The iodine content in food salt is generally determined qualitatively using rapid test kits or qu... more The iodine content in food salt is generally determined qualitatively using rapid test kits or quantitatively by iodometric titration (reference method). Spectrophotometric analysis is one of the recent developed quantitative methods, which has the advantage of being simple, robust and more convenient for the laboratory technician. However, there are few comparative studies between this method and the reference method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between spectrophotometric and iodometric titration methods. From May to October 2013, 117 salt samples were collected in the households of Glazoué's town (Benin), through a three-stage sampling. Samples were assayed by iodometric titration and by a portable spectrophotometer (WYD Iodine Checker). The agreement between results of the two methods was performed using Bland-Altman plots. The mean levels of iodine in salt samples were 28.2±14.0 and 28.4±14.0 ppm by iodometric titration and spectrophotometry respectively. There is an excellent correlation between the results of both methods (r= 0.97, p< 0.001). The agreement between the two methods gave a mean difference of d= 0.2 ppm, within the limits: d ± 2 sd=-6.2 and 6.5 ppm. This study showed that the spectrophotometric method can replace the iodometric titration for iodine analysis in dietary salt. This method is more convenient, uses simple laboratory procedures and can be popularized.
Effets d'une approche communautaire de prévention et de traitement de la malnutrition protéino-én... more Effets d'une approche communautaire de prévention et de traitement de la malnutrition protéino-énergétique infanto-juvénile: expérience du programme alimentaire et nutritionnel à base communautaire dans le département du Mono au Bénin (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Aug 30, 2022
Le développement de l'enfant est affecté par son alimentation, mais également par des facteurs li... more Le développement de l'enfant est affecté par son alimentation, mais également par des facteurs liés à l'environnement physique, social, économique et culturel dans lequel il vit. Ainsi, une défaillance au niveau de l'un de ces facteurs est responsable d'un retard de développement des facultés cognitives, comportementales, affectives, alimentaires et motrices qui suit l'enfant tout au long de sa vie. L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier le niveau de développement global des enfants d'âge préscolaire et les facteurs associés dans la zone sanitaire Klouékanmè-Toviklin-Lalo afin d'améliorer le contenu des interventions visant à améliorer la santé infantile au Bénin. En utilisant la formule de Schwartz, une enquête transversale descriptive et analytique a été menée du 02 au 30 Novembre 2020, au domicile de 362 enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois, sélectionnés par échantillonnage aléatoire à deux degrés dans 35 villages de la zone sanitaire Klouékanmè-Toviklin Lalo au sud-ouest du Bénin. Le niveau de développement des enfants a été apprécié suivant l'échelle de développement de Bricker. Sur les 362 enfants enquêtés, 62,98% avaient un faible niveau de développement global et 37,02% avaient un niveau de développement global acceptable. La prévalence de la malnutrition aiguë était de 4,18%, celle de l'insuffisance pondérale était de 17,78% et celle du retard de croissance était de 78,38%. En analyse multivariée, le faible niveau de bien-être socio-économique des ménages (OR95%=1,87 [1,61-6,90], p=0,044), le manque d'hygiène du cadre de vie (OR95%=8,60 [1,10-13,26], p=0,040), l'absence d'allaitement maternel exclusif jusqu'à 6 mois d'âge (OR95%=4,19 [1,54-11,36], p=0,005) et la consommation insuffisante d'eau (OR95%=6,94 [3,03-15,90], p=0,000) augmentaient le risque de faible niveau de développement global des enfants. Plus de la moitié des enfants avaient un faible niveau de développement global avec une prédominance du retard de croissance. Il est donc nécessaire que les interventions visant à lutter contre la malnutrition infantile s'intéressent au niveau de développement des enfants en s'appuyant d'une part sur l'amélioration de l'hygiène du cadre de vie des enfants, la promotion de l'allaitement maternel exclusif et un apport hydrique adéquat mais aussi en améliorant les conditions socioéconomiques des ménages.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Jul 19, 2017
RESUME L'augmentation de la prévalence de la surcharge pondérale chez les adolescents dans les pa... more RESUME L'augmentation de la prévalence de la surcharge pondérale chez les adolescents dans les pays en développement est un problème préoccupant. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'étudier l'ampleur de la surcharge pondérale et les facteurs associés chez les adolescents dans la ville de Ouidah au Bénin. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique qui a concerné un échantillon de 142 adolescents et leurs parents choisis par technique aléatoire à deux degrés dans la ville de Ouidah. La prévalence de la surcharge pondérale était de 5% chez les adolescents enquêtés. Les principaux facteurs significativement associés à la surcharge pondérale étaient la consommation fréquente d'aliments sucrés (p<0,001), le faible niveau d'activité physique (p<0,001), le grignotage (p<0,001) et le nombre d'heures de sommeil par nuit (p=0,002). La prise en compte de ces facteurs dans l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre des stratégies de prévention va contribuer à la réduction de la prévalence de la surcharge pondérale ainsi que ses conséquences morbides ultérieures dans la couche juvénile.
