Umesh Naik

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Biodegradation and delignification of sugar cane bagasse of pulp and paper mill effluent by Cryptococcus albidus for production of bioethanol

ABSTRACT The study aims to extend the range of resources from which ethanol may be made from suga... more ABSTRACT The study aims to extend the range of resources from which ethanol may be made from sugar cane bagasse which is used primarily for preparation of pulp and paper. Seven fungal strains isolated from sediment and degraded wood of pulp and paper mill effluent in which one strain identified by 18S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as Cryptococcus albidus had higher decolourization and delignification potency. The production of sugar by Cryptococcus albidus was increased (1.5 fold) in presence of sugarcane bagasse after optimization of process parameters by Taguchi approach. The sugar cane bagasse treated initially by fungus (saccharification) subsequently treated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated production of ethanol (38.4g/L). However, an increase in 1.82 fold (70.0g/L) ethanol was measured after optimization of fermentation process by Taguchi approach where carbon (2%), nitrogen (0.24%), phosphate (0.24%) temperature (35°C), stirring (150) and pH (5.5) were used, indicated use of sugarcane bagasse of pulp and paper mill effluent for production of ethanol.

Mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction by an indigenous Rhizobium pusense CR02 isolated from chromite mining quarry water (CMQW) at Sukinda valley, India

Toxicological assessment of CMQW generated due to chromite mining activities at Sukinda, valley h... more Toxicological assessment of CMQW generated due to chromite mining activities at Sukinda, valley has revealed high chromium contamination along with Zn and Fe. The present study focused on mechanism of chromate reduction by an indigenous multi-metal tolerant bacterium Rhizobium pusense CR02 isolated from CMQW. Isolated strain has shown resistance upto (520 mg/L) of Cr(VI) with IC50 value of 385.4 mg/L. The highest reduction rate 8.6×10-2/h was recorded with 20 mg/L of initial concentration of Cr(VI). Extracellular (3.06±0.012 U/mL), intracellular (3.60±0.13 U/mL) and membrane (1.89±0.01 U/mL) associated chromate reductases were found to be involved for reduction. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the isolate also enhanced reduction activity of 46.32±1.69 mg/L after 72 h with initial concentration of 50 mg/L. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of functional groups –OH, -CO and –NH for Cr(VI) biosorption whereas P=O, -CO-NH- and -COOH interacted with Cr(III)....

Characterisation of multi-metal resistant Serratia sp. GP01 for treatment of effluent from fertilizer industries

The effluent generated from fertilizer plants in Paradeep in the coast of the Bay of Bengal is th... more The effluent generated from fertilizer plants in Paradeep in the coast of the Bay of Bengal is the major pollutant causing health hazard in the vicinity of the area with respect to plants, animals and microbes. Samples of effluent were found to contain heavy metals (mg L-1): Cr (100), Ni (36.975), Mn (68.673), Pb (20.133), Cu (74.44), Zn (176.716), Hg (5.358) and As (24.287) as analyzed by XRF. Indigenous bacterial strains were screened for chromate and multi-metal resistance to remediate the toxic pollutants. The isolated strain G1 was identified as Serratia sp. through 16S-rDNA sequence homology. Potent strain Serratia sp. GP01 treated with 100 mg L-1 of K2Cr2O7 has shown the efficacy of reducing 69.05 mg L-1 of Cr over 48 h of incubation. Further, presence of chromate reductase gene (ChR) in Serratia sp. confirmed the enzymatic reduction of Cr (VI). SEM-EDX and SEM mapping analysis revealed substantial biosorption of Cr and other heavy metals present in effluent by Serratia sp. G...

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Characterization of multi-metal-resistant Serratia sp. GP01 for treatment of effluent from fertilizer industries

Archives of Microbiology, 2021

The e uent generated from fertilizer plants in Paradeep in the coast of the Bay of Bengal is the ... more The e uent generated from fertilizer plants in Paradeep in the coast of the Bay of Bengal is the major pollutant causing health hazard in the vicinity of the area with respect to plants, animals and microbes. Samples of e uent were found to contain heavy metals (mg L -1 ): Cr (100), Ni (36.975), Mn (68.673), Pb (20.133), Cu (74.44), Zn (176.716), Hg (5.358) and As (24.287) as analyzed by XRF. Indigenous bacterial strains were screened for chromate and multi-metal resistance to remediate the toxic pollutants. The isolated strain G1 was identi ed as Serratia sp. through 16S-rDNA sequence homology. Potent strain Serratia sp. GP01 treated with 100 mg L -1 of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 has shown the e cacy of reducing 69.05 mg L -1 of Cr over 48 h of incubation. Further, presence of chromate reductase gene (ChR) in Serratia sp. con rmed the enzymatic reduction of Cr (VI). SEM-EDX and SEM mapping analysis revealed substantial biosorption of Cr and other heavy metals present in e uent by Serratia sp. GP01. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (72.15 U mL -1 ), SOD (57.14 U mL -1 ) and peroxidase (62.49 U mL -1 ) were found to be higher as compared to the control condition. FTIR study also revealed the role of N-H, O-H, C = C, C-H, C-O, C-N, and C = O functional groups of the cell surface of Serratia sp. treated with K 2 Cr 2 O 7 and e uent from the fertilizer industry. Isolated strain Serratia sp. could be used for the detoxi cation of Cr (VI) and other heavy metals in fertilizer plant e uent.

