Rujira Tisarum

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Papers by Rujira Tisarum

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulate physiological and morphological adaptations in para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) under water deficit stress

Biologia

Evaluation of water deficit tolerance in maize genotypes using biochemical, physio-morphological changes and yield traits as multivariate cluster analysis

Notulae botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Feb 21, 2022

Drought is an abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and development and, therefore, declines ... more Drought is an abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and development and, therefore, declines crop productivity, as seen in maize plant. The aim of this investigation was to identify the candidate maize varieties that can be grown under water limited conditions using physio-morphological and yield attributes. Eight genotypes of maize including 'Suwan4452' (drought tolerant) as a positive check, 'CP301', 'CP-DK888', 'DK7979', 'DK9901', 'Pac339', 'S7328', and 'Suwan5' were selected as test plants. Physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics at seedling (24 day after sowing; DAS) and reproductive (80 DAS) developmental stages of plants under 20-day water withholding (WD), and yield traits at harvesting period were analysed. Leaf temperature in each genotype increased with the degree of water deficit stress, leading to leaf chlorosis, and reduction in maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), overall growth and yield. Pn and stomatal conductance (gs) in drought tolerant genotype, 'Suwan4452', were decreased by 19.1% and 18.6%, respectively, whereas these in drought sensitive, 'Pac339', were significantly declined by 53.9% and 61.8%, respectively. Physio-morphological parameters, growth performance and yield-related traits of maize genotypes grown under water deficit conditions and wellwatered conditions were subjected to Ward's cluster method for identification of water deficit tolerant cultivars. Maintaining photosynthetic abilities, osmotic adjustment and CWSI in drought tolerant genotypes of maize were evidently demonstrated to keep overall growth performance and yield attributes. Based on multivariate cluster analysis and PCA (principal component analysis), 'Suwan4452', 'CP-DK888' and 'S7328' were categorized as drought tolerant genotypes whereas 'Suwan5', 'Pac339', 'DK7979', 'CP301' and 'DK9901' were identified as drought susceptible cultivars. Hybrid maize cvs. 'CP-DK888' and 'S7328' may further be suggested to be grown in the rainfed area without irrigation.

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Characterization of macrophytes for Na+ removal in synthetic Na-salt solution batch under greenhouse conditions

Sodium salt contamination in the fresh water due to industrial effluents, underground rock salts ... more Sodium salt contamination in the fresh water due to industrial effluents, underground rock salts and inland aquaculture is a major concern needs to be remediated, and subsequently recycled as sustainable bioeconomic strategy. Treatment of saline wastewater requires efficient, cost-effective, rapid, and green technologies, so as to mitigate the negative impacts of salinity on agricultural land. Green technology of phytodesalination is proposed to reduce salinity in the wastewater using salt tolerant plant species. present study was designed with an aim to investigate the sodium (Na+) removal capacity of salt tolerant and high biomass producing macrophytes on synthetic saline wastewater. Sesuvium portulacastrum (sea purslane), Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed), Typha angustifolia (narrow leaf cattail) and Heliconia psittacorum (heliconia) were collected, cultivated i...

Matching of Nitrogen Enhancement and Photosynthetic Efficiency by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Relation to Organic Fertilizer Type

Plants, 2022

In the present study, Funneliformis mosseae (FM), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE), and Acaulospor... more In the present study, Funneliformis mosseae (FM), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE), and Acaulospora foveata (AF) were inoculated to hybrid maize (Zea mays L. cv. CP888®). Upregulation of nitrogen levels were dependent on the type of mycorrhiza (AMF). Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and water content in FM- and AF-inoculated plants were elevated, resulting in promotion of leaf area and shoot biomass. N content in the shoot and root tissues of the FM-inoculated plants increased by 21% and 30% over the control. A positive correlation between biochemical, physiological, and morphological parameters using Pearson’s coefficient was demonstrated. A decline in lipid peroxidation was noticed in the FM-inoculated plants. In addition, we investigated the potential of N fertilizer application in combination with FM inoculation in maize plants. The FM-inoculated plants with organic O_LT, a chicken manure fertilizer, increased N content in the host shoots by 73% over the control, leading to impr...

