 33 producers interviewed, we have a very wide range of farming systems and set of resources, generally not linked to the level of formalization of strategic decisions at the farm management level. (Resume d'auteur)
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