Mariano Sastre

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Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence

BLLAST is a research programme aimed at exploring the late afternoon transition of the atmospheri... more BLLAST is a research programme aimed at exploring the late afternoon transition of the atmospheric boundary layer. The late afternoon period of the diurnal cycle of the boundary layer is poorly understood. This is yet an important transition period that impacts the transport and dillution of water vapour and trace species. The main questions adressed by the project are: - How the turbulence activity fades when heating by the surface decreases? - What is the impact on the transport of chemical species? - How relevant processes can be represented in numerical models? To answer all these questions, a field campaign was carried out during the summer of 2011 (from June 14 to July 8). Many observation systems were then deployed and operated by research teams coming from France and abroad. They were spanning a large spectrum of space and time scales in order to achieve a comprehensive description of the boundary layer processes. The observation strategy consisted in intensifying the operat...

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WRFモデルを用いたMadrid-Barrajas空港近傍の山岳波解析【JST・京大機械翻訳】

Can we Estimate the Fog-top Height from Atmospheric Turbulent Measurements at Surface?

32nd Conf. on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/22nd Symp. Boundary Layers and Turbulence/ Third Conf. on Atmospheric Biogeosciences (20 – 24 June, 2016), Jun 20, 2016

Can we Estimate the Fog-top Height from Atmospheric Turbulent Measurements at Surface?

On the Precursor Environments to Mountain Lee Wave Clouds in Central Iberia under CMIP6 Projections

Atmosphere, Jan 19, 2024

Mountain lee waves present significant hazards to aviation, often inducing turbulence and aircraf... more Mountain lee waves present significant hazards to aviation, often inducing turbulence and aircraft icing. The current study focuses on understanding the potential impact of global climate change on the precursor environments to mountain lee wave cloud episodes over central Iberia. We examine the suitability of several Global Climate Models (GCMs) from CMIP6 in predicting these environments using the ERA5 reanalysis as a benchmark for performance. The dataset is divided into two periods: historical data (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) and projections for the SSP5-8.5 future climate scenario (2015-2100). The variations and trends in precursor environments between historical data and future climate scenarios are exposed, with a particular focus on the expansion of the Azores High towards the Iberian Peninsula, resulting in increased zonal winds throughout the Iberian Peninsula in the future. However, the increase in zonal wind is insufficient to modify the wind pattern, so future mountain lee wave cloud events will not vary significantly. The relative humidity trends reveal no significant changes. Moreover, the risk of icing precursor environments connected with mountain lee wave clouds is expected to decrease in the future, due to rising temperatures. Our results highlight that the EC-EARTH3 GCM reveals the closest alignment with ERA5 data, and statistically significant differences between the historical and future climate scenario periods are presented, making EC-EARTH3 a robust candidate for conducting future studies on the precursor environments to mountain lee wave cloud events.

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Interactions among drainage flows, gravity waves and turbulence: a BLLAST case study

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Aug 14, 2015

The interactions among several stable-boundarylayer (SBL) processes occurring just after the even... more The interactions among several stable-boundarylayer (SBL) processes occurring just after the evening transition of 2 July 2011 have been analysed using data from instruments deployed over the area of Lannemezan (France) during the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign. The near-calm situation of the afternoon was followed by the formation of local shallow drainage flows (SDFs) of less than 10 m depth at different locations. The SDF stage ended with the arrival of a stronger wind over a deeper layer more associated with the mountain-plain circulation, which caused mixing and destruction of the SDFs. Several gravity-wave-related oscillations were also observed on different time series. Wavelet analyses and wave parameters were calculated from high resolution and accurate surface pressure data of an array of microbarometers. These waves propagated relatively long distances within the SBL. The effects of these phenomena on turbulent parameters (friction velocity and kinematic heat flux) have been studied through multi-resolution flux decomposition methods performed on high frequency data from sonic anemometers deployed at different heights and locations. With this method, we were able to detect the different time-scales involved in each turbulent parameter and separate them from wave contributions, which becomes very important when choosing averaging-windows for surface flux computations using eddy covariance methods. The extensive instrumentation allowed us to highlight in detail the peculiarities of the surface turbulent parameters in the SBL, where several of the noted processes were interacting and producing important variations in turbulence with height and between sites along the sloping terrain.

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Supplementary material to &quot;Supercell Convective Environments in Spain based on ERA5: Hail and Non-Hail Differences&quot

Figure S1. Grid domain used to compute the vertical profiles for soundings and convective environ... more Figure S1. Grid domain used to compute the vertical profiles for soundings and convective environments. Figure S2. 700-400 hPa Q-vector divergence values (contours, Pa-1 s-3) and convergence of Q-vectors (arrows) composites for (a) SP-NONHAIL at t0, (b) SP-HAIL at t0, (c) SP-NONHAIL at tc and (d) SP-HAIL at tc. Black points denote statistically significant differences (p-value < 0.05) in Q-vector divergence values.

