Dalibor Tomic

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Papers by Dalibor Tomic

Cobalt Fertilization in Order to Promote Nitrogen Fixation in Annual Forage Legumes

Breeding potential of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of landraces and autochthone varieties of Capsicum annuum L. in Republic of Serbia

Notulae botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Feb 13, 2024

By maintaining a large number of local pepper genotypes, it is possible to preserve a large numbe... more By maintaining a large number of local pepper genotypes, it is possible to preserve a large number of desirable genes that can be used in different pepper selection programs. The aim of this study was to classify a part of the collection of 15 genotypes (11 populations and 4 varieties originating from autochthonous populations) of peppers originating from Republic of Serbia. Morphological characteristics (weight, length, width, pericarp thickness, color before fruit ripening, shape and number of fruit chambers) and 10 phytochemical parameters of the fruit (carbohydrates, essential oils, ash, cellulose, beta carotene, potassium, iron, vitamin C, total phenols, antioxidant activity) were studied. Using statistical multivariate techniques (PCA and Cluster analysis), the degree of variation between local populations was assessed and diversity was determined based on the morphological and nutritional characteristics of pepper fruits. Morphological traits were determined using two main components that accounted for 70.3% of the variability. These components accounted for 49.8% of the variation in nutritional traits. The 'Čokotanka' population would be suitable for individual selection and reduced divergence within the population, since it has 6 tested traits that resulted in high diversity index. Populations 'Stojankina kletva', 'Lalić' and 'Strižanka' would be suitable for recombination of genes to improve the properties of individual selection programs for this vegetable species.

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Perennial forage legumes as an element of sustainable systems

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca, Aug 30, 2023

In the current intensive systems of agricultural production, many important features, i.e., funct... more In the current intensive systems of agricultural production, many important features, i.e., functions of the agroecosystem have been degraded and disrupted. The intensification of agricultural production inevitably leads to land degradation in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The increasing presence of monocultures, reduced crop rotation, and excessive use of mineral nutrients, lead to several negative phenomena in such agroecosystems. Along with efforts to reduce energy consumption, and environmental pollution, intensify sustainable agriculture systems, and maintain biodiversity, the possibility of increasing the area under perennial forage legumes should be considered. As nitrogen fixers, these plants are minimally fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers whose residues in the soil are lost by leaching, causing pollution of groundwater as well as surface watercourses. The introduction of perennial legumes in the crop rotation can provide numerous benefits, such as increased and more stable yields of protein-rich biomass, conservation, and repair of land resources, increased yield stability, better utilization of nutrients, water, and light, as well as weed, disease, and pest control. The introduction of legumes in production systems would limit the increasingly pronounced land degradation. In order to develop sustainable agriculture, market policy should recognize the value of products obtained from leguminous plants through certain agricultural policy measures.

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Crop Weeds Detection Using Neural Network Models

Weeds are one of the most important factors affecting agricultural production. Environmental poll... more Weeds are one of the most important factors affecting agricultural production. Environmental pollution caused by the application of herbicides over the entire agricultural land surface is becoming more and more obvious. Accurately distinguishing crops from weeds by machines and achieving precise treatment of only weed species is one possibility to reduce the use of herbicides. However, precise treatment depends on the precise identification and location of weeds and cultivated plants. The aim of the work was to describe and point out the importance of deep learning models for the detection and classification of weeds, in order to enhance their application in real conditions.

NPK Fertilizer Addition Effect on „Nardus Stricta“ Type Grassland in Kopaonik Mountine

This study examines how the addition of NPK fertilizers impacts the change in Nardus stricta type... more This study examines how the addition of NPK fertilizers impacts the change in Nardus stricta type grasslands. The investigation was carried out on the mountain Kopaonik between 2009 and 2012. The effects of four fertilizing treatments: control; N60 (N60P60K60); N90 (N90P60K60); N120 (N120P60K60) on plant species composition, Shannon evenness, and EGQ (evaluation grassland quality index) were researched. The control treatment was dominated by Nardus stricta species, while Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris presence was a feature of fertilizing treatments. The highest nitrogen intake (N120) had Shannon evenness that was very similar to that of the control. All fertilizing treatments resulted in increasing forage value.

Folijarna primena mineralnih hraniva u proizvodnji semena crvene deteline na kiselom zemljištu

Универзитет у Крагујевцу, Sep 8, 2017

The Role of Cobalt in Forage Legumes

The growth and metabolism of plants, especially on acidic soils, largely depend on the concentrat... more The growth and metabolism of plants, especially on acidic soils, largely depend on the concentration of cobalt (Co) in the soil, i.e. the rhizosphere. An optimal supply of cobalt is essential for N2 fixation of Rhizobium bacteria that are in symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, influencing their better growth and supplying them with nitrogen. When there is a lack of Co in the plant, the organic production of legumes falls. Indirectly or directly, Co also affects other metabolic processes in plants. The aim of the work was to analyze the importance of optimal provision of forage legumes with cobalt for obtaining high and quality yields of forage and seeds.