Introduction: Urban Air pollution is increasingly becoming a major health and sustainable develop... more Introduction: Urban Air pollution is increasingly becoming a major health and sustainable development issue. Several studies showed that Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is one of the main sources of urban air pollution and has serious consequences on respiratory health. As no systematic review focused on the traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health in the target population of individuals working in a shop or in an office or individuals living along the trunk road, the authors conducted the current study to try to fill this gap. Methods: A systematic review search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scientific Research Publishing: SCIRP, Web of Science, Google scholar. Studies were included if they meet the following selection criteria: 1) focus on population working or living along a major/trunk road; 2) studies had reported clearly at least on the exposure variables related to TRAP; 3) the association between TRAP and development of respiratory symptoms or respiratory diseases was established. Results: 13 articles were selected on the 192 articles that were retrieved in the initial research. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution was determined by using distance to road, traffic intensity and pollutants measured. The main respiratory health problems found were cough, wheeze, asthma and bronchitis. No article discussed about roundabouts in characterizing exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Conclusion: Distance to road, traffic density and pollutants measured are the usual methods to characterize the exposure to traffic-related air pollution and its consequences on respiratory health. Regarding the context of area occupations in African cities, it is necessary to focus on population around roundabouts and see if they are not more exposed to TRAP.
Cette étude visait à évaluer la performance du système de gestion logistique (SGL) des intrants d... more Cette étude visait à évaluer la performance du système de gestion logistique (SGL) des intrants de lutte contre le paludisme (ILP) dans le Département du Littoral, au Bénin, en 2017. Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale évaluative qui s'était déroulée en juin 2017. Elle portait sur les structures de stockage et de cession des ILP ainsi que le personnel impliqué dans leur gestion. La performance du SGL était évaluée à partir de la conformité observée pour les composantes et sous-composantes de la « Structure », du « Processus » et des « Résultats » par rapport aux normes ou standards définis par le Ministère de la Santé. Résultats: Un total de 36 structures a été enquêté avec leurs cibles secondaires. Il résulte que 52,78% des dépôts répartiteurs réunissaient les conditions optimales de stockage des intrants alors que seulement 33,33% des agents chargés de la gestion des ILP étaient formés en gestion logistique. La performance du SGL des ILP était insuffisante (conformité de 59,13% par rapport au score attendu). La structure, ainsi que le processus avaient une conformité Insuffisante par rapport aux normes (respectivement 60,20% et 73,22% du score attendu), engendrant des résultats jugés mauvais (41,53% du score attendu). La souscomposante la plus insuffisante était le système d'information de la gestion logistique (SIGL). Conclusion: Cette étude met en évidence la place du SIGL pour une meilleure performance de la gestion des ILP. Une attention particulière devra être accordée à ce volet.
Introduction: in spite of free caesarean section applied in Benin since 2009, high rates of still... more Introduction: in spite of free caesarean section applied in Benin since 2009, high rates of stillborn babies continue to be recorded. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with post-caesarean stillborn in Benin. Methods: Cross-sectional study that covered all women who have delivered by caesarean from December 2013 to February 2014 in twelve hospitals chosen by simple random selection in each of the twelve departments of Benin. Data collected by chart review have been analyzed using the statistical software Epi info 3.5.1. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with post-caesarean stillbirth at the significance threshold of 5%. Results: There were 66 stillborn per 1,000 births of which 58% died before admission to hospital. The risk factors identified were the reference (p = 0.0011), general anesthesia (p = 0.0371), the low birth weight (p = 0.0001), the retro-placental hematoma (p = 0.0083), and the umbilical cord prolapse (p = 0.0229). Acute fetal distress (p = 0.0308) and anesthesia administered by an anesthetist nurse or midwife (p = 0.0337) were protective factors. Conclusion: The majority of cases, in utero death occurred before admission to hospital. Strengthening antenatal refocused consultation, a better access to quality obstetric care and the grant of all obstetric care could reduce stillbirths from caesarean sections in Benin.