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WRF sensitivity to boundary-layer and land-surface schemes during the evening transition: validation with BLLAST case study

21st Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Jun 9, 2014

Observational Study of the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Afternoon and Evening Transition: A Seasonal Characterization

32nd Conf. on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/22nd Symp. Boundary Layers and Turbulence/ Third Conf. on Atmospheric Biogeosciences (20 – 24 June, 2016), Jun 20, 2016

Supplementary material to "Supercell Convective Environments in Spain based on ERA5: Hail and Non-Hail Differences

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Corrigendum to“On the characterization of mountain waves and the development of a warning method for aviation safety using WRF forecast” [Atmospheric Research 258(2021) 105620]

Atmospheric Research, 2021

Corrigendum to "Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part I: Diagnostic and analysis from observations" [Sci. Total Environ. 635C (2018) 1561-1574]

The Science of the total environment, Oct 25, 2018

Corrigendum to "Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a hig... more

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WRF simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over homogeneous terrain: representation of nocturnal processes

... WRF simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over homogeneous terrain: representation of... more

Characterization of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic plume over the Iberian Peninsula by lidar remote sensing and ground-level data collection

Atmospheric Environment, Mar 1, 2012

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Horizontal Kinetic Energy Analysis of Tropical Transition Simulations with the WRF and HARMONIE‐AROME Models

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Jul 13, 2023

Four tropical transition (TT) events in the North Atlantic basin are simulated with the Weather R... more Four tropical transition (TT) events in the North Atlantic basin are simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the HARMONIE‐AROME (HAR) models to study the main features of the horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectra of these kinds of high‐energetic atmospheric system. Though most of the times similar results are obtained with both models, HAR shows a more intense filtering and numerical dissipation, whereas WRF tends to represent overenergized spectra in the synoptic scale and especially at smaller wavelengths. Predictability is dissimilar for the four TTs studied due to the different spectral curve slope obtained for each case, ranging from unlimited to very poor predictability at synoptic scale. Additionally, an increased HKE is presented in the middle–upper troposphere spectra. A deep analysis of the different terms involved in the equation of the spectral energy budget is presented through a detailed study of one of these TTs. The role of all of them is studied, connecting the energy spectra and the meteorological processes involved. The energy budget terms related to the nonlinear spectral transfer, the three‐dimensional divergence, and diabatic process tendencies are identified as the key ones, whereas the potential and kinetic conversion terms and the vertical flux HKE and pressure divergence terms play a secondary role on modulating the spectrum behaviour. The major energetic contributions are found at the synoptic scale, but results show that a two‐dimensional energy cascade does not fully capture the whole spectrum of a TT. The role of convection, latent heat release, and moist convection outbursts is sketched and a link within different vertical levels is found. Results show that a high‐energetic system, such as a TT, can effectively alter the atmospheric energy behaviour.

Supercell synoptic configurations and pre-convective environments in Spain

This research focuses on the analysis of several severe convective storms, specially supercells, ... more This research focuses on the analysis of several severe convective storms, specially supercells, in Spain. The study provides insights into the atmospheric variables that contribute to the development of these storms, which have the potential to result on substantial property damage and loss. The aim of the study is centred on similitudes and differences on the synoptic configurations and pre-convective environments of the selected supercells. The analysis uses a dataset of 262 supercell events for a period from 2011 to 2020. The events are categorized into two categories: supercells with hail (diameter greater than 5 cm) and those without hail, and differences in convective variables and parameters are assessed. The ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis is selected to analyse the synoptic configurations and atmospheric profiles associated with supercell events at their genesis. Temperature, convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, wind shear, storm-relative helicity, as well as other convective variables and parameters are analysed for each event. The results suggest that supercells are more frequent along the Spanish Mediterranean coast during the summer season. In the selected supercell events, the synoptic pattern composites indicate the location of a deep trough axis over the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, several variables show statistically significant differences between hail and non-hail events. Supercells with hail show higher median values of the most-unstable convective available potential energy than those systems without hail. The results can contribute to the improvement of forecasting and warning systems for these events, allowing authorities to take the required precautions to reduce property damage and loss.

Observational analysis of the wind speed and turbulence relationship with NO2 concentration

How do the local meteorology and turbulence influence the nitrogen dioxide concentration in Madrid?

Seasonal analysis of the planetary boundary-layer afternoon and evening transition through observational measurements

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2016

CIBA2008, una campaña experimental de la capa límite atmosférica: resultados nocturnos preliminares

que se encuentra sobre un extenso páramo de la meseta norte (41º49' N, 4º56' W) de característica... more que se encuentra sobre un extenso páramo de la meseta norte (41º49' N, 4º56' W) de características de terreno homogéneo. Se ha dispuesto de instrumentación sobre una nueva torre meteorológica de 10 m, que incluye en varios niveles sensores de temperatura y humedad, anemómetros de cazoletas y veletas, así como un anemómetro sónico. Se disponía de dos microbarómetros con tecnología de cuarzo en los niveles de 50 y 100m sobre la torre principal (100 m) del CIBA. Además, tres microbarómetros adicionales se situaron en una disposición triangular de unos 200 m de lado en la superficie. Por otra parte, se utilizó un globo cautivo para la determinación de perfiles verticales de temperatura, viento y humedad hasta 1000 m de altura. Finalmente, un monitor de partículas GRIMM (MODELO 365), que permite la medida simultánea y continua de PM10, PM2.5 y PM1 cada 6 segundos, se instaló a 1.5m del suelo. Este trabajo mostrará algunos resultados preliminares de la campaña CIBA2008, analizando los principales procesos físicos presentes en la Capa Límite Nocturna (NBL), los diferentes periodos de estabilidad observados y los correspondientes parámetros turbulentos, así como CIBA2008: an experimental campaign on the ABL C. Yagüe et al.

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