The Role of Cobalt in Forage Legumes

1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOTECHNOLOGY : proceedings

Production qualitative forage perennial legumes

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Alien invasive species – introduction, spread and influence in the environment

Course Alien invasive species-introduction, spread and influence in the environment Target Agricu... more Course Alien invasive species-introduction, spread and influence in the environment Target Agricultural Middle Schools and Agricultural Extension Service Type blended Duration 3 days-24 hours Description The purpose of the course is to increase knowledge about alien invasive species as completely new and unknown members in ecosystem, their influence to autochthonous flora and fauna, ways of introduction, risks of new introduction and implementation of this new knowledge in practical work.

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Effect of Cobalt Application on Seed Production in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Mar 15, 2014

A field experiment involving red clover varieties K-39, K-17, Una and Viola was established on an... more A field experiment involving red clover varieties K-39, K-17, Una and Viola was established on an acidic (pH H2O 4.8) soil to evaluate the effects of foliar application of cobalt (a beneficial nutrient for efficient nitrogen fixation) on seed yield, and on seed yield components. The foliar spray of the crop was carried out using cobalt nitrate [Co(NO 3) 2 ] with the treatments: one application at the intensive growth phase during the first growth, while two others during the second growth within the second year of cultivation. Seed yield and yield components were recorded from the second growth within the second year of the study. Regardless of foliar cobalt application, the varieties produced a significantly higher seed yield in 2011, when the rainfall received from the onset of flowering until seed maturation was recorded as lower than that in 2010. The foliar treatment with cobalt was in general accompanied by a positive effect on seed yield and seed yield components in all the varieties. As compared with control, a significant increase in seed yield, in the cobalt applied treatment, was obtained only in Viola, mostly due to the significant increase in flower number i.e. seed number per inflorescence. The more favorable response of Viola to foliar cobalt application may have been attributed to a greater percentage of foliage cover during the treatment, as compared with the other varieties. This suggests that foliar cobalt treatment in future studies should be performed at the early stages of development i.e. during intensive growth throughout the first and second cuts, in order to stimulate nodulation and have greater nitrogen fixation in a needed timely manner.

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Morphological and Chemical Characterization of a Collection of Mountain Clover Natural Populations

Romanian Agricultural Research, 2022

With climate change evident, the possibility opens up of introducing into production a species th... more With climate change evident, the possibility opens up of introducing into production a species that, although not characterized by high yield, nevertheless offers some other benefits for both the environment and man. One of these species is mountain clover (Trifolium montanum L.), a species widespread around European in the past, but due to agricultural activities its habitat has become fragmented and areas of mountain clover impaired. In the present study, the collection of nine natural populations of mountain clover originating from different parts of the hilly-mountainous areas of Serbia was tested in field conditions. We analysed different morphological traits (green plant biomass, stem length, internode number, number of lateral branches, leaf length and leaf width), dry matter quality traits (content of crude proteins, crude fibre and crude fat) as well as secondary metabolites (total phenolic content, flavonoid contents and antioxidative activity). We collected morphological data and plant samples during 2011 and 2012. We performed descriptive statistics to provide basic information about variables in the dataset, then calculated Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and performed two-way ANOVA and principal component analyses (PCA). Analysing the broad range of data collected during two years, we found considerable morphological and chemical diversity amongst the collection of mountain clovers from central Serbia. Mean coefficient of variation (CV) in the morphological dataset ranged from 18% (stem length) to 57.6% (plant biomass) in 2011 and from 16.5% (leaf length) to 70.6% (stem number) in 2012. Dry matter (DM) parameters displayed the lowest CV, ranging from 6.1% (crude proteins) to 14.8% (crude fat), indicating that these parameters were less discriminative within the study collection. Over all populations, average crude protein content was 19.5%, and average crude fibre content was 27.3%. Total phenolic contents (expressed as gallic acid equivalent, GAE) ranged from 49.8 to 89.7 mg GAE g-1 DM, and flavonoid contents (expressed as rutin, Ru, equivalent) ranged from 66.8 to 142 mg Ru g-1 DM. Average antioxidative activity expressed in terms of IC 50 values ranged from 177 to 426 mg ml-1 of methanol extract.

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Unapređenje Proizvodnje Stočne Hrane Na Prirodnim Travnjacima

Zbornik radova, 2021

Yield and quality of forage mainly depend on the floristic composition, ie the share of higher qu... more Yield and quality of forage mainly depend on the floristic composition, ie the share of higher quality grasses and legumes, soil fertility, amount and distribution of precipitation and light. Natural meadows and pastures are the most important resource in the forage production in the hilly and mountainous area of Republic of Serbia. Despite the large areas, the forage production on natural grasslands is relatively low. Limited application of a small number of agrotechnical measures is the main reason for low and unstable yields and poor forage quality. Only by appropriate fertilization of meadows and pastures with mineral and organic fertilizers, their rational exploitation, it is possible to achieve an increase in hay yield by several times and improvement in forage quality, simultaneously.

