This study examines migration patterns across Nepal-India border, focusing on labor, vulnerable c... more This study examines migration patterns across Nepal-India border, focusing on labor, vulnerable circumstances, migrants, migration policy, and cross-broader issues using secondary data from historical documents, government reports, statistics, archives, and treaties. Despite being a significant part of the Indian workforce, migrants are underrepresented in national policies and perceptions. Nepalese families face financial constraints to travel to highly compensated countries, putting them at risk of infectious diseases. Seasonal migration is driven by vulnerable factors like poverty and climate change-sensitive livelihoods. Migrants from Far West Nepal, despite low socioeconomic status, often work as unskilled, informal workers. Migrants face low-paying jobs in India's destination cities, and are at risk of infectious diseases like malaria, TB, and HIV. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these issues, with migrant wives experiencing increased social scrutiny and vulnerability. Nepal's Foreign Policy-2020 recommends border security and problem-solving policies, but poor and marginalized communities face human dignity assaults due to unequal power relations, lack of social safety provisions, discriminatory laws, and bureaucratic indifference. The study highlights the need for improved migration policies, human rights and awareness. Policymakers and public consciousness need to take migrants seriously.
Journal of population and development, Dec 31, 2023
This paper is based on 'the status of Human Development Index (HDI)'since 1990 to 2022. Even thou... more This paper is based on 'the status of Human Development Index (HDI)'since 1990 to 2022. Even though the term "human development" is frequently used, its meaning varies depending on the region. The first time Human Development Report (HDR) was introduced in 1990s and new approach and indices for advancing human flourishing in the different time interval. The mainpurpose of this paper is to track the trends in national human development indices and to observe the circumstances surrounding human development. Primary source of secondary data used for meta-analysis of human development reports and related materials.The HDR emphases on a distinct issue that effect on measuring the multi-dimensional human development. HDI is getting popular to measure the development of a country with related to socioeconomic status. It combines three critical indicators namely; education, life expectancy and standard of living. Nepal's HDI position is143 rdranked, among 191 countries in 2021. HDI reports shows in 2022 puts the 0.602value. So, Nepal is Medium human development category. Between 1990 and 2022, Nepal's HDI value changed from 0.399 to 0.602, a change of 50.9 percent. Bagmati province scores the highest HDI value with (0.669) and Kathmandu valley has the highest HDI score with 0.622 values. In comparison with rural areas, urban regions have a higher score, but the gap narrows for the rural areas. So, the Nepalese's Human Development Indicators are increasing trends.
This article tries to highlight the existing gender equality and social inclusion GESI policies a... more This article tries to highlight the existing gender equality and social inclusion GESI policies and practices in health sectors in Nepal. Nepal has participated and ratified the gender policies in all Conventions and Conferences. To fulfill this very obligation, it has introduced some legal provisions and made an attempt to implement them. Due to this region, Nepal has started to address the gender issues in health sectors from Interim Constitution 2007AD addresses health as a fundamental right and that have very citizen shall have the right to basic health services free of cost from the state, as provided in law. Ninth, Tenth and Three-Year Interim Plan have pursued gender equality and women's empowerment through a gender mainstreaming strategy. The governance framework, fundamental rights and directives of the constitution provide the impetus for revising the 2009 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Strategy of the Health Sector and to align the strategy with the new governance arrangements and state obligations. The institutional structure to lead and coordinate the mainstreaming of GESI into the health system was created in 2012. The Health Sector Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Strategy (2010) provides the foundation for mainstreaming GESI, ensuring that policy development and programme planning are viewed through a create a favourable environment for the use of rights based approaches and more equitable access to healthcare. Implementation of the strategy is guided by the GESI Operational Guidelines (2013). Constitution of Nepal 2015 AD has also considered the rights of women as the right to receive special opportunities based on positive discrimination in education, health, employment, and social security. The Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and the Nepal Health Sector Strategy (2015-2020) embrace the importance of gender equality, and leaving no one behind to achieve health goals.
The purpose of this project is to replace the booster pump station located on Taylor Avenue, in M... more The purpose of this project is to replace the booster pump station located on Taylor Avenue, in Moscow, Idaho. The major components of the project include: research into the process involved in selecting replacement, above-ground pumps, soil analysis and foundation design, the design of a new single-story structure to house the new pumps, and the design of new vehicle accesses and parking area. The soil analysis includes a topographic survey of the soil structure and the properties of the soil. The booster pump station design includes a variety of options for pumps, available from multiple manufacturers. The single-story structure is designed to house the pumps and electrical equipment. It is constructed of reinforced masonry walls, concrete slab floor, and pre-engineered truss roof. Some of the critical components for the structural analysis are seismic and wind per ASCE 7-10, dead loads and live loads, and foundation design. The transportation design consists of cross sections, horizontal and vertical alignments, and drainage plans for the proposed pump station location. The required makeup of the asphalt layer will be determined according to Idaho Transportation Department code
International Journal of Applied Research and Sustainable Sciences (IJARSS), 2025
article explores the differences between positivism and post-positivism research approaches in co... more article explores the differences between positivism and post-positivism research approaches in contemporary research examining its assumptions with content and meta-analysis method. Positivism is a scientific philosophical movement, emerged in the early middle ages, based on the positive philosophy from 16th-century Francis Bacon period to August Comte. Its emphasizes shared reality and universal principles, using quantitative methods and empirical observation, top-down approach and deductive method to find universal laws. Post-positivism, on the other hand, recognizes subjectivity and context, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, inductive, bottom-up approach to comprehend complex realities. Positivist research does not always rely on quantitative methods, and post-positivism is more interpretive. Larger samples are favorable to make smaller, in positivism approach. Post-positivist consider research to be "soft," and for more in-depth studies, small samples are typically used. The article also discusses the increasing trends of research triangulation, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to gain richer insights. The article also explores the strengths and limitations of positivism and post-positivism.
