Prince Adoba

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Papers by Prince Adoba

Renal function in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: a case–control study of an endemic Ghanaian community

Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2020

Schistosomiasis has been associated with kidney diseases leading to serious health problems espec... more Schistosomiasis has been associated with kidney diseases leading to serious health problems especially in advanced cases. Most studies have used renal biopsy, and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal damage among urogenital schistosomiasis affected individuals. This study assessed serum urea, creatinine, and eGFR as biochemical markers of renal abnormalities in children with urogenital schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium) at a resource limited setting in Sorodofo-Abaasa in the Central Region of Ghana. A case–control study was conducted among 116 basic school children aged 9 to 17 years from January 2015 to May 2015 at Sorodofo-Abaasa in the Abura Asebu Kwamankese District of the Central Region of Ghana. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain information on age, sex, guardian’s occupation, water contact activities, history of gross haematuria and history of medication. Participants weight and height were measured using a bathroom scale (Zhongshan Camry Electronic Co....

Demographic, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Ghana

BMC Nephrology, 2021

Background Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the commonest of the hereditar... more Background Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the commonest of the hereditary kidney diseases and mostly ensues in utero with signs delayed until after several decades. This study assessed the demographic, diagnostic (clinical and biochemical features) and therapeutic patterns among ADPKD patients who attended the nephrology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from 2007 to 2018. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective analysis of ADPKD patient records was conducted at the nephrology unit of KATH in October 2020. The records of 82 ADPKD was used for this study. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic and therapeutic data was obtained, organized and analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results ADPKD was most prevalent in people within the ages of 31–40 years (25.6 %), with a male (52.4 %) preponderance. The most common clinical features presented were flank pain (30.5 %) and bipedal swelling (18.3 %). Hyperten...

Vascular access for haemodialysis in Ghana: a single centre experience

Acute kidney injury among medical and surgical in-patients in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana: a prospective cross-sectional study

African Health Sciences

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome associated with high morbidity, mortality and... more Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome associated with high morbidity, mortality and high hospital costs. Despite its adverse clinical and economic effects, only a few studies have reported reliable estimates on the incidence of AKI in sub-Sahara Africa. We assessed the incidence and associated factors of AKI among medical and surgical patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred and forty-five (145) consecutive patients admitted to the medical and the surgical wards at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana from April 2017 to April 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical information were collected using structured questionnaires. AKI was diagnosed and staged with the KDIGO guideline, using admission serum creatinine as baseline kidney function. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 46.6±17.7 years, whilst the male:female ratio was 68:77. The overall inciden...

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Serum Uric acid is a better indicator of kidney impairment than serum uric acid to creatine ratio ; a cross sectional study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are likely to develop kidney disease. The need to identi... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are likely to develop kidney disease. The need to identify more accessible and cheaper diagnostic biomarkers cannot be overemphasized. This study investigated the ability of serum uric and uric acid to creatinine ratio in assessing the kidney function of T2DM patients and determined the relationship between serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). One hundred and fifty-five (155) consented T2DM patients were recruited from the diabetes clinic of the Cape Coast Teaching hospital. Anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured. Serum uric acid (SUA), serum creatinine and urine protein were estimated using standard protocols. Uric acid to creatinine ratio (UA:CR), eGFR were then calculated. From the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve obtained, serum uric acid was found to be a better predictor of impaired renal function than UA:CR at p = 0.0001. The uric acid levels of participants in the fourth quartile of each category was found to be significant at p = 0.010 and can be used as indicators of kidney function in these participants. According to the odds ratio, the UA:CR will not be suitable to be used as an indicator of kidney function in any of the participants because their odds ratios were all less than 1. A total of 29(18.7 %) participants were found to have CKD with their eGFR falling below 60 ml/mins per 1.73 m2. A significant positive relationship was found between serum uric acid and the staging of CKD according to eGFR whiles a negative relationship was found with UA:CR and CKD (p < 0.0001). Serum uric acid is a better indicator of renal impairment (eGFR < 60 ml/mins per 1.73 m2) than UA:CR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) best predicts the development of acute kidney injury

Heliyon

High risk of coagulopathy among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus clients at a municipal hospital in Ghana

Ghana Medical Journal, Oct 12, 2017

Background: Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus causes coagulopathies due to glycation... more Background: Persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus causes coagulopathies due to glycation of haemoglobin, prothrombin, fibrinogen and other proteins involved in the clotting mechanism. Shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) reflect hypercoagulable state, which is associated with an increased thrombotic risk and adverse cardiovascular effects. This study assessed the coagulation profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) clients at a municipal hospital in Ghana. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from January to April 2015 at the Agona Swedru Municipal Hospital. Sixty (60) persons with T2DM and 40 without were recruited and screened using appropriate protocols. Blood samples were collected for coagulation and biochemical tests. Demographic and clinical information were collected using pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism version 5. Results: APTT and PT were significantly shorter among patients with T2DM compared to those without (20.88 ± 5.19 v 31.23 ± 5.41, P=0.0001; and 11.03 ± 2.06sec v 14.46 ± 1.86, P=0.0001 respectively). INR was decreased among patients with T2DM compared to those without (0.83 ± 0.18 v 1.13 ± 0.17, P=0.0001). No significant difference was found in platelet count between T2DM and non-diabetics (179.85 ± 66.15×10 3 /mm 3 v 168.55 ± 35.77×10 3 /mm 3 , P=0.326). Serum magnesium was lower among the T2DM patients compared to the non-diabetics, while serum ionized calcium was significantly higher among the T2DM patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Clients with T2DM may have a high coagulation risk evidenced by shortened APTT, PT and a high ionized calcium compared with controls.

