Papers by Subhadra Devi Velichety
Journal of The Anatomical Society of India, Sep 1, 2016
designed with the view to examine the gender-specific effects of chronic maternal stress on hippo... more designed with the view to examine the gender-specific effects of chronic maternal stress on hippocampal neuronal cell density in post weaned male and female wistar rats on weaning and after learning experiences. Material and methods: Pregnant wistar rats were subjected to restraint stress from embryonic day 11 till delivery. Male and female rat pups were sacrificed. Brains from different groups were processed for cresyl violet staining on postnatal day 22nd and 40th day. Results: It was seen that prenatal stress caused significant reduction in the numerical cell density in CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus and dentate hilar regions of hippocampus in stressed males when compared to the control and did not show any effect on stressed females. Conclusion: These data reinforce the view that prenatal stress affects cognitive development in a sex-specific manner and the diminished effect seen in females could be due to the oestrogenmediated neuroprotection on hippocampal function.
Journal of The Anatomical Society of India, Sep 1, 2015
j o u r n a l o f t h e a n a t o m i c a l s o c i e t y o f i n d i a 6 4 S (2 0 1 5) S1-S36 pe... more j o u r n a l o f t h e a n a t o m i c a l s o c i e t y o f i n d i a 6 4 S (2 0 1 5) S1-S36 performing any intervention around hip joint. A higher division of the nerve can result in escape of any one division from any injury and can lead to failure of the poplitial block anaesthesia.
Sexual Dimorphism on Renal Development According to Gestational Age in Human Aborted Fetuses
In order to find and prevent the unknown pathologies of kidneys in infants, there is a necessity ... more In order to find and prevent the unknown pathologies of kidneys in infants, there is a necessity to examine the fetal growth of kidneys in utero. As a part of this a study was conducted, 50 dead fetuses were collected among which 30 are male and 20 are female. The weight, length, breath of their kidneys is calculated with related to their each gestational age. It was found that male fetal kidneys increased in size and weighed more than female. The morphological parameters of fetal kidneys are tabulated or better understanding. Bilateral Renal agenesis and poly cystic kidney disease are the most common renal anomalies in new born infants. It is difficult to treat these conditions and lot of infants ended up with death. We concluded that, decrease or increase in fetal kidney dimensions in utero, may have various fatal pathologies in infants after birth.
Scripta medica, 2023
Background/Aim: Anatomical variations of the gastric vessels during laparoscopic surgeries of the... more Background/Aim: Anatomical variations of the gastric vessels during laparoscopic surgeries of the stomach and related viscera frequently impair the surgeon's judgment, extend the duration of surgery and sometimes can lead to accidental surgical injuries, rendering it not possible to assure the safety and effectiveness of the surgical treatment. This research paper aimed to examine the variations of the left gastric artery (LGA), which could have implications for surgical and interventional procedures of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and related organs. Methods: Fifty specimens, of which 22 were dissected from cadavers and 28 were acquired from post-mortems among the Indian population, regardless of age or sex were examined for variant LGA. In addition, the variation of the celiac trunk was observed in 10 patients using 3D-CT images, which were created by reconstructing multiple-slice computed tomography (CT) using 3-dimensional CT simulation software (3D-CT). Results: The classical pattern origin of LGA from the celiac trunk was observed in 96 % specimens. In 2 % gastrophrenic trunk emerged from the abdominal aorta (AA) slightly proximal to the celiac trunk, then it branched into LGA and left and right inferior phrenic arteries. In remaining 2 %, LGA was the branch of the splenic artery. In 10 individuals radiological examination was conducted and found no abnormal pattern of celiac trunk. Conclusion: Observing and reporting the variation in the gastric vessels by different methods has certain clinical value in upper gastrointestinal surgeries and interventions. The duration can be prolonged and the intraoperative blood loss is increased with the vascular variations. Overall, this research paper provides important information on the prevalence of anatomical variations of the LGA, which could help improve the safety and efficacy of upper gastrointestinal procedures.
International Journal of Current Research and Review, 2014
Background: With increased incidence of kidney transplantation and related surgical procedures an... more Background: With increased incidence of kidney transplantation and related surgical procedures anatomical knowledge of renal artery variations is gaining importance. Normally a single renal artery supplies each kidney. Accessory renal vessels are the commonly seen renovascular variations. Materials and Methods: During routine dissection for 1st year undergraduate medical students in the Department of Anatomy S.V.Medical College, Tirupati, renal artery variations were observed in 24 formalin fixed cadavers (16 male & 8 female).The renal artery variations were identified and photographs were taken. Results: In the present study renal artery variations were observed in 03 cadavers (12.5%). Bilateral accessory renal vessels were observed in two cadavers (8.4%) and bilateral single renal artery with pre-hilar branching and double ureter is seen in one cadaver (4.1%). Conclusion: knowledge on renal artery variations are necessary during renal transplantations, urological procedures and for angiographic interventions.