Rape and sexual violence is a deep-rooted issue in Nepal, as it is around the world. The number o... more Rape and sexual violence is a deep-rooted issue in Nepal, as it is around the world. The number of reported rape cases continues to rise despite strict laws in Nepal. The topic is framed as part of women issue of gender based violence. This article tries to highlight the trend and situation of sexual assault (rape) analyzing the existing rape cases. The study is based on descriptive as well as analytical in nature. Sources of information in this study are secondary data like published and unpublished research papers, journal articles and survey reports with desk review method. Although most countries have laws prohibiting sexual assault and violence. While the number of rape cases and sexual violence has increased in several nations in recent years, there are still countries where no rape incidents have been documented. The Nepal Police in 2021 reported that up to seven women and girls are raped every day in the country, most of them by neighbors, relatives and acquaintances. Therefore, the state should not fail to protect the rights of the victims." The incidents of murder and murder after rape have increased drastically in the recent times. According to statistics, 17 women were murdered after rape in the past four years. One point that has come under intense scrutiny is that law in Nepal specifies women and girls as the victim in case of rape. Despite the Constitution and law guarantees, instances of rape are increasing in Nepal. In the other, sexual violence by intimate partner is largely unreported due to social stigma as well as the belief that forced sexual relation by a husband without the consent of the wife doesn't constitute violence. Many cases of rape and sexual violence go unreported to police because of social stigma, lack of trust in the justice system and lack of protection of victims.
Journal of population and development, Oct 10, 2022
Rape and sexual violence is a deep-rooted issue in Nepal, as it is around the world. The number o... more Rape and sexual violence is a deep-rooted issue in Nepal, as it is around the world. The number of reported rape cases continues to rise despite strict laws in Nepal. The topic is framed as part of women issue of gender based violence. This article tries to highlight the trend and situation of sexual assault (rape) analyzing the existing rape cases. The study is based on descriptive as well as analytical in nature. Sources of information in this study are secondary data like published and unpublished research papers, journal articles and survey reports with desk review method. Although most countries have laws prohibiting sexual assault and violence. While the number of rape cases and sexual violence has increased in several nations in recent years, there are still countries where no rape incidents have been documented. The Nepal Police in 2021 reported that up to seven women and girls are raped every day in the country, most of them by neighbors, relatives and acquaintances. Therefore, the state should not fail to protect the rights of the victims." The incidents of murder and murder after rape have increased drastically in the recent times. According to statistics, 17 women were murdered after rape in the past four years. One point that has come under intense scrutiny is that law in Nepal specifies women and girls as the victim in case of rape. Despite the Constitution and law guarantees, instances of rape are increasing in Nepal. In the other, sexual violence by intimate partner is largely unreported due to social stigma as well as the belief that forced sexual relation by a husband without the consent of the wife doesn't constitute violence. Many cases of rape and sexual violence go unreported to police because of social stigma, lack of trust in the justice system and lack of protection of victims.
This article tries to highlight the condition of human development in the contest of Nepal. The t... more This article tries to highlight the condition of human development in the contest of Nepal. The topic is framed as part of the general issue of gender, caste/ethnicity, regional rural and urban disparities. This study is based on descriptive as well as analytical in nature. Sources of information in this study are secondary nature like published and unpublished research papers, human development annual reports and national and international journal articles. Data are presented in to tabular form and they are analyzed in to descriptive form. The first Human Development Report was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen. Since then reports have been released most years, and have explored different themes through the human development approach, which places people at the center of the development process. Since 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has published a series of annual Human Development Reports (HDRs) i...
This paper tries to highlight the women’s working status in previous time to some changing status... more This paper tries to highlight the women’s working status in previous time to some changing status these days in Sinhupalchowk District. In the previous time women have to do all manual work, women reserve the grain, tend to the livestock, grow the vegetable in the kitchen garden, transplant the saplings at the start of the cropping season and than again reap, thresh and clean the harvest. Such activities are not restricted to the village economy alone; women are also equally involved in other development work of their community these days. The family work could be defined as the total volume of physical and mental labour performed for the maintenance of a family. It incorporate all the endeavors applied for the person him/herself and for others. Indeed, the family work in total should be termed as the collective responsibility of all the members of family. However the burden of family work is usually greater for the women and for those people living in the marginalized economy of th...
This paper tries to highlight the existing gender mainstreaming policies and practices at nationa... more This paper tries to highlight the existing gender mainstreaming policies and practices at national and international level, to establish a clear vision and make commitments to guide the process of gender mainstreaming and women empowerment to achieve the gender equality, justice and fundamental human rights. The advancement of the rule of law at the national and international levels is thus, essential for the protection of fundamental human rights and freedom. Nepal has an obligation to take an effective action against all such malpractices. Nepal has participated and ratified the gender policies in all Conventions and conferences. To fulfill this very obligation, it has introduced some legal provisions and made an attempt to implement them. Due to this region, Nepal has started to address the gender issues from sixth five year plan to till now. Planned efforts to improve the situation of women began during the Sixth Plan (1981- 1985) but its approach was welfare-driven. The Interim...
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