Fuzzy control has been applied to various industrial processes, however, its control rules and me... more Fuzzy control has been applied to various industrial processes, however, its control rules and membership functions are usually obtained by trial and error. Proposed in this paper is an optimal design for membership functions and control rules simultaneously by a genetic algorithm (GA). GA's are search algorithms based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. They are easy to implement and efficient for multivariable optimization problems, such as fuzzy controller design. The simulation result shows that the fuzzy controller thus designed can achieve good performance merely by using a few fuzzy variables.
Simple shear deformation of synthetic olivine aggregates to high strains shows that dynamic recry... more Simple shear deformation of synthetic olivine aggregates to high strains shows that dynamic recrystallisation has strong effects on the mechanical behaviour and the development of lattice preferred orientations. At 1473 K, a pronounced strain hardening is observed associated with grain elongation and limited dynamic recrystallisation along grain boundaries. The lattice preferred orientations of relict olivine grains generally follow the strain ellipsoid up to a shear strain of 1.1. Both [100] and [001] axes have peaks parallel to the maximum grain elongation direction. At 1573 K and shear strains >0.6, a moderate strain softening was associated with the development of significant dynamic recrystallisation. The lattice preferred orientation of relict olivine grains is characterised by point maxima with [100] axes parallel to the shear direction, [010] axes perpendicular to the shear plane, and [001] axes within the shear plane and perpendicular to the shear direction. The results suggest that at 1473 K both the b=[100] dislocations and b=[001] dislocations contribute to plastic deformation; at 1573 K dynamic recrystallisation relaxed constraints on deformation at grain boundaries, leading to a situation where a single slip system with b=[100] dislocations controls the rheology and the fabric.
and Human Genetics An alternative approach is to genetically manipulate mitochondrial transport t... more and Human Genetics An alternative approach is to genetically manipulate mitochondrial transport to the synapse. Unfortunately, 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute 3 Department of Neuroscience although mutants that block axonal transport can deplete synapses of mitochondria, they often also affect 4 Program in Developmental Biology Baylor College of Medicine the distribution of other organelles, leading to pleiotropic defects (Collard et al., 1995; Hurd and Saxton,
Hrs Regulates Endosome Membrane Invagination and Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Signaling in Drosophila... more Hrs Regulates Endosome Membrane Invagination and Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Signaling in Drosophila lumen (Odorizzi et al., 1998). Hrs and Vps27p contain a FYVE domain which binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), and this domain has been demonstrated to localize many proteins to the early endosome (Burd and Emr, 1998; Wurmser et al., 1999).
Endophilin Mutations Block Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis but Not Neurotransmitter Release
Cell, 2002
We have identified mutations in Drosophila endophilin to study its function in vivo. Endophilin i... more We have identified mutations in Drosophila endophilin to study its function in vivo. Endophilin is required presynaptically at the neuromuscular junction, and absence of Endophilin dramatically impairs endocytosis in vivo. Mutant larvae that lack Endophilin fail to take up FM1-43 dye in synaptic boutons, indicating an inability to retrieve synaptic membrane. This defect is accompanied by an expansion of the presynaptic membrane, and a depletion of vesicles from the bouton lumen. Interestingly, mutant larvae are still able to sustain release at 15%-20% of the normal rate during high-frequency stimulation. We propose that kiss-and-run maintains neurotransmission at active zones of the larval NMJ in endophilin animals.
An alternative approach is to genetically manipulate mitochondrial transport to the synapse. Unfo... more An alternative approach is to genetically manipulate mitochondrial transport to the synapse. Unfortunately, although mutants that block axonal transport can deplete synapses of mitochondria, they often also affect 4 Program in Developmental Biology Baylor College of Medicine the distribution of other organelles, leading to pleiotropic defects (Collard et al., 1995; Hurd and Saxton, One Baylor Plaza Houston, Texas 77030 1996). In contrast, studies of milton (milt) mutants revealed specific defects in axonal transport of mitochondria in Drosophila (Stowers et al., 2002). However, a detailed functional analysis of milt synapses has not Summary
Endophilin Mutations Block Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis but Not Neurotransmitter Release
Cell, 2002
We have identified mutations in Drosophila endophilin to study its function in vivo. Endophilin i... more We have identified mutations in Drosophila endophilin to study its function in vivo. Endophilin is required presynaptically at the neuromuscular junction, and absence of Endophilin dramatically impairs endocytosis in vivo. Mutant larvae that lack Endophilin fail to take up FM1-43 dye in synaptic boutons, indicating an inability to retrieve synaptic membrane. This defect is accompanied by an expansion of the presynaptic membrane, and a depletion of vesicles from the bouton lumen. Interestingly, mutant larvae are still able to sustain release at 15%-20% of the normal rate during high-frequency stimulation. We propose that kiss-and-run maintains neurotransmission at active zones of the larval NMJ in endophilin animals.
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