Papers by Tunde Joseph Ogunkunle
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014
The safety of many African traditional herbal remedies is doubtful due to lack of standardization... more The safety of many African traditional herbal remedies is doubtful due to lack of standardization. This study therefore attempted to standardize two polyherbal formulations from Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, with respect to the relative proportions (weight-for-weight) of their botanical constituents. Information supplied by 41 local herbal practitioners was statistically screened for consistency and then used to quantify the composition of antimalarial (Maloff-HB) and haematinic (Haematol-B) powdered herbal formulations with nine and ten herbs, respectively. Maloff-HB contained the stem bark ofEnantia chloranthaOliv. (30.0),Alstonia booneiDe Wild (20.0),Mangifera indicaL. (10.0),Okoubaka aubrevilleiPhelleg & Nomand (8.0),Pterocarpus osunCraib (4.0), root bark ofCalliandra haematocephalaHassk (10.0),Sarcocephalus latifolius(J. E. Smith) E. A. Bruce (8.0),Parquetina nigrescens(Afz.) Bullock (6.0), and the vines ofCassytha filiformisL. (4.0), while Haematol-B was composed of the leaf s...
African Journal of Biotechnology, Jun 11, 2014
Different types of powdered antimalarial and blood-enriching (haematinic) recipes are used in tra... more Different types of powdered antimalarial and blood-enriching (haematinic) recipes are used in traditional health system of Southwestern Nigeria. Two of these from Ogbomoso (that is Maloff-HB and Haematol-B, respectively) were recently named following a quantitative definition of their botanical constituents. However, information on the physico-chemical and phytochemical properties as well as the residual constituents of both polyherbal formulations (PHFs) is lacking. The amount of ascorbic acid in them was therefore determined using ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometric method. Their elemental compositions (magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium and copper) were also quantified spectrophotometrically. Maloff-HB and haematol-B contain high quantities of ascorbic acid (mean values of 542.35 and 414.14 mg/100 g, respectively). This is the antioxidant that has been implicated in many redox reactions which promote good health. Both drugs are also rich in Mg (1319.04 and 2340.00 mg/100 g, respectively) and Ca (784.31 and 1011.67 mg/100 g, respectively), these values being comparable to the recommended dietary intakes. The values obtained for Fe/Cu and Fe/Zn ratios can promote bioavailability of these important mineral elements. The important role of ascorbic acid in enhancing iron absorption is discussed with the conclusion that the two drugs have the potential to meet some dietary requirements which promote healthy blood that prevents infections. The study recommends safety and efficacy evaluations of the two PHFs based on their residual constituents, in vivo activity and bioavailability of their beneficial constituents.
Leaf transpiration study on seven selected tree species from ogbomoso nigeria for afforestation of dry Areas
Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Botany
Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials
The antibacterial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic and aqeous extr... more The antibacterial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic and aqeous extract of Vernonia amygdalina was performed against clinical isolates obtained from University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) which included Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Generally, the ethanol extracts showed more activities than aqueous extracts in both samples. The extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the test organisms (0.5 to 15.50 mm). The phytochemical screening of Vernonia amydalina showed the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins and alkaloids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 25 and 200 mg/ml. V. amydalina exhibited a minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) of 50 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and 125 mg/ml for S. aureus while E. coil was bacteriostastic. The crude extracts exhibited strong potency against the clinical bacteria with P. aeruginosa being the most susceptible. The antibacterial efficacy of the crude extracts is therefore discussed.
Google scholar citation in retrospect: Visibility and contributions of African scholars
COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management
Research Journal of Botany, 2013
Effects of Xanthomonas campestris gum on the shelf life of Carica papaya fruits
Effects of Edible Coatings from Xanthum Gum Produced from Xanthomonas Campestris Pammel on the Shelf Life of Carica Papaya Linn Fruits
The Contribution of Stem Diameter to the Papermaking Suitability of Gmelinaarborea Roxb. Wood
Contributions to classification of some Nigerian species of Ficus L.(Moraceae) by using wood anatomical characteristics
The basic principle of protection against nuclear radiation is to keep radiation exposure as much... more The basic principle of protection against nuclear radiation is to keep radiation exposure as much as possible below the maximum permissible dose equivalent (MPD). In order to redress the dependence on costly shielding materials such as lead, steel, glass and gypsum, cheaper and readily available materials such as wood have been brought under focus as potential resources for shielding hazardous radiations. Making use of the relative transmission of 60 kVp X-rays by the wood of six Nigerian tree species as reference data, this study examined the wood anatomy of the tree species (i.e Syzygium guinense (Willd.) DC., Tectona grandis L., Afzelia pachyloba Harms., A. africana Pers., Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel with a view to providing information on the wood anatomical basis for their X-ray shielding capabilities. T. grandis and G. arborea were the two most fibrous of the six species studied, with their fibre-to-non-fibrous tissue ratios (F/NF) being 1.24 and 1.01 respectively. Incidentally, these two species transmitted the least amounts of radiation at an average wood thickness of 5 cm. Tyloses were observed in the wood of all but G. arborea and D. oliveri, and the % of vessels with tylose ranged from 20.64 to 50.36. At 0.05 level of probability, the reference data on relative X-ray transmission showed significant positive correlation with % axial parenchyma content (r = 0.754), but significant negative correlations with % fibre content (-0.734), % of vessels with tylose (-0.864), vessel diameter (-0.757), vessel lumen width (-0.753) and F/NF (-0.742). The diagnostic X-ray attenuation capability of the wood samples examined can therefore be anatomically explained by these six parameters, and their evaluation in prospective wood samples for shielding hazardous radiations can be useful.