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2013
Variations in the branching pattern of aortic arch are caused by alterations in embryological mec... more Variations in the branching pattern of aortic arch are caused by alterations in embryological mechanisms and are implicated in certain clinical manifestations. Anomalous origin of supra aortic arch vessels are common and their detection is important for vascular surgeries of thorax and head and neck. Stenosis of Vertebral Artery (VA) is an important etiological factor for stroke involving posterior cerebrum. Advanced imaging studies like angiograms reveal conditions like VA occlusion prior to surgery. During the course of routine cadaveric dissection for student demonstration a 62 year old male cadaver presented unusual origin of Left Vertebral Artery (LVA). Anomalous of origin and distribution of LVA and its branches can lead to impaired cerebral hemodynamics and cerebral dysfunctions.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research
Background: As Anatomical education advances very rapidly, and at the same time, there is huge de... more Background: As Anatomical education advances very rapidly, and at the same time, there is huge demand and scarcity of true biological models, mainly brain tissue. In this scenario, in 1977, Guther Von Hagens worked on plastics and experimented voraciously on diffusing various plastics into large specimens and ultimately succeeded and coined the term “Plastination”. This technique is very popular in Western countries as the latter greatly minimizes the health hazards due to formalin exposure while dealing with biological tissue. In continuation with the advancement of expensive plastination to cost-effective resin casting, especially studies over the complex structures like the brain and spinal cord. In This study, we emphasize the cost-effective Resin cast-in-situ method to demonstrate the vasculature of the brain and spinal cord. Materials and Methods: After obtaining the prior permission, we collected the Five (5) Goat heads from the slaughterhouse. Following the standard dissecti...
Clinical implications and embryological explanation for unilateral variation in formation of sciatic nerve in relation to piriformis muscle – A case report
The FASEB Journal, Apr 1, 2016
During routine cadaver demonstration the cadaver has been observed with a variation in the course... more During routine cadaver demonstration the cadaver has been observed with a variation in the course of the sciatic nerve in relation with the piriformis. It is necessary for the orthopedic surgeon to...
Anatomy journal of Africa, 2016
Study of morphology and morphometry of suprarenal gland facilitates diagnostic and treatment meth... more Study of morphology and morphometry of suprarenal gland facilitates diagnostic and treatment methods for various associated clinical conditions. In the present study 120 suprarenal glands obtained from 60 cadavers were observed for their morphological and morphometric parameters along with weight of the kidneys. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance test and Duncan’s multiple range test. Age-wise significance in weight of suprarenals and sex-wise significance in weight of kidneys, thickness of left suprarenal and thickness of left cortex and side-wise significance in length, width and thickness of suprarenal, thickness of cortex and weight of kidney were observed in the present study. The results of the present study form a data base for suprarenal morphometry in the south Indian population of a wide age range of 2 years to 64 years of life. Keywords: Morphology, morphometry, postnatal, suprarenal gland (SG)
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2021
Introduction: Development of adrenal gland is always peculiar as it involves the complex process.... more Introduction: Development of adrenal gland is always peculiar as it involves the complex process. It has an intriguing role in the harmonious development of fetus. Ultrasonographic Studies on fetal supra renal glands help in understanding the embryology of Suprarenal glands and are also useful in obstetrics, perinatology and fetopathology. Risk factors associated in the pregnancy like maternal diabetes and hypertension could impair the growth of adrenal glands. The nomograms of adrenal glands observed by ultrasonography are of clinical importance and help us in planning prevention and management of a fetus in high-risk pregnancies. This requires a feasible and repeatable screening test. Objective: To estimate various suprarenal gland measurements such as length, width, thickness, volume, surface area, circumference, thickness of cortex and medulla Materials and methods: Present study conducted with62 live normal human fetuses of different gestational ages ranging from 20 – 40 weeks,...
Address for Correspondence: Mrs. S. Havila Hasinia. Tutor, Department of Anatomy, NRI Institute o... more Address for Correspondence: Mrs. S. Havila Hasinia. Tutor, Department of Anatomy, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-Mail: havila2009msc@gmail.com Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: *1, 4, 5 Tutor, Department of Anatomy, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2 Professor and HOD, 3 Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Introduction: Thymus is one of the central lymphoid organs. It plays an important role in the differentiation, selection and maturation of T-lymphocytes. In the recent years morphology and morphometry of the thymus gland in the newborn is gaining significance as it demonstrates great variability between individual infants and in the same infant at different times. Materials and methods: In the present study 45 thymus specimens from aborted human fetuses of 16 to 40 weeks gesta...
