Papers by Timothy Wingert
Topic areas Illustrative examples A. Burden of disease and injury Morbidity/mortality B. Course o... more Topic areas Illustrative examples A. Burden of disease and injury Morbidity/mortality B. Course of disease and injury Incidence, prevalence, case-fatality C. Determinants of health, disease, and injury Genetic, behavioral, socioeconomic, environmental, access to health care, quality of health care D. Distribution of disease and injury Person, place, time E. Data sources County/state/national vital statistics, active and passive public health surveillance This is a non-peer reviewed contribution from the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research, which is one of the sponsoring societies of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. No financial disclosures were reported by the author of this paper. educators are encouraged to review their curricula and/or requirements to ensure they include elements of the Framework.
A comparison of TPA/DPA certification and access to care in North Carolina, Missouri, and Illinois
PubMed, Aug 1, 1995
Background: The changing scope of optometric practice has had a large impact on the profession. O... more Background: The changing scope of optometric practice has had a large impact on the profession. Optometry has gone from a drugless profession to a profession that can use diagnostic pharmaceutical agents (DPAs) in every state and therapeutic pharmaceutical agents (TPAs) in 46 states. The intent of this study was to determine the influence that these legal variables exert on the scope of practice for optometrists in different states. Methods: Optometrists in three states with varying statutes regulating the scope of practice were surveyed to determine if there were practice differences related to these state laws. Results: In states with TPA usage, more optometrists accepted Medicare assignment and had hospital and nursing home privileges. Optometrists with TPA certification had, as a group, graduated more recently. Travel times for patients with conditions requiring treatment with therapeutic drugs were shorter in the states with TPA legislation. Conclusions: Access to care is enhanced for citizens of a state with optometric usage of therapeutic pharmaceutical agents.
Brightness Sense Disparity and Visual Thresholds
Optometry and Vision Science, 1994
Clinical evaluation of five portable tonometers
PubMed, Nov 1, 1995
Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained with five commercially available por... more Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained with five commercially available portable tonometers (Keeler Pulsair 2000, Tomey Pro-Ton, Tono-Pen XL, Perkins, and Shiotz) were compared to IOPs measured with a Goldmann tonometer in order to predict whether instrument accuracy justified substitution of a portable instrument for the Goldmann in all or specific circumstances. Methods: A total of 31 patients (59 eyes) were assessed. The order of techniques was random except that in each case Goldmann tonometry was performed first and Shiotz tonometry was performed last. Examiners were masked to all other IOP measurements. Correlation and regression analyses were used to predict Goldmann IOP from the other portable tonometer readings. In addition, the difference in pressure readings was compared to mean pressure readings. Results: Comparisons of means, correlations, regression equations, and box plots of difference scores were performed to determine which techniques were more accurate. The results varied slightly depending on the method used. All IOPs obtained with portable tonometers showed significant correlation and regression equations compared to the Goldmann IOPs. The correlation ranged from (r = 0.75) for the Keeler Pulsair to (r = 0.66) for the Schiotz. Three tonometers (Tono-Pen, Schiotz, and the Pro-Ton) showed a small significant underestimation of the Goldmann IOPs. Conclusions: All portable tonometers were able to accurately predict Goldmann IOPs. While three of the tonometers were found to underestimate Goldmann IOP on average, these results can be corrected by either adding the underestimation or by using the best fitting regression equation.
Dean's View
Optometric Clinical Practice
Letter from the Editor-in-Chief
Dean of University of the Incarnate Word-Rosenberg School of Optometry shares insight
2017 National Optometry Workforce Survey
Optometry and Vision Science, 2021
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT SIGNIFICANCE Planning for the eff... more Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT SIGNIFICANCE Planning for the effective delivery of eye care, on all levels, depends on an accurate and detailed knowledge of the optometric workforce and an understanding of demographic/behavioral trends to meet future needs of the public. PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to assess the current and future supply of doctors of optometry and to examine in-depth trends related to (1) demographic shifts, (2) sex-based differences, (3) differences in practice behaviors in between self-employed and employed optometrists, and (4) the concept of additional capacity within the profession. METHODS The 2017 National Optometry Workforce Survey (31 items) was distributed to 4050 optometrists, randomly sampled from a population of 45,033 currently licensed and practicing optometrists listed in the American Optometric Association's Optometry Master Data File. A stratified sampling method was applied to the population of opt...
Optometry and Vision Science, 2001
The Athenaeum provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that al... more The Athenaeum provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journal does not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of the University of the Incarnate Word and its employees.
Driver contrast sensitivity and reaction times as measured through a salt-covered windshield
Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association, 2006
The objective of this study was to use contrast sensitivity measurements to determine the effect ... more The objective of this study was to use contrast sensitivity measurements to determine the effect of windshield salt film on driver vision. This effect simulates road salt spray that dries in place on a vehicle windshield during winter driving conditions. Ten emmetropic subjects were tested to assess contrast sensitivity functions through windshields that were clear compared with the same stimuli as viewed through windshields coated with salt film. Achromatic stimuli were generated by a VisionWorks system and were presented at 4 spatial frequencies (0.5, 3, 10, and 20 cycles per degree). A significant reduction in contrast sensitivity through the salt film was found at all spatial frequencies. In addition, reaction time to detect the stimuli was also found to be increased significantly at 2 of the 4 spatial frequencies through the saline-covered windshield. The results of this study indicate that windshield salt film reduces the ability to detect high and low contrast objects in a simulated driving environment as well as increases the subjects' reaction times.