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Morpho-physiological Responses of Tropical Rice to Potassium and Silicon Fertilization Under Water-Deficit Stress

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2021

True-to-type micropropagated plants of para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) via somatic embryogenesis

Plant micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis is a powerful technique for rapid mass propagati... more Plant micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis is a powerful technique for rapid mass propagation, especially in para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg.). However, somaclonal variations are the major limitation of this process. To date, DNA fingerprinting, i.e., RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), Star Codon Targeted (SCoT), and SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats), is one of the most successful technologies to detect the genetic fidelity in the somatic embryos. The aim of present study was to induce somatic embryos from inner integument explants of para rubber cv. ‘RRIM 600’ at different developmental stages and subsequent acclimatization and transplantation (under greenhouse and field conditions) of the propagated seedlings. The genetic stability of the plants derived from somatic embryos was also analysed in comparison to the mother plant using RAPD, SCoT and SSRs markers. Somatic embryos derived from inner integuments of 5-week-old immature seeds after pollination were mor...

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Above-ground vegetation indices and yield attributes of rice crop using unmanned aerial vehicle combined with ground truth measurements

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2020

Rice is an important economic and staple crop in several developing countries. Indica rice cultiv... more Rice is an important economic and staple crop in several developing countries. Indica rice cultivars, ‘KDML105’ and ‘RD6’ are clear favourites, popular throughout world for their cooking quality, aroma, flavour, long grain, and soft texture, thus consequently dominate major plantation area in Northeastern region of Thailand. The objective of present study was to validate UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)-derived information of rice crop traits with ground truthing non-destructive measurements in these rice varieties throughout whole life span under field environment. Plant height of cv. ‘KDML105’ was more than cv. ‘RD6’ for each respective stage. Whereas, number of tillers per clump in ‘KDML105’ exhibited stability at each developmental stage, which was in contrast to ‘RD6’ (increased continuously). Moreover, 1,000 grain weight, total grain weight and aboveground biomass were higher in ‘KDML105’ than in ‘RD6’ by 1.20, 1.82 and 3.82 folds. Four vegetative indices, ExG, EVI2, NDVI and NDR...

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Foliar Silicon Application Regulates 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Enrichment and Improves Physio-morphological Responses and Yield Attributes in Thai Jasmine Rice

Silicon, 2021

Silicon (Si) deficiency is one of the most important issues, especially in rice crop. Foliar Si a... more Silicon (Si) deficiency is one of the most important issues, especially in rice crop. Foliar Si application in rice production is an alternative way to quickly improve not only grain yield but also aroma quality (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline; 2-AP), especially in Thai jasmine rice. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of exogenous application Si as foliar spray in regulating 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content in KDML105 and RD6 rice grain and in improving yield traits. Overall, growth characters were retained in KDML105, whereas shoot height (14.9 % over the control) and leaf length (23.4 % over the control) of RD6 treated with 2 % Si were significantly reduced. Leaf greenness (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of KDML105 were greater than those in RD6, in relation to EVI (enhanced vegetation index), GNDVI (green normalized difference vegetation index), NDVI and OSAVI (optimized soil adjusted vegetation index) detection by UAV sensors. Vegetation indices, GNDVI, OSAVI and EVI exhibited close relation with SPAD (R2 = 0.896), shoot height (R2 = 0.4406) and aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.7791), respectively. Si concentration in flag leaf tissues of KDML105 peaked (1.14 mg g−1 DW) when treated with 2 % Si, whereas it exhibited 1.6 folds increase in rice husk (0.75 mg g−1 DW; R2 = 0.5266) over the control. The content of 2-AP in KDML105 was higher compared with RD6 and was enhanced by 2 % Si treatment (1.39 folds over the control). Yield traits in KDML105 including panicle weight, grain fertility percentage, number of panicles per m2, total grain weight and harvest index (HI) were significantly increased by 2 % Si foliar application over the control. Based on the results, Si foliar application is effective in improving grain yield and in regulating 2-AP aromatic content, which further needs to be tested for temporal variations across locations.

