Trends in ecosystem and health responses to long-range transported atmospheric pollutants : Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution. International cooperative programme on assessment and monitoring effects of air pollution on rivers and lakes
Folia element contents, p. 31-32 ; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Report No. 6946-2015, ... more Folia element contents, p. 31-32 ; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Report No. 6946-2015, revised 21.04.2016
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Fysisk bevaring av kulturminner - kunnskapsbehov mot 2020
NILU – the Norwegian Institute for Air Research and NIKU the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Her... more NILU – the Norwegian Institute for Air Research and NIKU the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research has upon application received funding from the Directorate for Cultural Heritage in Norway to prepare a memorandum that identifies knowledge gaps in Norway related to physical preservation of cultural heritage.
The influence of photochemistry on outdoor to indoor NO <sub>2</sub> in some European museums
Indoor Air, Feb 1, 2022
This paper reports 1 year of monthly average NO2 indoor to outdoor (I/O) concentrations measured ... more This paper reports 1 year of monthly average NO2 indoor to outdoor (I/O) concentrations measured in 10 European museums, and a simple steady-state box model that explains the annual variation. The measurements were performed in the EU FP5 project Master (EVK-CT-2002-00093). The work provides extensive documentation of the annual variation of NO2 I/O concentration ratios, with ratios above unity in the summer, in situations with no indoor emissions of NO2 . The modelling included the most relevant production and removal processes of NO2 and showed that the outdoor photolysis was the probable main explanation of the annual trends in the NO2 I/O concentration ratios.
Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution. UN/ECE International co-operative programme on effects on materials, including historic and cultural monuments. Environmental data report. October 2014 to October 2015
Small glass substrates were coated with a thin granular lead film by thermal vapour deposition in... more Small glass substrates were coated with a thin granular lead film by thermal vapour deposition in order to test the feasibility of using lead-coated glass as sensors for detecting the presence of gaseous acetic acid in air. The leadglass samples were exposed to acetic acid in increasing concentrations, at a controlled temperature of 23 o C and 54% relative humidity for a period of 60 days. The change in the lead films on exposure was systematically investigated by measuring the variation in light transmission at a wavelength of 379 nm. Initial corrosion of the deposited reactive thin lead films leading to lead oxide and lead hydroxycarbonates and/or lead carbonates probably occurred. The analysis showed that the main response was due to corrosion of the lead film and granules with conversion to lead hydroxyl-carbonates and/or carbonates and formation of lead acetate. In addition, about 30% of the response was found to be due to acetic acid adsorption on the leadglass samples. After about 15 days exposure significant saturation and decrease in sensitivity was observed.
An early warning system for organic materials in museums, historic buildings and archives
CULTURAL …, 2007
1 Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Norway 2 Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg Mater... more 1 Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Norway 2 Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg Material Research Center (ALU-FMF), Germany 3 Centre for Sustainable Heritage, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies University College London (UCL), UK Key words: dosimeters, ...
A modelling tool was developed, as a tutorial and for research purposes, to predict the future co... more A modelling tool was developed, as a tutorial and for research purposes, to predict the future condition, lifetime, and time before repeated conservation intervention for cultural heritage objects, depending on their historical condition, present conservation and changes in the environment. Model application was illustrated for a locomotive exposed outdoor at the Warsaw Railway Museum, Poland, and for the Oseberg Viking ship in the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, Norway. The modelling suggested, tentatively, that the lifetime without future conservation of the locomotive surface would be from 6 to 30 years, but that the object could last many hundred (∼800) years. To maintain the locomotive in the present condition conservation intervention would be needed every seven to 14 years. Shielding of the locomotive from precipitation could increase its lifetime, and time between conservation interventions, with 40%. One present conservation intervention could increase the lifetime with...
Although climate change over the next hundred years is likely have a range of direct and indirect... more Although climate change over the next hundred years is likely have a range of direct and indirect effects on the natural environment, almost no studies as yet exist on the impact on cultural heritage. The NOAH'S ARK Project is focused on the effects of climate change on Europe's built cultural heritage and landscapes over the next century. The current outputs allow the advancement of some scenarios, which underline how some processes of building decay will be accelerated or worsened by climate change, while others will be delayed. The linking of global changes to the response of the archaeological and historic built heritage, in terms of materials and structures, remains a challenge. The pioneering EC project NOAH'S ARK will allow the prediction of the impact of climate change on cultural heritage on a European scale, with the aim of proposing adaptation and mitigation strategies to assist conservation management and support policy and decision makers.