State boards of optometry requirements of CPR certification for optometric licensure
Journal of the American Optometric Association, 1990
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification requirements for optometric licensure were obta... more Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification requirements for optometric licensure were obtained from 49 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. It was found that 17 percent of the states required CPR certification for optometric licensure while 11 percent required certification to maintain licensure. For initial Diagnostic Pharmaceutical Agents (DPA) licensing 44 percent of the boards required CPR certification while less than 25 percent required maintaining that certification to sustain DPA licensure. Of those states having Therapeutic Pharmaceutical Agents (TPA) legislation, 36 percent required CPR certification for initial licensure but only 8 percent of them required maintenance of certification for license renewal. Optometry can take the lead in health care by requiring CPR certification for all forms of licensure and license renewal.
Optometric Clinical Practice, 2019
Part of the Health and Physical Education Commons, Optometry Commons, Other Education Commons, Ot... more Part of the Health and Physical Education Commons, Optometry Commons, Other Education Commons, Other Medicine and Health Sciences Commons, and the Other Public Health Commons The Athenaeum provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journal does not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of the University of the Incarnate Word and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to athenaeum@uiwtx.edu.
Transitioning from Episodic to Sustained Care in Humanitarian Service
Optometric Clinical Practice, 2020
Background: Humanitarian missions serve populations needing care and usually provide short term i... more Background: Humanitarian missions serve populations needing care and usually provide short term interventions. Traditionally, care provided through humanitarian agencies like VOSH International has been episodic, consisting of a short-term mission placing a team in country for several days. There have been discussions that episodic care is a short term measure which impedes the systematic development of a long term solution to providing the necessary health care. The move toward sustained care is a step in the direction of improving the public health in developing countries. Method: A survey instrument was mailed to the 26 VOSH chapters in the United States and Canada. Results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Sixteen completed surveys were returned for a response rate of 62%. In a one-year period, missions were carried out in 13 countries. There is a strong tendency toward continuity of care with 81% of respondents returning to locations of previous missions and 69% targeting t...
Poster 80
Optometry - Journal of The American Optometric Association, 2007
American journal of …, 2004
The Clinical Prevention and Population Health Curriculum Framework is the initial product of the ... more The Clinical Prevention and Population Health Curriculum Framework is the initial product of the Healthy People Curriculum Task Force convened by the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine and the Association of Academic Health Centers. The Task Force includes ...
InfantSEE® Becomes a Toddler: Two Years of Results
Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) is the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) health pro... more Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) is the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) health promotion and disease prevention project for the nation, which emphasizes early diagnosis and treatment. HP2010 contains health goals and 467 health objectives, including 10 objectives addressing eye and vision conditions, to be met by the year 2010. The American Optometric Association (AOA) has taken a leadership position in improving the eye and visual health of the nation through its own initiative, Healthy Eyes Healthy People® (HEHP). In 2001, the AOA Board of Trustees approved HEHP, an ambitious public-private initiative to improve the eye and visual health of all Americans. HEHP promotes collaboration among government agencies, health care advocates, and optometrists to develop innovative strategies for community outreach to help promote good health and optimum vision. Through this program, AOA and its partners have awarded over $1,000,000 in HEHP grants to 47 State Optometric Associations and their community partners to fund more than 250 community projects addressing the vision needs in their communities. Plans are in place to transform the program to meet the needs of the population and the objectives of HP 2020. HEHP grants are made possible through generous support from Luxottica and Vision Service Plan.
PLOS ONE, 2016
To compare the effectiveness of an educational board game with interactive didactic instruction f... more To compare the effectiveness of an educational board game with interactive didactic instruction for teaching optometry students elements of the core optometric curriculum. Methods Forty-two optometry students were divided into two GPA-matched groups and assigned to either 12 hours of game play (game group) or 12 hours of interactive didactic instruction (lecture group). The same material from the core optometric curriculum was delivered to both groups. Game play was accomplished via an original board game. Written examinations assessed change in knowledge level. A post-intervention opinion survey assessed student attitudes. Results There was no significant difference in pre-or post-intervention test scores between the lecture and game groups (Pre-test: p = 0.9; Post-test: p = 0.5). Post-intervention test scores increased significantly from baseline (Game group: 29.3% gain, Didactic group: 31.5% gain; p<0.001 for each). The score increase difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.6). The post-intervention attitude survey did not reveal any significant between group differences (p = 0.5). Conclusions Our results indicate that an educational game and interactive didactic instruction can be equally effective in teaching optometry students basic and applied science. Furthermore, both modes of instruction have the potential to be equally engaging and enjoyable experiences.
Assessment of 2009 Healthy Eyes Healthy People® Program
ABSTRACT The American Optometric Association is taking a leadership position in improving the eye... more ABSTRACT The American Optometric Association is taking a leadership position in improving the eye and visual health of the nation through its own initiative, Healthy Eyes Healthy People (HEHP). The HEHP aims to improve community health and enhance optometric practices. The program identifies, educates, and promotes awareness of visual disorders, systemic and ocular diseases, and public health policy that impacts the health of communities. Through this program the American Optometric Association and state optometric associations collaborate to eliminate eye health disparities. The overall health of the general public will increase as a result of increased access to care and early detection and intervention for diseases and disorders of the visual system. Not only does the initiative provide optometrists the tools necessary to succeed, it acts as a supporter for patient rights and educates patients on the role healthy eyes play in a healthy lifestyle. In 2009, funding was provided for diabetes, children&#39;s vision, vision impairment, glaucoma and other projects. However, the HEHP program still needs to focus on objectives related to occupational eye injury, including increased use of personal protective eye wear, and reducing visual impairment due to cataracts. The findings of this study will help assist in future development and expansion of the HEHP in helping communities across America.
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Papers by Timothy Wingert