Address for Correspondence: Maruti ram Annamraju, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, S.V.Medical Col... more Address for Correspondence: Maruti ram Annamraju, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, S.V.Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-Mail: marutiramannamraju@gmail.com Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: *1 Assistant Professor of Anatomy, S.V.Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2 Professor of Anatomy, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Objective: To analyse the anatomical and radiological observations in a fetus with bilateral cystic swelling of neck. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 aborted fetuses were studied for academic purpose ranging from age 12 weeks to 36 weeks. A male aborted fetus of 24 weeks with huge swelling in cervicothoracic region was investigated by radiological and ultrasonographic examination. A detailed foetal autopsy was conducted for associated anomalies. Observation: A huge cystic swelling was observed in the posterior region of neck and upper thorax with mandibulo facia...
Morphometric study of S exual dimorphism in adult sacra of S
Sex determination is the first step in the development of a biological profile in human osteology... more Sex determination is the first step in the development of a biological profile in human osteology as methods to estimate other components of the profile depend on sex. In the present study certain morphometric parameters of sacrum viz Maximum length of sacrum, Maximum breadth (width) of sacrum, Mid-ventral curved length, Transverse diameter of the first sacral body, Antero-posterior diameter of the body of first sacral body, Length of ala, Maximum length of auricular surface were measured and indices viz Sacral index, Curvature index, Corporo-basal index, Alar index, Index of body of S1, Auricular index were calculated and statistically analyzed. Among the measurements recorded the parameters of Maximum breadth (width) of sacrum, Mid-ventral curved length, Antero-posterior diameter of the body of first sacral body, Length of ala, sacral index, alar index, were found to be statistically significant. Among these parameters the width of sacrum, curved length of sacrum were reliable for sex differentiation. It was also noted that no single parameter could identify 100% sex of the bones. Therefore, it can be concluded that for determination of sex of sacrum, maximum number of parameters should be taken into consideration for 100% accuracy.
Anatomy & Cell Biology, 2020
The umbilical cord (UC) is a platform for fetal nourishment and growth. The fetus, mother and pla... more The umbilical cord (UC) is a platform for fetal nourishment and growth. The fetus, mother and placenta with UC form a triad, which contributes to pregnancy outcome. When pregnancy is complicated by a medical condition like hypertension, affects both maternal and fetal health. Being a fetal structure it can be used as a window to know the maternal dysfunctions and their impacts on fetal wellbeing. The present study is to explore the histomorphometric changes of the UC and its vessels involved in the development of hypertension during pregnancy. Sixty UCs were used and the following parameters, total UC area; total vessel area; jelly area; wall area, luminal area and wall thickness of umbilical arteries 1 and 2 and vein were studied using ImageJ software. From the results, the mean differences of above parameters of hypertensive UCs were found to be lesser than control and it was significantly higher in cases of severe preeclampsia (P≤0.05). From the present study, we conclude hypertensive cords and its vessels are associated with significant structural changes. Since it is a global health issue it is important to know the factors contributing it to diagnose and prevent.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Background: The human foetal suprarenal gland is structurally variant from its adult counterpart.... more Background: The human foetal suprarenal gland is structurally variant from its adult counterpart. The most distinctive features of human foetal suprarenal gland and histologically unique foetal zone, was described first by Elliott and Armour in 1911. After the first trimester, the centrally located foetal zone accounts for most of the foetal adrenal mass. The outer zone of the foetal suprarenal gland is called the “definitive zone or neo cortex”; this zone likely gives rise to the adult adrenal glomerulosa. A third zone called “transitional zone”, lies just between the neocortex and foetal zone and is believed to develop into the zona fasciculata. Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed to study the histogenesis of suprarenal glands at different gestational age groups. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight formalin preserved dead embryos and foetuses of both sexes, were obtained from the Govt. Maternity Hospital & S.V.Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Speci...