MEMORI. Measurement, effect assessment and mitigation of pollutant impact on movable cultural assets. Innovative research for market transfer. Project final report
Ed. by: Elin M. Dahlin. The MEMORI project (Grant agreement 265132) was performed in the period 2... more Ed. by: Elin M. Dahlin. The MEMORI project (Grant agreement 265132) was performed in the period 2010-2013. The project was coordinated by NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research and included 14 partners, four subcontractors and an advisory end-user group with 8 members. MEMORI aimed at providing the conservation market with innovative, non-destructive, and early warning technology for easy assessment of environmental impact on indoor cultural heritage. For this purpose, a dosimeter and a portable reader instrument were produced. In addition, a new web-based result’s and presentation mitigation tool was developed
International co-operative programme on materials, including historic and cultural monuments. Trend exposure programme 2005-2006. Environmental data report October 2005 - December 2006
Additional file 3 of Evaluation of novel cleaning systems on mock-ups of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue ground within the Munch Aula Paintings Project
Additional file 3: Appendix S1. Propagation of uncertainty for colour and gloss measurements.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of novel cleaning systems on mock-ups of unvarnished oil paint and chalk-glue ground within the Munch Aula Paintings Project
Additional file 1: Figure S1. a Low-vacuum SEM–EDX of an oil paint from The Sun suggested a cobal... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. a Low-vacuum SEM–EDX of an oil paint from The Sun suggested a cobalt blue pigment (PB28 cobalt aluminate CoO·Al2O2, 2–27 µm) and barium sulfate (probably synthetic, 0.8–3.5 µm) extender in a drying oil-based medium. Greyscale threshold images suggested area fractions of 14–19% of filler to bulk paint (cobalt blue pigment and oil fraction). b Low-vacuum SEM–EDX of a ground from Alma Mater suggested calcium to be the major element, attributed to chalk (CaCO3) (probably manufactured). BSE images suggested spherical chalk particles c. 0.2–4 µm, with most of the particles between 1 and 2 µm. Figure S2. SEM secondary electron image of a polyurethane cleaning sponge (~ 100×) used for the control treatment. Figure S3. SEM secondary electron images of wheat starch, Arbocel® A and Arbocel® B. ~ 300× magnification. Figure S4. Soft particle blasting set-up: oil free air compressor, nozzle with hand switch, air gun with Y-connector, air blaster, blasting cabinet (no...
Activated carbon adsorbing materials were installed in a number of showcases with heritage object... more Activated carbon adsorbing materials were installed in a number of showcases with heritage objects belonging to English Heritage. The reduction of acetic plus formic acid concentration in air, which could be achieved by the installation of the different adsorbing materials, was investigated. The concentrations of the gases were measured before and after installation of the adsorbers. The reduction in the acetic plus formic acid concentration depended both on the activated carbon adsorbing material which was installed, and on the ventilation rate of the showcases. The installation of carbon cloth, rather than foam, and of foam rather than granulate, and lower ventilation rates gave larger % reduction. The adsorption rate to activated carbon cloth was found to be 1.4 times higher than to activated carbon foam, and 4.4 times higher than to activated carbon granulate. Where activated carbon cloth or foam was installed in showcases with a ventilation rate of two to five air exchanges per day, the reduction in the concentration was from 78 to 96%, to give levels below the recommended target level. Where activated carbon cloth was installed in a showcase with a very high air exchange of 29 per day the reduction was 44 %. Where activated carbon granulate was installed in showcases with air exchanges from four to six per day the reduction was from three to 28%. The expected ventilation dependent concentration of the acids inside the showcases, without and with the adsorbing materials installed, was found with a mass balance box model. From a practical point of view the activated carbon cloth was better to install than the foam, which was better to install than the granulate. Charcoal is easily lost from the adsorbing materials during working and mounting, leaving black particles and dust.
Uploads
Papers by Terje Grøntoft