World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, Oct 30, 2022
Climate change is a real obstacle to agriculture because of the difficulty of water supply. Farme... more Climate change is a real obstacle to agriculture because of the difficulty of water supply. Farmers are trying to mitigate this problem by developing several strategies including those based on irrigation. Unfortunately, these irrigation techniques favour the entry of sodium in food crops. In response to this situation, research has been conducted in Benin to develop a salinity resistant variety of local amaranth (called line 23). The objective of this study is to determine the nutritional values of this resistant amaranth variety grown under salt stress and to compare them with the nutritional values of local amaranth grown under the same conditions. Local and resistant amaranth plants were grown in real environment and then stressed with salt concentrations of 0; 7.1 and 19.6 mmol NaCl. After harvesting, the leaves were sent to the laboratories for the determination of nutritional elements. Three replicates were done. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means of the nutritional elements assayed using JMP software (SAS Institute MC 2007). The results show a significant improvement in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin A levels in line 23 in contrast to the reference cultivar. However, the sodium content, although decreasing as the salt concentration increases, remains above acceptable limits. As for the reference cultivar, the results show an increase in the concentrations of several elements: iron, calcium, magnesium, including that of sodium, which is harmful to cardiovascular health.
International Archives of Public Health and Community Medicine
Excessive salt/sodium (Sodium > 2 grams/day, equivalent to 5 g salt/day) and low potassium (less ... more Excessive salt/sodium (Sodium > 2 grams/day, equivalent to 5 g salt/day) and low potassium (less than 3.5 grams/day) intake increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. To fight against cardiovascular diseases, the nutritional strategy is to regulate the dietary intake of salt/sodium and potassium according to set standards. Objective: This review aimed at documenting salt intake levels and the potential impact of salt reduction initiatives in Africa, based on studies published between January 2012 and April 2022. Methods: These studies were obtained thanks to PubMed/ MEDLINE electronic data, Google Scholar and specialized literature. The PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct the systematic review. Results: The synthesis produced 583 articles of which 39 studies matched our inclusion criteria. Among these 39 studies, 24 (including 3 systematic reviews and one study) assessed the intake of salt/sodium and potassium from urine tests. Seven studies assessed the salt/sodium content in food and 7 other studies focused on the awareness, attitudes, beliefs and practices of populations with regard to salt intake. One study focused on modelling. Salt intake varied from one country to the other; all countries had an intake level beyond set standards (< 5g/d/p). In Benin, for instance, the intake level was 4.4 g/24 h of sodium and 1.8 g/24 h of potassium. In Ghana, the estimated salt intake was 8.3 g/day and 6.8 g/day in South Africa. The salt content assessed in food also differed from one country to the other. In Nigeria, for instance, the sodium content was 1.36 g per 100 g of bread while it was 7.63 g (SD 3.12) per 100 g of bread in Tunisia. In Morocco, it was 8 to 9 g of salt for 100g of bread while it was 6 g in South Africa. The awareness of salt/sodium intake and of food rich in potassium has increased over the last decade. In South Africa, for instance, it has been noticed an evolution of 38 % to 59.5 % (p < 0. 0001) with people having improved upon their awareness further to mass sensitization campaigns. Some studies carried out both in South Africa and Ghana helped notice positive changes further to abiding by the salt-reduction bill, voted in July 2016. Most countries that have either benefited from the WHO (SAGE) support or adopted one of the national strategies in salt reduction like the South Africa's legislation, notably sensitization in Ghana and Nigeria, results proved to be encouraging. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant decrease in salt intake in countries having adopted important strategies of salt reduction over this decade. However, these efforts must be maintained by the whole of of countries if we wish to meet worldwide 30% reduction objective in 2025.
Additional file 1: of Evaluation of the international standardized 24-h dietary recall methodology (GloboDiet) for potential application in research and surveillance within African settings
Answers of the e-questionnaire by the experts panel. (XLSX 46Â kb)
The purpose of this partnership was to conduct research to produce evidence on the intervention (... more The purpose of this partnership was to conduct research to produce evidence on the intervention (1). This research showed that the intervention was appreciated by the general public and allowed the quality of care to be maintained while greatly and sustainably improving equity of access to health services, protecting households financially, and strengthening the empowerment of women and of the management committees. i
Issues maternelles, périnatales et ses facteurs associés à l'éclampsie à l'hôpital de la Mère Enfant Lagune de Cotonou au Bénin
Introduction: L'eclampsie est un probleme de sante important dans le monde et en Afrique le t... more Introduction: L'eclampsie est un probleme de sante important dans le monde et en Afrique le tribut paye par le fœtus et la mere pour cause d'eclampsie en termes de mortalite perinatale et maternelle reste particulierement lourd. Notre etude avait pour objectif d'etudier l'issue de l'eclampsie ainsi que ses facteurs associes a l'hopital de la Mere et de l'Enfant Lagune de Cotonou en 2007. Methode: Il s'etait agi d'une etude retrospective descriptive et analytique ayant eu pour sujets des femmes ayant developpe une eclampsie entre le 1 er janvier et le 31 decembre 2007. Deux cents patientes eclamptiques ont ete recensees, et pour chaque patiente, il a ete note les parametres sociodemo-graphiques, medicaux, l'issue maternelle et l'issue fœtale, les facteurs qui leur sont associes. Des ana-lyses univariee et multivariee ont ete realisees pour etudier les relations entre les issues et les diffe-rents parametres et pour determiner ceux qui sont ...