Morpho-physiological responses of indica rice (Oryza sativa sub. indica) to aluminum toxicity at seedling stage

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a major problem in rice crop production, especially in ... more Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a major problem in rice crop production, especially in the acid sulfate soil (pH < 4.0). Selecting Al-tolerant varieties of rice with low toxicity is one of the most appropriate strategies to overcome this problem. In the present study, we investigated the Al content in different rice genotypes, IR64 (high yielding), RD35 (local acidic-tolerant), and Azucena (AZU, positive-check Al-tolerant), and their physiological and morphological adaptations under a wide range Al (10, 25, 50 mM [Al2(SO4)3]) treatments in the greenhouse conditions. Under 50-mM Al treatment, Al levels in the root tissues of rice seedlings cvs. AZU and IR64 were increased by 2.74- and 2.10-fold over control. Interestingly, Al contents in the roots of cv. RD35 were also exhibited by 2.04-fold over control. Similarly, Al contents in the leaves trend to increase in relation to a degree of Al treatments, leading to increase leaf temperature, chlorophyll degradation, limited CO2 assimilation, and negative effect on root traits under 50 mM Al were evidently observed. Therefore, leaf temperature was considered a sensitive parameter regulated by high concentration of Al (50 mM), leading to increase in crop water stress index (CWSI > 0.6) and decrease in stomata conductance. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (E) in rice seedlings of cv. RD35 subjected to 50 mM Al were significantly dropped by 74.76% and 47.71% over the control, respectively, resulting in reduced growth performances in terms of root length (26.57% reduction) and shoot fresh weight (46.15% reduction). An enrichment of Al in the root tissues without toxicity in rice cv. AZU may further help in discovering the Al homeostasis. In summary, Al enrichment in rice genotypes grown under Al-treatments was evidently observed in the root, leading to the limited root growth, root length, and root dry weight, especially in cv. RD35. Al restriction in the root tissues of cv. AZU (Al-tolerant) may play a key role as defense mechanisms to avoid translocation to other organs and the stomata closure was an alternative key factor to limit H2O transpiration.

Regulation of curcuminoids, photosynthetic abilities, total soluble sugar, and rhizome yield traits in two cultivars of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using exogenous foliar paclobutrazol

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 2021

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants, commonly applied for growth regulatio... more Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants, commonly applied for growth regulation, yield improvement, and biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. However, the effects of PBZ on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; Zingiberaceae), a rhizomatous herb, have not been well established. The objective of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the effect of PBZ on two different varieties of turmeric plants, ‘Surat Thani’ (‘URT’; high curcuminoids >5% w/w) and ‘Pichit’ (‘PJT’; low curcuminoids <3% w/w). Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control, whereas it was unchanged in cv. ‘URT’. Interestingly, leaf greenness (SPAD value), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in cv. ‘PJT’ declined by 38.58% (340 µM PBZ) over control,...

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In vitro acclimatization of Curcuma longa under controlled iso-osmotic conditions

