Ligature categorization based Nastaliq Urdu recognition using deep neural networks
Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory
The cursive nature, Nastaliq writing style and a large number of different ligatures make ligatur... more The cursive nature, Nastaliq writing style and a large number of different ligatures make ligature recognition very difficult in Urdu. In this paper, we present a segmentation-free approach to holistically recognize Urdu ligatures. We first generate a rich dataset which contains 17,010 ligatures with different orientation and different degrees of noise. Secondly, the ligatures are clustered (categorized) in order to reduce the search space and make the learning robust. Finally, we employ a deep neural network with dropout regularization to classify ligatures. The detailed experiments show that a deep neural network with dropout regularization and clustering of ligatures significantly enhances the classification accuracy.
This paper examines how shareholder horizons influence payout policy choices. We infer institutio... more This paper examines how shareholder horizons influence payout policy choices. We infer institutional shareholders' investment horizons using the frequency with which they turnover their overall stock portfolios prior to the payout decision. We find that the frequency and amount of repurchases increases with ownership by short-term investors, to the detriment of dividends. We also find that the market reacts less positively to repurchases made by firms held by short-term institutions. These findings are consistent with a model in which undervalued firms signal through repurchases, but firms held by short-term investors make repurchases more often because those investors care mostly about the shortterm price reaction. Hence the market rationally discounts the signal provided by such repurchases. Our findings suggest that shorter shareholder horizons might be one contributing factor to the increasing popularity of buybacks.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2010
In the title compound, C 12 H 13 NO 5 S, the thiazine ring adopts a half chair conformation and a... more In the title compound, C 12 H 13 NO 5 S, the thiazine ring adopts a half chair conformation and an intramolecular O-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C-HÁ Á ÁO interactions, leading to zigzag chains along the b axis.
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Papers by Zia Rehman