ali azhar

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Decomposition of Changes in Poverty Measures: Sectoral and Institutional Considerations for the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper of Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review, 2003

Two extremely significant empirical questions on the relationship between growth, distribution an... more Two extremely significant empirical questions on the relationship between growth, distribution and poverty have remained the focus of attention for researchers and academicians. First, how does a change in aggregate poverty reflect intrasectoral gains/losses versus intersectoral shifts in population? Second, how much of an observed change in poverty can be attributed to the changes in the distribution of income, as distinct from growth in average incomes? Standard inequality measures like the Gini coefficient can be misleading in this context. At any rate, the change in an inequality measure can be a poor guide to its quantitative impact on poverty. Ravallion and Huppi (1991) proposed decomposition formulae to throw light on the contributions of sectoral gains and population shifts (on the one hand) and economic growth and changes in inequality (on the other) to aggregate changes in poverty. They found that both population shifts and gains to the urban and rural sectors alleviated a...

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Design and implementation of E1 stream analyzer for CCSS7 protocol

7th International Multi Topic Conference, 2003. INMIC 2003.

Stream is a European Telecommunication standard for communication of daralwoice channels in a dig... more Stream is a European Telecommunication standard for communication of daralwoice channels in a digital nehvork. This poper will deal with the design and implementation of0 tramparent stream analper, capoble ofhandling (up to 2 Mbps) E l stream and analyzing 30 wice /data channels using an out-oflband Conpzon Channel S i p l i n g System number 7 (CCSS7) protocol. The analper is capable of generating an El sfread and thus can be used for generarion, monitoring and blocking of channels. The Analyzer can perform analysis and maintenance ofEl (Z.048Mbps) lines. As our a d p e r performs the analysisfinctions in the sofiare it is very flexible and can perform many odditional fiatures such as algorifhm and protocols testing and analysis. The workable synchronous Finite Stare Machine (FSM) design ofanalyzer is implemented in Verilog and verified on Altera P FLEXIOK70 FPGA along with its subsequent interfaEing with PC through Enhanced Parallel Port.

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The Conference of the Birds

Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 2017

Sociocultural theories of learning regard oral storytelling as a fundamental step towards literac... more Sociocultural theories of learning regard oral storytelling as a fundamental step towards literacy development. Collaborative play can lead to richer and sustained stories among children of young age. We describe an interactive learning environment called The Conference of the Birds (CoB). By allowing two users to interact with the interface at the same time, the CoB allows children separated by physical or cultural distances to collaborate by creating narratives together. Through the CoB, children connect, cooperate and create joint stories, fostering the development of literacy, as well as collaboration and authorship skills. In this paper we describe the principles, theories and design decisions that supported the creation of the CoB, and briefly discuss how kids can collaboratively create stories in a digital environment.

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