Plant Biotechnology, 2021

In vitro acclimatization has been validated as the successful key to harden the plantlets before ... more In vitro acclimatization has been validated as the successful key to harden the plantlets before transplanting to ex vitro conditions. In the present study, we investigated the potential of different sugar types (glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose) in regulating morphological, physiological and biochemical strategies, survival percentage and growth performance, and rhizome traits of turmeric under iso-osmotic potential. Leaf greenness (SPAD value) in acclimatized plantlets (4% glucose; −1.355 MPa osmotic potential) of 'ST018' was retained and greater than in 'PB009' by 1.69-fold, leading to maintain high F v /F m (maximum quantum yield of PSII), Φ PSII (photon yield of PSII) and P n (net photosynthetic rate) levels, and retained shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight after one month upon transplanting to ex vitro conditions. In addition, P n , C i (intracellular CO 2), g s (stomatal conductance) and E (transpiration rate) in acclimatized plantlets (6% sucrose; −1.355 MPa osmotic potential) of 'PB009' were stabilized as physiological adapted strategies, regulating the shoot and root growth and fresh and dry weights of mini-rhizome. Interestingly, the accumulation of total curcuminoids in mini-rhizome derived from 6% sucrose acclimatized plantlets of 'ST018' was greater than in 'PB009' by 3.76-fold. The study concludes that in vitro acclimation of turmeric 'PB009' and 'ST018' using 6% sucrose and 4% glucose, respectively, promoted percent survival, physiological adaptations, and overall growth performances under greenhouse conditions.

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Characterization of macrophytes for Na+ removal in synthetic Na-salt solution batch under greenhouse conditions

International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021

Abstract Sodium salt contamination in the fresh water due to industrial effluents, underground ro... more Abstract Sodium salt contamination in the fresh water due to industrial effluents, underground rock salts and inland aquaculture is a major concern needs to be remediated, and subsequently recycled as sustainable bioeconomic strategy. Treatment of saline wastewater requires efficient, cost-effective, rapid, and green technologies, so as to mitigate the negative impacts of salinity on agricultural land. Green technology of phytodesalination is proposed to reduce salinity in the wastewater using salt tolerant plant species. present study was designed with an aim to investigate the sodium (Na+) removal capacity of salt tolerant and high biomass producing macrophytes on synthetic saline wastewater. Sesuvium portulacastrum (sea purslane), Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed), Typha angustifolia (narrow leaf cattail) and Heliconia psittacorum (heliconia) were collected, cultivated in the greenhouse, subsequently treated with 0 (control) and 217 mM NaCl (salt stress) for 4 weeks. Overall growth performance, physiological change and Na+ removal rate in root and leaf tissues of the candidate plant species were measured. Plants were able to maintain their growth and physiological abilities except for shoot height in T. angustifolia (reduced by 13.7%) and chlorophyll content in S. portulacastrum (reduced by 64%). Major accumulation of Na+ was recorded in the shoots of S. portulacastrum and P. indica (halophytic plant species) and the roots of T. angustifolia and H. psittacorum (glycophytic plant species). Since T. angustifolia and H. psittacorum have high plant biomass, they showed higher Na+ removal efficiency at 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively; whereas due to lower plant biomass, S. portulacastrum and P. indica resulted in the removal of only 0.6 and 0.8% Na+ from the batch, respectively. Based on the information from this investigation, the selected candidate plant species can further be studied in the constructed wetland together with the controlled environments including optimized flowrate, vertical or horizontal flow system, plant densities and Na-removal rate in relation to swamp habitat. Novelty statement: T. angustifolia and H. psittacorum have high plant biomass, they showed higher Na+ removal efficiency at 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively; whereas due to lower plant biomass, S. portulacastrum and P. indica resulted in removal of only 0.6 and 0.8% Na+ from the batch. Based on the information from this investigation, the selected candidate plant species can further be studied in the constructed wetland together with the controlled environments including optimized flowrate, vertical or horizontal flow system, plant densities and Na-removal rate in relation to swamp habitat.

