Ralph Pike

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Papers by Ralph Pike

Greenhouse Gas Management for Multi-Plant Complexes

AIChE Environmental Division Newsletter

Environmental progress & sustainable energy, Feb 25, 2011

On methods for determining the composition of pyrolysis products from ablative composites

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Oct 1, 1970

Charring ablative composites pyrolysis products composition determination, comparing chemical ana... more

A prototype system for economic, environmental and sustainable optimization of a chemical complex

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Mar 1, 2002

A prototype of a chemical complex analysis system has been developed and used to demonstrate opti... more A prototype of a chemical complex analysis system has been developed and used to demonstrate optimization of a chemical complex. The system incorporates economic, environmental and sustainable costs, and solves a MINLP for the best configuration of plants. It was applied to expanding production of sulfuric and phosphoric acid capacities and to evaluating heat recovery options at a major chemical company, and the results were compared to the company's case study. The system selected the best site for required new phosphoric and sulfuric acids production capacities and selected, sited, and sized the optional heat-recovery and power-generation facilities. System capability was demonstrated by duplicating and expanding the industrial case study.

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Ablation and radiation coupled viscous hypersonic shock layers

AIAA Journal, Aug 1, 1973

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Coupled radiating shock layers with finite rate chemistry effects. Part 2: Analysis of the interaction of ablating protection systems and stagnation region heating

NASA STI/Recon Technical Report N, Jun 1, 1975

ABSTRACT The conservation equations that describe the mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the ... more ABSTRACT The conservation equations that describe the mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the shock layer around an ablating blunt body were developed and placed into numerical solution form. Effects of line and continuum radiation along with finite rate chemistry were considered. Sixteen chemical reactions with 19 chemical species were included in the analysis, and 12 of these species were employed in a radiative flux divergence calculation. The shock layer was coupled to a phenolic-nylon charring ablator through a surface energy balance. Results show that the numerical solution of the quasilinearized conservation equations yields stable and accurate solutions to the nonequilibbrium, radiating shock layer surrounding a blunt reentry body.

Recent advances in kinetics and catalysis

American Institute of Chemical Engineers eBooks, 1968

Thermodynamic properties in polynomial form for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen systems from 300 to 15000 K

Thermodynamic p r o p e r t i e s of carbon, hydrogen, n i t r o g e n and oxygen compounds as w ... more Thermodynamic p r o p e r t i e s of carbon, hydrogen, n i t r o g e n and oxygen compounds as w e l l as s e l e c t e d i n e r t s (Neon, Argon and Helium) are f i t t e d t o g e n e r a l polynomial forms over t h e following temperature ranges: t o 1000oK, lOQ0 t o 6000°K, and 6000 t o 150000K. A r e f e r e n c e s t a t e of 298.16"K and 1.0 atmosphere w a s chosen w i t h H 2, N2, 02, Ne, A r , He, C ( s o l i d ) and e' 300 as r e f e r e n c e elements. Seven c o e f f i c i e n t s are t a b u l a t e d f o r each of t h e 99 species considered and f o r each temperature range of i n t e r e s t . ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would l i k e t o give acknowledgment t o Dean Mayers and James Callender for t h e i r helpful a s s i s t a n c e i n c o l l e c t i n g and analyzing the data. Special thanks i s a l s o given t o Mrs. Sue Mayers f o r the typing of t h i s report.

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Source reduction from chemical plants using on-line optimization

Waste Management, 1995

An effective approach for source reduction in chemical plants has been demonstrated using on-line... more An effective approach for source reduction in chemical plants has been demonstrated using on-line optimization with flowsheeting (ASPEN PLUS) for process optimization and parameter estimation and the Tjao-Biegler algorithm implemented in a mathematical programming language (GAMS/MINOS) for data reconciliation and gross error detection. Results for a Monsanto sulfuric acid plant with a Bailey distributed control system showed a 25% reduction in the sulfur dioxide emissions and a 17°/0 improvement in the profit over the current operating conditions. Details of the methods used are described.