Pre-Sowing Seed Inoculation in the Birdsfoot Trefoil Seed Production

Agrofor, Apr 2, 2018

A prerequisite for the improvement of birdsfoot trefoilproduction is the production of sufficient... more A prerequisite for the improvement of birdsfoot trefoilproduction is the production of sufficient quantities of good quality seeds. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of the seed inoculation with mesorhizobial bacteria on yield and yield components of birdsfoot trefoil seed (Lotus corniculatus L.). In experiment birdsfoot trefoil cultivars Zora, K-37 and Rocco, and two strains of Mesorhizobium loti were used. A trial was carried out in spring 2012 on a private estate in the village of Ivanovci near Ljig (Serbia) and were set up on brown forest soil type, using a randomized block design with three replications and plot size of 5 m (5x1m). Seed inoculation was performed immediately before sowing. Sowing was carried out at a distance of 20 cm row spacing with the amount of seed of 10 kg ha-. Irrespective of inoculation, cultivars significantly differed in terms of the number of stems m-. Two-factorial experiment showed significant influence of M. loti strains as well as interaction between the strains and the cultivars on seed yield and yield components investigated (with exemption on seed number per pod). Generally, both strains of M. loti have had a positive impact on yield components and seed yield of the birdsfoot trefoil cultivars. Inoculation of seeds has significantly influenced the increase ofthousand seeds weight in the cultivar Rocco, number of stems mand seed yield of cultivars Zora and Rocco.

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Effect of Soil Liming On the Yield of Birdsfoot Trefoil Cultivars in the Third Year of Production

The effect of foliar application of cobalt on the forage yield of red clover in the combined forage-seed production

Sixth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium "Agrosym 2015", Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, October 15-18, 2015. Book of Proceedings, 2015

Effect of additional fertilizing with nitrogen on forage yield in red clover-Italian ryegrass grass-legume mixture

Book of proceedings: Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium "Agrosym 2014", Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, October 23-26, 2014, 2014

Additional fertilizing with nitrogen in red clover forage production on acid soil

In relation with efforts to reduce energy consumption, environmental pollution and intensify syst... more In relation with efforts to reduce energy consumption, environmental pollution and intensify systems of sustainable agriculture, the possibility of increasing areas under forage legumes should be considered. With rational fertilization and exploitation of the forage legumes, it is possibile to obtain high and stable yields of good quality forage. As the soils with low pH have limited process of nitrogen fixation, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of additional fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of forage, hay yield of red clover and the weeds share in the total yield on acid soil. The field experiment was set up in 2011 in Čačak (Serbia), on alluvial soil, with acidic reaction (pH H2O 4.8), using a randomized block design with three replications and the size of experimental plot was 5x1m. With the primary tillage in the fall and at the end of each growing season the land was entered with 300 kg ha-1 of N 15 P 15 K 15. The red clover cultivar K-39 was planted at the interrow spacing of 20 cm and the seeding rate was 18 kg ha-1. In the experiment there were two treatments applied: without fertilization (control) and nitrogen application (KAN-27 % N) in an amount of 40 kg ha-1 in the spring of 2012 and 2013 before the start of vegetation. Additional application of nitrogen significantly increased the forage and hay yield of red clover only in the first cut at the second production year, as the average forage yield was the highest. Ratio of weeds in the first cutting of first and the second year of growing significantly increased with additional nitrogen fertilizing. In the third year, the crop of red clover was sparse and exausted and the yield was very low in the both variants. In such conditions, the additional nitrogen fertilization resulted in a significant decrease in the share of weeds. This is probably due to less intense symbiotic activity in the third compared to the previous two years.

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Effect of nitrogen rate on the productivity of grassland types Agrostietum vulgaris

Permanent grasslands in type of Agrostietum vulgaris represent an important resource of the forag... more Permanent grasslands in type of Agrostietum vulgaris represent an important resource of the forage production in the highland areas of Serbia. The paper analyzes influence of NPK fertilizers use which had different levels of nitrogen (without fertilization-A 0 ; N60;P40;K40-A 1 ; N100;P40,K40-A 2 ; N140:P40:K40-A 3) on the forage yield and botanical composition of natural grassland in type of Agrostietum vulgaris on the slopes of mountain Kopaonik. The experiment was set up in the period 2011-2012. Depending on the nitrogen rate, the use of fertilizers influenced on significant increase of forage and hay yield, with regard to the treatment without fertilization. Fertilization also resulted in changes in the ratio of plant species in forage: along with the increase of nitrogen amount, the share of grasses increased, that of legumes decreased, while the share of the other plants decreased significantly already at the lowest nitrogen rate.

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Effect of boron on seed yield and yield components of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars grown under dense planting conditions

Field experiments with red clover cultivars: 'K-39', 'K-17', 'Una' and 'Viola' were established o... more Field experiments with red clover cultivars: 'K-39', 'K-17', 'Una' and 'Viola' were established on soil having a pH H2O of 4.8, in order to analyze the impact of foliar boron application on seed yield and yield components. Significant differences between cultivars, regardless of foliar boron application, were determined for: number of inflorescences m-2 , number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per inflorescence, thousand seed weight and seed yield. Foliar fertilization with boron during intensive shoot growth had a positive effect on number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per inflorescence and seed yield.

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