Calcium and soluble sugar enrichments and physiological adaptation to mild NaCl salt stress in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2020

Physiological adaptations, biochemical changes and growth performances of two sweet potatoes, Jap... more Physiological adaptations, biochemical changes and growth performances of two sweet potatoes, Japanese Yellow (JPY) and Blackie (BLK), under NaCl salt stress were evaluated. Fallen leaves in JPY under 50 mM NaCl for 21 d were evidently observed, resulting in reduced leaf area (~60% reduction to that of control). Na + content in the root of sweet potato BLK under salt stress was higher (54.18 mg g-1 DW) compared to the stem and leaf, whereas in case of JPY, all the plant organs were enriched by Na + , leading to reduced net photosynthetic rate (P n) (71% reduction to that of control). Ca 2+ and soluble sugar enrichments appeared to be the first line of defence mechanism in sweet potato to alleviate the Na + toxicity, especially in BLK. A negative relation between Na + accumulation and chlorophyll b content and a positive relation between chlorophyll b and P n were demonstrated. Reduction in P n in JPY under salt stress consequently reduced the leaf area, shoot height and fresh weight. It appeared that the Na + enrichment, Ca 2+ signalling and soluble sugars accumulation in the root tissues of cv. BLK played a key role in salt tolerance keeping Na + in the vacuoles and maintaining growth of plants exposed to salt stress.

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Transcriptional expression of Na+ homeostasis-related genes and physiological responses of rice seedlings under salt stress

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2020

Being a salt-sensitive crop, the growth, development and productivity of rice is severely affecte... more Being a salt-sensitive crop, the growth, development and productivity of rice is severely affected by saline soil. In the present study, Na + homeostasis, physiological and morphological responses in both the root and leaf tissues of rice ( Oryza sativa ) seedlings of backcross introgression lines of KDML105 (KD; −/−) × FL530 (+/+) with or without SKC1 and qSt1b QTLs grown under 200 mM NaCl were investigated. Expression levels of OsHKT1;5 in FL530 (+/+) were very low, causing to low Na + in both the root and leaf tissues, whereas it was up-regulated in KD (−/−), relating to Na + enrichment. Expression levels of OsHKT2;1 in rice lines, 221-44 (+/+) and 221-48 (+/+) were down-regulated, thus limiting Na + xylem upload, and store Na + in the root tissues. OsSOS1 expression level in the leaves of 221-44 (+/+) and 221-58 (+/−) was up-regulated in relation to Na + efflux. Na + secretion into vacuoles via OsNHX1 in the leaf tissues was evidently demonstrated in 221-48 (+/+) as a major defense mechanism adopted by the plants to maintain photosynthetic abilities and growth performances, when plants were subjected to salt stress. In addition, the high F v /F m ratio in the leaves of 221-58 (+/−) was associated with increased expression level of OsNHX3 , in comparison to KD (−/−) seedlings grown under salt stress (diminution by 22.8% over control). Moreover, reduction on growth characters and physiological parameters, viz., shoot fresh weight, shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, P n , and accumulation of Na + in the roots under salt stress were applied as effective indices; thereby classifying FL530 (+/+) and 221-48 (+/+) as salt-tolerant, and 221-44 (+/+), 221-58 (+/−), KD (−/−), 221-3 (+/−), and 221-54 (−/−) as salt-susceptible.

Exogenous Foliar Application of Glycine Betaine to Alleviate Water Deficit Tolerance in Two Indica Rice Genotypes under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy, 2019

The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-b... more The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-biochemical adaptive strategies by exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GlyBet) in two rice varieties against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content) grown in clay pots containing garden soil until booting stage were chosen as the test plant material, sprayed by 0 (control) or 100 mM GlyBet and subsequently subjected to: MWD (mild water deficit by 8 d water withholding; 24.80% SWC; Soil water content) or SWD (severe water deficit by 14 d water withholding; 13.63% SWC) or WW (well-watered conditions or control). Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit and suppressed by exogenous GlyBet, while free proline in cv. SPR1 was lower than cv. RD43. Overall growth performances and yield traits in both cultivars under MWD were maintained by exogen...

