Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as antic... more Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 × 10 15 to 1.6 × 10 15 grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.
A new family of multivariate distributions, which shall be termed multivector variate distributio... more A new family of multivariate distributions, which shall be termed multivector variate distributions, based in the family of the multivariate contoured elliptically distribution is proposed. Several particular cases of multivector variate distributions are obtained and a number of published multivariate distributions in another contexts are found as simple corollaries. An application of interest in finance is full derived and compared with the traditional methods.
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Papers by fredy ramirez