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Integrated bacteria-algal bioreactor for removal of toxic metals in acid mine drainage from iron ore mines

Bioresource Technology Reports, 2020

Toxicity of AMD on rice seedlings lead to abnormal growth and development. Concentration (mg/L) o... more Toxicity of AMD on rice seedlings lead to abnormal growth and development. Concentration (mg/L) of Mn (1671.17), Cu (84.55), Al (4530), Ti (834.97), Si (1974), S (1028) and Fe (12462) were detected in AMD. We developed an integrated bacteria-algal technology efficiently removing >95% of toxic metals from AMD after 48 h of treatment following microalgae culture for rising DO from 3.78 to 6.7 mg/L. Germination (%) of rice seed was found to be maximum with detoxified AMD and control condition showing 94.55% and 94.44% respectively whereas 53.32% of germination was with AMD. Catalase activity (U/mg/min) and peroxidase activity (U/mL) were found as 80.52 < 90.10 < 127.93 < 152.59 and 2.18 < 2.46 < 2.60 < 3.36 respectively with control, detoxified AMD, AMD, and CuSO₄.5H₂O. Genotoxicity of treated AMD was found to be negligible in comparison to AMD on root cells of rice seedlings.

Biodegradation and delignification of sugar cane bagasse of pulp and paper mill effluent by Cryptococcus albidus for production of bioethanol

The study aims to extend the range of resources from which ethanol may be made from sugar cane ba... more The study aims to extend the range of resources from which ethanol may be made from sugar cane bagasse which is used primarily for preparation of pulp and paper. Seven fungal strains isolated from sediment and degraded wood of pulp and paper mill effluent in which one strain identified by 18S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as Cryptococcus albidus had higher decolourization and delignification potency. The production of sugar by Cryptococcus albidus was increased (1.5 fold) in presence of sugarcane bagasse after optimization of process parameters by Taguchi approach. The sugar cane bagasse treated initially by fungus (saccharification) subsequently treated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated production of ethanol (38.4g/L). However, an increase in 1.82 fold (70.0g/L) ethanol was measured after optimization of fermentation process by Taguchi approach where carbon (2%), nitrogen (0.24%), phosphate (0.24%) temperature (35°C), stirring (150) and pH (5.5) were used, indicated us...

Assessment of in vitro cyto/genotoxicity of sequentially treated electroplating effluent on the human hepatocarcinoma HuH-7 cell line

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2014

The present study compares in vitro toxicity of electroplating effluent after the batch treatment... more The present study compares in vitro toxicity of electroplating effluent after the batch treatment process with that obtained after the sequential treatment process. Activated charcoal prepared from sugarcane bagasse through chemical carbonization, and tolerant indigenous bacteria, Bacillus sp. strain IST105, were used individually and sequentially for the treatment of electroplating effluent. The sequential treatment involving activated charcoal followed by bacterial treatment removed 99% of Cr(VI) compared with the batch processes, which removed 40% (charcoal) and 75% (bacteria), respectively. Post-treatment in vitro cyto/genotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT test and the comet assay in human HuH-7 hepatocarcinoma cells. The sequentially treated sample showed an increase in LC 50 value with a 6-fold decrease in cometassay DNA migration compared with that of untreated samples. A significant decrease in DNA migration and an increase in LC 50 value of treated effluent proved the higher effectiveness of the sequential treatment process over the individual batch processes.

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Nanobiotechnology: A Process to Combat Abiotic Stress in Crop Plants

Nanobiotechnology, 2021

In recent years, the dire climatic change has increased the exposure of the crop plants to regula... more In recent years, the dire climatic change has increased the exposure of the crop plants to regular but various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Reports on abiotic stresses imposing potential adverse effects on crop productivity worldwide are more than biotic stresses. Abiotic stresses mainly drought, salinity, flooding, metal toxicity, and rising temperature due to global warming disrupts the ionic and osmotic balance of the plant cell. As a result, there is restriction of diverse crop farming declining agricultural production over large areas. The declining crop production leads to negative and inevitable effects on the livelihoods of the farmers and mankind for their survival. According to a report, the maximum yield associated with abiotic stress factors is estimated to vary between 54 and 82%. Not only these stresses adversely affect the sustainability of the agricultural industry, but it also threatens the national economy and food security. Therefore, the major challenge ...

Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus Cereus from Milk

PURPOSE: Electroplating industries are the main sources of heavy metals, chromium, nickel, lead, ... more PURPOSE: Electroplating industries are the main sources of heavy metals, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc, cadmium and copper. The highest concentrations of chromium (VI) in the effluent cause a direct hazards to human and animals. Therefore, there is a need of an effective and affordable biotechnological solution for removal of chromium from electroplating effluent. METHODS: Bacterial strains were isolated from electroplating effluent to find out higher tolerant isolate against chromate. The isolate was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Absorbed chromium level of bacterium was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Removal of metals by bacterium from the electroplating effluent eventually led to the detoxification of effluent confirmed by MTT assay. Conformational changes of functional groups of bacterial cell surface were studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The chromate tolerant isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus. Bacterium has potency to remove more than 75% of chromium as measured by ICP-AES and AAS. The study indicated the accumulation of chromium (VI) on bacterial cell surface which was confirmed by the SEM-EDX and TEM analysis. The biosorption of metals from the electroplating effluent eventually led to the detoxification of effluent. The increased survivability of Huh7 cells cultured with treated effluent also confirmed the detoxification as examined by MTT assay. CONCLUSION: Isolated strain B. cereus was able to remove and detoxify chromium (VI). It would be an efficient tool of the biotechnological approach in mitigating the heavy metal pollutants.

Umesh Naik

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