Leaf Epidermal Morphology of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. F., Host Plant of Cirina forda Larva (Westwood) from Different Locations in Nigeria
Anatomical studies on the leaf epidermis of Vitellaria paradoxa from three different locations in... more Anatomical studies on the leaf epidermis of Vitellaria paradoxa from three different locations in Nigeria namely Bida, Irawo and Ogbomoso were undertaken with a view to providing similarities and differences in their leaf epidermal characters. All the leaves were characterized by pinnate venation, undulate margin, oblong shape and acute bases. The leaf length/width ratio was 3:1 in all, while the leaf length/petiole length ratio was 2:1 in Irawo and Bida collections and 3:1 in Ogbomoso collection. The polygonal epidermal cells observed in the leaves had wavy to slightly straight anticlinal wall patterns. The leaves from the three locations were hypostomatic with paracytic stomatal complexes. Variations in epidermal cell shapes and anticlinal wall patterns observed in the leaves were probable adaptations to environmental factors. The results of this study are suggestive of the possible occurrence of different varieties of V. paradoxa in Nigeria. Keywords: Vitellaria paradoxa, epidermal cells, leaves, stomata, guard cells.
Structure and potential of Gmelina arborea wood as a source of dietary fiber in foods
The Diagnostic Value of Leaf Epidermis and Wood Structure in Some Nigerian Species of Ficus L
Anatomy and secondary thickening pattern of the stem in Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) a gray
ABSTRACT The primary stem of Tithonia diversifolia in Nigeria contains a peripheral ring of 24-36... more ABSTRACT The primary stem of Tithonia diversifolia in Nigeria contains a peripheral ring of 24-36 collateral vascular bundles in the ground matrix of thin-walled cells. Large bundles more or less alternate with thin (or medullary) bundles both having conspicuous crescent shaped bundle caps but the circumference of the latter bundle type is slightly smaller. 5 to 8 layers of lacuna (angular) collenchyma boarder the vascular tissues and on the outside of these is a uniseriate oval to rectangular shape epidermal cell layer. The development of wood and bast in the stem involves three main stages: Vascular bundles radially elongate as a result of the meristematic activities of the intrafascicular cambium; the medullary bundles being more active. At the periphery of the stem diameter and near the bundle cap, the cambium of each medullary bundle undergoes first, anticlinal cell division and later both anticlinal and periclinal divisions to form wood and bast elements. In the cambium of the thick bundles, only periclinal divisions form these secondary tissues.Continuous formation of secondary tissue elements, much more by the thin bundles and slowly by the thick bundles results in a peripheral but discontinuous cylinder of wood and a few layers of bast elements in the stem of Tithonia diversifolia. The implication of the secondary thickening pattern in Tithonia is that there is an economy of dry matter requirement per unit increase in size and volume i.e. growth. The plant bulk is maintained mainly by hydrostatic support from turgid parenchyma with the low dry matter requirement thus promoting survival and competitiveness (when water is not limiting) with other plants in poor soils. Keywords: Interfascicular areas , medullary ray, Procambium, Tithonia diversifolia, vascular cambium, wedgeshaped bundles.
An objective method for selecting hardwood species for pulp and paper making (PPM) is being propo... more An objective method for selecting hardwood species for pulp and paper making (PPM) is being proposed. This technique statistically compares the available anatomical and other relevant data in the reference wood (i.e. Gmelina arborea Roxb.) with those of an alternative wood sample. Based on the result of the comparison, it computes the suitability index (SI), a numeric value by which the PPM potential of the alternative hardwood species can be precisely defined. The SI of G. arborea wood carries a value of 1.00 while that of any other hardwood ranges between 0 and 1 if the alternative wood sample is less suitable or, above 1 if it is more suitable for pulping. The SI model was used to determine the PPM suitability of 12 Nigerian species of Ficus L.in relation to G. arborea wood, the widely acknowledged PPM resource in Nigeria. The Ficus species investigated in order of their preference for PPM are listed as F. thonningii (0.8325), F. mucuso (0.7964), F. ottonifolia (0.7704), F. lutea (0.7545), F.sur (0.7504), F. exasperata (0.7454), F. natalensis (0.7309), F. ingens (0.7166), F. polita (0.7094), F. populifolia (0.7054), F. ovata (0.6947) and F. umbellata (0.6728). The merits of the technique over the conventional descriptive approach are listed and some of its limitations are highlighted.
Diagnostic value of trichomes in some Nigerian species of Ocimum, Hyptis and Tinnea (Lamiaceae)
Determination of heavy metal contamination of street-vended fruits and vegetables in Lagos state, Nigeria
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2013
Biological identification is an applied field of Systematic Biology that deals with the construct... more Biological identification is an applied field of Systematic Biology that deals with the construction and usage of diagnostic keys. The two primary tools of identification are tables and dichotomous keys; a third one involving the use of computer is still at various level of development. This review aims at the state of art in identification and appraisal of the various identification aids as well as challenges associated. It finally presents the recent development in computer identification aids and its future challenges for evolvement of solutions in this new area of Identification as applied to the field of Biology.
Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development
Results: Fifty-five medicinal plant species from 33 angiosperm families were used by traditional ... more Results: Fifty-five medicinal plant species from 33 angiosperm families were used by traditional herbal medical practitioners to produce 68 TOPHFs that are indicated for treating 17 different health conditions. The sources of raw material herbs, in relative terms, were purchased from herbal markets (43.8%), collected from the wild (28.1%) and cultivated (28.1%). Most of the herbs can be sustainably harvested and only 3 (i.e. 5.5%) of the 55 plant species (i.e. Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertn., Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. and Garcinia kola Heckel) are under threatened (vulnerable) species. Conclusion: Production of TOPHFs in Ogbomoso is sustainable with minimal injury on the natural flora.
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Papers by Tunde Joseph Ogunkunle