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Alleviation of Salt Stress in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. Leum Pua) Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbionts not only promote the growth of host plant but also a... more Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbionts not only promote the growth of host plant but also alleviate abiotic stresses. This study aimed to investigate the putative role of AMF in salt stress regulation of upland pigmented rice cv. Leum Pua (LP) comparing with Pokkali salt tolerant (positive check). In general, LP is a variety of glutinous rice that contains anthocyanin pigment in the black pericarp, due to which it possesses high antioxidant activities compared to non-pigmented rice. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of inoculated AMF, Glomus etunicatum (GE), Glomus geosporum (GG), and Glomus mosseae (GM) strains, in the LP plantlets subjected to 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl (salt stress) for 2 weeks in comparison with Pokkali (a salt tolerant rice cultivar), which was maintained as a positive check. Root colonization percentage under NaCl conditions ranged from 23 to 30%. Na + content in the flag leaf tissues was increased to 18-35 mg g -1 DW after exposure to 150 mM NaCl for 14 days in both inoculated and un-inoculated LP plants, whereas Na:K ratio was very low in cv. Pokkali. Interestingly, sucrose content in the flag leaf tissues of un-inoculated LP plants under salt stress was increased significantly by 50 folds over the control as an indicator of salt stress response, whereas it was unchanged in all AMF treatments. Fructose and free proline in GE inoculated plants under salt stress were accumulated over control by 5.75 and 13.59 folds, respectively, for osmotic adjustment of the cell, thereby maintaining the structure and functions of chlorophyll pigments, F v /F m , PSII , and stomatal function. Shoot height, flag leaf length, number of panicles, panicle length, panicle weight, and 100-grain weight in GE inoculated plants of cv. LP under salt stress were maintained similar to cv. Pokkali. Interestingly, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) in the pericarp of cv. LP were regulated by GE inoculation under salt stress conditions. In summary, AMF-inoculation in rice crop is a successful alternative approach to reduce salt toxicity, maintain the yield attributes, and regulate anthocyanins enrichment in the pericarp of grains.

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Regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) using MgSO4 spraying and low temperature

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2018

Regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) using MgSO 4 spray... more

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Expression levels of the Na+/K+ transporter OsHKT2;1 and vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger OsNHX1, Na enrichment, maintaining the photosynthetic abilities and growth performances of indica rice seedlings under salt stress

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2020

Salt affected soil inhibits plant growth, development and productivity, especially in case of ric... more Salt affected soil inhibits plant growth, development and productivity, especially in case of rice crop. Ion homeostasis is a candidate defense mechanism in the salt tolerant plants or halophyte species, where the salt toxic ions are stored in the vacuoles. The aim of this investigation was to determine the OsNHX1 (a vacuolar Na ? /H ? exchanger) and OsHKT2;1 (Na ? /K ? transporter) regulation by salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in two rice cultivars, i.e. Pokkali (salt tolerant) and IR29 (salt susceptible), the accumulation of Na ? in the root and leaf tissues using CoroNa Green Ò staining dye and the associated physiological changes in test plants. Na ? content was largely increased in the root tissues of rice seedlings cv. Pokkali (15 min after salt stress) due to the higher expression of OsHKT2;1 gene (by 2.5 folds) in the root tissues. The expression of OsNHX1 gene in the leaf tissues was evidently increased in salt stressed seedlings of Pokkali, whereas it was unchanged in salt stressed seedlings of IR29. Na ? in the root tissues of both Pokkali and IR29 was enriched, when subjected to 200 mM NaCl for 12 h and easily detected in the leaf tissues of salt stressed plants exposed for 24 h, especially in cv. Pokkali. Moreover, the overexpression of OsNHX1 gene regulated the translocation of Na ? from root to leaf tissues, and compartmentation of Na ? into vacuoles, thereby maintaining the photosynthetic abilities in cv. Pokkali. Overall growth performance, maximum quantum yield (F v /F m ), photon yield of PSII (U PSII ) and net photosynthetic rate (P n ) was improved in salt stressed leaves of Pokkali than those in salt stressed IR29.