Malnutrition infantile et facteurs maternels associés dans une ville secondaire au sud du Bénin, Ouidah
Revue D Epidemiologie Et De Sante Publique, 1999
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to find the needs and priorities for interventions to impro... more BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to find the needs and priorities for interventions to improve children's nutritional state in a secondary city in Benin. It addressed the issues of the magnitude and distribution of infant malnutrition and related maternal factors. It also aimed to identify an easy to use and low cost, but valid, technique to diagnose malnutrition in children. METHOD: First of all, the prevalence of infant malnutrition was assessed with a representative sample of 492 children aged less than 36 months, in all four communities of the city. Then the sensitivity and specificity of arm circumference were studied and the associations between the children's anthropometric indices were assessed. Secondly in a sub-group of 200 couples of mothers and children, an analysis was conducted to show the links between the indices of mothers' nutritional status, some of their social and economical variables, and the children's anthropometric indices. RESULTS: The ...
Accessibilité aux soins et complications chroniques chez les diabétiques de type 2 A Cotonou - Bénin
La prise en charge optimale de la maladie represente aujourd'hui le meilleur moyen de prevent... more La prise en charge optimale de la maladie represente aujourd'hui le meilleur moyen de prevention des complications chroniques du diabete et ne peut se concevoir sans une bonne accessibilite aux soins. Objectif. Evaluer au sein des diabetiques suivis au centre de depistage et de prise en charge du diabete, l'accessibilite au traitement et son influence sur la frequence des complications chroniques. Patients et methode. La population d'etude etait constituee des diabetiques de type 2 âges de 30 a 75 ans. L'echantillon a ete constitue par un sondage exhaustif des cas successivement recus pendant la periode du 19 au 31 octobre 2007. Chaque patient a ete soumis avec son accord a un interrogatoire puis a un examen clinique dans la confidentialite. Les dossiers medicaux des patients ont ete consultes pour un complement d'information. Les complications explorees sont: la neuropathie, la dysfonction erectile, la nephropathie, la retinopathie, la macroangiopathie et les le...
Quality and Management of well water in Benin rural environment Situation of Grand-Popo Sub-prefe... more Quality and Management of well water in Benin rural environment Situation of Grand-Popo Sub-prefecture 100 wells out of 106 re g i s t e red in Grand-Popo Subprefecture were submitted to chemical and bacteriological tests; in the same way 100 households using well waters were also considered for a survey focussed on their behaviour towards drinking water. On a quantitative point of view, the numbering of germs collected from tested well waters has demonstrated that INTRODUCTION L’eau constitue un élément indispensable pour la vie des êtres vivants et surtout à celle de l’homme, l’avoir à disposition en quantité suffisante, en qualité, contribue au maintien de la santé. La Communauté Internationale réunie en 1977 à Mar Del Plata en Argentine, a décidé de faire de la décennie 19811990 la décennie internationale de l’eau potable et de l’assainissement [5]. Le but à cette rencontre internationale était d’élever le niveau de santé et de production des populations, de faire régresser les ...
Body fatness and physical activity (PA) among children should be measured accurately to address t... more Body fatness and physical activity (PA) among children should be measured accurately to address the pandemics of obesity and physical inactivity. Limited accurate PA data exist in the African region, and crude proxy measures of body composition (such as body mass index: BMI) and physical activity (such as questionnaires) may have limited most surveys and studies from the region. A stable isotope technique (deuterium dilution) and accelerometry provide ‘gold standards’ for validating measures of body fatness and PA, respectively. The consortium on “Reducing Obesity Using Nuclear Techniques to Design Interventions in Africa (ROUND-IT)” Study, therefore aimed to validate the accuracy of, 1) World Health Organisation’s (WHO) BMI-for-age as a means of assessing excessive body fatness; 2) the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) as a means of measuring PA, and 3) to describe accelerometer-measured PA in a large African multi-country sample of children 6 – 11 years of age (...
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