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017
Introduction: Lumbar canal stenosis is one among the causative factors producing low back-pain. S... more Introduction: Lumbar canal stenosis is one among the causative factors producing low back-pain. Stenosis caused by reduced sagittal diameter of spinal canal is the prime factor but the importance of reduction in size of lumbar spinal canal due to reduced interpedicular distance is of similar value. Aim and objective: Therefore the present study was designed and conducted in SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan with the objectives to evaluate the normal ranges of inter-pedicular distances in Rajasthani population and also to determine the differences of diameter between both sexes. Material and method: Total number of approximately 1000 patients suffering from low back-pain reported in various OPD at S.M.S. Hospital were taken as subject within age group of 20-60 years and natives of Rajasthan state. The AP radiographs were taken and IPD was measured by digital Vernier calipers. Result: There is a cranio-caudal increase in IPD of L1-L5 vertebrae and values for IPD are higher in males than females at all vertebral level.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015
The segment of epicardial coronary artery that traverses intramurally through the myocardium and ... more The segment of epicardial coronary artery that traverses intramurally through the myocardium and bridged by a bunch of cardiac muscle fibers is called tunneled artery or intramural artery. The band of cardiac muscle fibers passing over the tunneled artery segment is named as myocardial bridge. During angiography milking effect is observed during systole due to the external pressure of muscle fibers on the tunneled artery that leads to narrowing of vessel lumen and further ischemia. Materials & Methods: It is a prospective study performed from 2012-2015 in cardiac centers available around Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, South India. A total number of 2015 adult patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were evaluated to detect myocardial bridges. With the informed consent the relevant data was collected from the patients and analyzed. Results: The prevalence of myocardial bridges was 3.17%. Among the 2015 patients 70.7% are males and 29.2% are females. Among 64 myocardial bridge positive cases 62.5% were male and 37.5% were female patients. Regarding coronary dominance 84% were right dominant and 14.4% were left dominant and 1.6% are balanced. The percentage incidence of myocardial bridging according to dominance was 3.01% for right dominant patients, 4.12% for left dominant patients and 3.1% for balanced dominant patients. In all the myocardial bridge positive cases they were located on the left anterior descending artery (LAD). According to diagnosis the patients with normal coronaries were 22.6%, patients with MILD CAD were 17.9%, patients with single vessel disease were 23.4%, patients with two vessel disease were 14.7% and the patients with triple vessel disease were 21.3%. The 64 myocardial bridging cases were grouped in to three groups according to their age. Incidence of double bridges was observed in 3 cases of which 66.7% males & 33.3% in females. Conclusion: These results shows that Andhra Pradesh population are with high angiographic incidence of myocardial bridges (MB's), when compared with other population in India. We observed more lengthy bridges which may cause luminal reduction of coronary vessel and myocardial ischemia (MI), we also observed higher incidence of MB's in male patients but systolic luminal reduction is more in female patients then in males. These observations suggest that the risk of MI will be more for the female patients with MB's.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research
Introduction: Sex chromatin is a chromatin mass of 1 micron size usually seen at the periphery of... more Introduction: Sex chromatin is a chromatin mass of 1 micron size usually seen at the periphery of nucleus in females. In the literature majority reported its absence in males while few reported its low incidence in males. The term ‘sex chromatin’ comprises two superficially dissimilar structures the “Barr body” present in epithelial and other tissue cells and the “Drumstick” of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted to observe the morphology, morphometry and percentage incidence of Drumsticks in the blood neutrophils of 110 individuals ranging from 17-30 age group and both sexes using a calibrated ocular/eye piece micrometer. Results: The percentage incidence of drumsticks including non-specific appendages as well as the total number of true drumsticks in females exceeds that in males. Four different types of nonspecific appendages-sessile nodules, racket structures, minor lobes and small clubs were found in the blood neutrophils alo...
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015
Introduction: Myocardial bridging is the term used when a segment of major epicardial coronary ar... more Introduction: Myocardial bridging is the term used when a segment of major epicardial coronary artery runs intramuscularly under the tunnel formed by fibers of myocardium that bridges instead of it's normal or routine epicardial path. In the literature there are varying reports on clinical implications of myocardial bridges from protection against atherosclerosis to myocardial ischemia, as well as leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015
Introduction: Anatomy of tricuspid valve complex is highly sophisticated and is altered by variou... more Introduction: Anatomy of tricuspid valve complex is highly sophisticated and is altered by various disease states. Anatomic and morphological studies on the tricuspid valve are comparatively less in adults and there were no studies on foetal tricuspid valve. Hence the present study was under taken. Materials and methods: Parameters of the tricuspid valve of heart were defined and measured individually by using paquimeter. The morphometric parameters of basal width and depth of three cusps, attachment lengths of leaflets, frontal and sagittal dimensions of atrioventricular orifice and atrial circumference of valve attachment were recorded. Results: All the parameters of tricuspid valve increased with gestational age and were statistically significant in males. The widths of all the three cusps were greater in male. The frontal and sagittal dimensions and tricuspid valve circumference were higher in female foetuses when compared to male foetuses. Tricuspid valve area is expressed as triangle only. Gestational age is negatively correlating with depth of posterior cusp while other parameters correlated positively as a whole as and in less than 30 weeks age group. In more than 30 weeks age group age has negative correlation with depth of anterior and posterior cusps; tricuspid valve circumference is negatively correlating with frontal and sagittal dimensions; frontal and sagittal dimensions positively correlated with age and tricuspid circumference. Conclusion:Understanding tricuspid valve morphology and morphometry has great clinical importance in the practice of cardiac surgery, especially in partial transfer of leaflets of tricuspid valve for mitral valve repairs and in severe cardiac malformations. The present study forms a database for right atrioventricular orifice dimensions in human fetuses of different gestational ages.
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Papers by Subhadra Devi Velichety