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Expression levels of vacuolar ion homeostasis-related genes, Na+ enrichment, and their physiological responses to salt stress in sugarcane genotypes

Protoplasma, 2019

Sugarcane is a sugar-producing crop widely grown in tropical regions in over 120 countries of the... more Sugarcane is a sugar-producing crop widely grown in tropical regions in over 120 countries of the world. Salt-affected soil is one of the most significant abiotic constraints that inhibit growth and crop productivity, and, consequently, reduce sucrose concentration in the stalk. The present study investigated vacuolar ion homeostasis, Na + accumulation, and physiological and morphological adaptations under salt stress in two different sugarcane genotypes (salt-tolerant K88-92 and salt-sensitive K92-80) under greenhouse conditions. Na + was rapidly absorbed by the root tissues of both sugarcane genotypes within 3-7 days of 150 mM NaCl treatment, as confirmed by the results of CoroNa Green fluorescence staining. In addition, the rate of Na + translocation from roots to shoots was evidently reduced, leading to lower amount of Na + in the leaf tissues. At the cellular level, expression of ShNHX1 (vacuolar Na + /H + antiporter), ShV-PPase (vacuolar H +-pyrophosphatase), and ShV-ATPase (vacuolar H +-ATPase) was upregulated in salt-stressed plants for the compartmentation of Na + into the vacuoles of root cells. Interestingly, sucrose, glucose, and fructose in root tissues of salt-stressed sugarcane cv. K88-92 were increased by 10.61, 5.58, and 1.81 folds, respectively, over the control. Total soluble sugars in the roots and free proline in the leaves of sugarcane cv. K88-92 (salt-tolerant) were enriched by 3.08 and 1.99 folds, respectively, when plants were exposed to 150 mM NaCl, leading to maintain better photosynthetic abilities, net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (WUE) in sugarcane cv. K88-92 than those in cv. K92-80. The study concludes that Na + compartmentation in the root tissue acts as a major defense mechanism in sugarcane, especially in salt-tolerant genotype.

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In vitro photoautotrophic acclimatization, direct transplantation and ex vitro adaptation of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2017

We investigated the effect of carbon dioxide (CO 2)-ambient (350 µmol CO 2 mol −1) and CO 2-enric... more We investigated the effect of carbon dioxide (CO 2)-ambient (350 µmol CO 2 mol −1) and CO 2-enriched (1500 µmol CO 2 mol −1) conditions of in vitro photoautotrophic system on two cultivars, 'RRIM600' and 'RRIT413' of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in an acclimatization process of 45 days. Survival percentage of in vitro rubber tree plantlets derived from somatic embryos under ambient CO 2 was better than those under CO 2-enriched conditions, especially in cv. 'RRIT413'. Subsequently, the survival rate of ex vitro transplanted plantlets was similar to the in vitro plantlets and abnormal morphological characters such as light-green leaves (SPAD), small leaves in cv. 'RRIT413' acclimatized under CO 2-enriched conditions were demonstrated 30 days after the plantlets were transferred into the soil. Maximum quantum yield of PSII, photon yield of PSII, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in cv. 'RRIT413' acclimatized under CO 2-enriched conditions were sharply declined by 39.0, 50.6, 47.1 and 45.8%, respectively as compared to those acclimatized under ambient CO 2 conditions. In contrast, the in vitro acclimatized plantlets of cv. 'RRIM600' were un-responsive under both ambient-and enriched-CO 2 conditions. In conclusion, genotypic dependent in response to CO 2 enriched conditions in in-vitro acclimatization of rubber tree plantlets was evidently demonstrated as a key result to regulate plant growth and development in ex vitro environments. Interestingly, soluble sugar contents (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were increased after transplanting the plantlets of cv. 'RRIM600' acclimatized under CO 2-enriched condition into the soil and thus, can be considered as an adaptive indicator of ex vitro adaptation. Keywords Chlorophyll fluorescence • CO 2 enrichment • Net photosynthetic rate • SPAD • Survival percentage Communicated by Sergio J. Ochatt.

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