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On minimum power requirements for emulsification of two-phase, liquid systems

Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Dec 1, 1971

Power requirements were measured for several, two-phase, liquid systems with viscosities ranging ... more Power requirements were measured for several, two-phase, liquid systems with viscosities ranging from 0.391 to 215 centipoise in a baffled, cylindrical vessel conforming to a standard tank configuration. A correlation was developed for the minimum power needed in order to maintain a uniform emulsion. For the systems studied it was found that the product of minimum impeller speed and the weighted average density was only a function of the respective continuous phase properties. Measurements, made over a range of impeller speeds from the minimum required to maintain an emulsion up to the point where gas entrainment occurred, were accurately described by single phase power curve. For more than 250 points with Manuscript

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Comparison of Methods for Determining the Composition of Pyrolysis Products from the Degradation of Ablative Composites. Status report

Chemicals from Biomass

Springer eBooks, 2012

Biomass as Feedstock

Springer eBooks, 2012

Hazard identification and risk assessment

Waste Management, 1996

The aim of a robust hazard identification process is to ensure that the titleholder knows about e... more The aim of a robust hazard identification process is to ensure that the titleholder knows about existing well integrity hazards and the associated risks which could lead to a loss of integrity of the well. • Once well integrity hazards have been identified and the risk has been assessed, the titleholder will be able to take action to properly manage the risks. • It is important to choose a hazard identification technique(s) and risk assessment methodology which provides an adequate depth of analysis. • Hazard identification provides a basis for identifying, evaluating, defining and justifying the selection (and rejection) of control measures for reducing risk. • Hazard identification should provide sufficient knowledge, awareness and understanding of the well integrity hazards that could lead to a well blowout to be able to prevent and mitigate undesirable outcomes. • Identified well integrity hazards should not be ignored or discounted simply because control measures are, or will be, in place. • The full range of well integrity hazards and event types should be considered and the outputs of the hazard identification and risk assessment processes documented. • The well hazard identification process should consider all operating modes and activities that are expected to occur. • The well integrity risk assessment process should recognise that combinations of failures can occur, even though these may appear highly unlikely. • The well integrity hazard identification and risk assessment processes should be ongoing and dynamic. • The well integrity hazard identification and risk assessment processes should be utilised during the Management of Change (MoC) process to identify additional hazards or increased risk.

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Hazardous substances on spillage

Waste Management, 1996

Design of multi-phase and catalytic chemical reactors: a simulation tool for pollution prevention

Clean Products and Processes, Jul 10, 2001

Calculating solubility & Henry's Law constants for gases in water

Chemical Engineering, 1999

This article presents a quick calculation method for many common industrial chemicals. Several ga... more This article presents a quick calculation method for many common industrial chemicals. Several gases are covered, including diatomic gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen; hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, ethylene and propylene; noble gases, such as argon, helium and neon, as well as other types.

Density of liquid—Organic compounds

Elsevier eBooks, 2009

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the density of liquid for organic compounds in tabular fo... more Publisher Summary This chapter presents the density of liquid for organic compounds in tabular form. For the tabulation, an equation is selected for correlation of liquid density as a function of temperature. The tabulation is arranged by carbon number such as C, C2, and C3 to provide ease of use in quickly locating the data by using the chemical formula. The compound name and chemical abstracts registry number (CAS No) are also provided in columns. Values for regression coefficients are given in the adjacent columns. The temperature range for use is also given in columns (TMIN and TMAX). The equation should not be used for temperatures outside this range. The next column provides the code for the tabulation. The last two columns provide a representative temperature and value for liquid density at the representative temperature. The compilations of CRC, Daubert and Danner, TRC, and Yaws are used extensively for liquid density. Estimates of liquid density are primarily based on Schroeder correlation, Le Bas method, and Tyn-Calus equation. A comparison of calculated and data values is also presented for a representative compound. The graph shows favorable agreement of equation and data.

$Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of the void fraction in two-phase flow by x-ray attenuation$

Measurement of the void fraction in two-phase flow by x-ray attenuation

Aiche Journal, Sep 1, 1965

The use of an x-ray tube that emits a spectrum of energy was shown to be on effective source of m... more The use of an x-ray tube that emits a spectrum of energy was shown to be on effective source of monoenergetic radiation for the measurement of the void froction in two-phose, steam-water flow with the proper selection of the tube wall thickness, x-ray tube operating conditions, collimation, and traverse time. Assuming monoenergetic radiation, equations were derived for the local and average void fraction and the statistical error associated with the measurement, and were confirmed to be applicable by using the mock-up technique. This consisted of simulating the two-phase, steam-water flow patterns of the experiment01 system with mock-ups of Lucite and air. Experimental data are presented to show that confidence could be placed in the measurements to within the probable statistical error, as all deviations of the measured values of the void froction from the actual values were less thon the probable error. Local and average void fractions for steam-water, two-phase flow are given. Application to other systems can be inferred from these results.

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Optimal implementation of on-line optimization

Computers & Chemical Engineering, Mar 1, 1998

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