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High Iodine Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Periurban Ghana: A Hospital-Based Longitudinal Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Jun 3, 2018

Background. Iodine deficiency causes maternal hypothyroidism which can lead to growth, cognitive,... more Background. Iodine deficiency causes maternal hypothyroidism which can lead to growth, cognitive, and psychomotor deficit in neonates, infants, and children. is study examined the iodine status of pregnant women in a periurban setting in Ghana. Methods. is longitudinal study recruited 125 pregnant women by purposeful convenience sampling from the antenatal clinic of the Sefwi Wiawso municipal hospital in Ghana. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was estimated by the ammonium persulfate method at an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 11, 20, and 32 weeks. Demographic information, iodized salt usage, and other clinical information were collected using a questionnaire. Results. e prevalence of iodine deficiency among the pregnant women was 47.2% at EGA 11 and 60.8% at both EGA of 20 and 32, whereas only 0.8% of participants not using iodized salt had iodine sufficiency at EGA 32. 18.4%, 20%, and 24% of participants using iodized salt had iodine sufficiency at EGA 11, 20, and 32, respectively. Conclusion. A high prevalence of iodine deficiency was observed among our study cohort.

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Abnormal coagulation profile in people living with HIV-AIDS on combined Antiretroviral Therapy: findings from a case-control study in the Ho municipality, Ghana

Pan African Medical Journal, 2018

Introduction: Although combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy (cART) has improved the quality of life a... more Introduction: Although combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy (cART) has improved the quality of life and survival in people living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA), there have been reports of increased non-AIDS related co-morbidities such as coagulopathies. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cART on the coagulation profile of PLWHA. Methods: This case-control study recruited 110 PLWHA (65 patients on cART, and 45 cART naïve patients) from the antiretroviral therapy unit of Volta Regional Hospital, Ho. Blood was collected for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)and platelet count. Results: cART naïve individuals had a high PT (p <0.001; 17.2 vs 13.8) and APTT (p = 0.081; 59.7 vs 55.3) compared to their counterparts on cART. Also, INR was significantly lower in cART-treated PLWHA (p<0.001). Platelet count was high in participants on therapy compared to their naïve counterparts (204.7 vs 193.6, p = 0.402). Patients on zidovudine + nevirapin + efavirenz therapy had a significantly lower PT compared to those on zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz therapy {p = 0.02, 13.23 vs 14.66}. Additionally, PLWHA on zidovudine + nevirapin + efavirenz had reduced APTT compared to those on zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz therapy, or zidovudine + lamivudine+ nevirapine therapy (p = 0.058; 47.55 vs 56.81 vs 56.85 respectively). Conclusion: HIV infection adversely affects the coagulation profile in PLWHA which improves with cART. Barring the existence of other comorbidities, cART with zidovudine + nevirapin + efavirenz combination could be the treatment of choice as it significantly improves the coagulation profile in PLWHA.

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Crystalluria in HIV/AIDS patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy in the Kumasi metropolis; a cross sectional study

Nigerian Medical Journal, 2014

initial step of urolithogenesis in every type of urinary stone disease. 3 The clinical features c... more initial step of urolithogenesis in every type of urinary stone disease. 3 The clinical features can either be due to renal failure from crystal deposition or nephrolithiasis that result in urinary obstruction. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a preferred treatment for people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and may predispose the patient to lithiasis, which may precipitate within renal tubules either as crystals or stones and cause renal obstruction. 4,5 S t u d i e s h a v e r e p o r t e d c r y s t a l l u r i a i n H I V patients on HAART using techniques like infrared spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and phase-contrast microscopy. 5,6 However, in a resourcelimited country like Ghana, diagnosis during routine visits to healthcare facilities is made using light microscopy. Therefore, this study sought to use light

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Individual and combined bioscore model of presepsin, procalcitonin, and high sensitive C - reactive protein as biomarkers for early diagnosis of paediatric sepsis

Heliyon

Acute kidney injury in pediatric patients with malaria: A prospective cross-sectional study in the shai-osudoku district of Ghana

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation

Hematological Profile in Pregnancy and Its Effect on Birth Outcomes; a Longitudinal Study of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health

Background: Pregnancy causes remarkable and dramatic changes in hematological variables which hav... more

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Developing a Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein (M-LDL-C) Friedewald’s Equation as a Substitute for Direct LDL-C Measure in a Ghanaian Population: A Comparative Study

Journal of Lipids

Despite the availability of several homogenous LDL-C assays, calculated Friedewald’s LDL-C equati... more Despite the availability of several homogenous LDL-C assays, calculated Friedewald’s LDL-C equation remains the widely used formula in clinical practice. Several novel formulas developed in different populations have been reported to outperform the Friedewald formula. This study validated the existing LDL-C formulas and derived a modified LDL-C formula specific to a Ghanaian population. In this comparative study, we recruited 1518 participants, derived a new modified Friedewald’s LDL-C (M-LDL-C) equation, evaluated LDL-C by Friedewald’s formula (F-LDL-C), Martin’s formula (N-LDL-C), Anandaraja’s formula (A-LDL-C), and compared them to direct measurement of LDL-C (D-LDL-C). The mean D-LDL-C (2.47±0.71 mmol/L) was significantly lower compared to F-LDL-C (2.76±1.05 mmol/L), N-LDL-C (2.74±1.04 mmol/L), A-LDL-C (2.99±1.02 mmol/L), and M-LDL-C (2.97±1.08 mmol/L) p < 0.001. There was a significantly positive correlation between D-LDL-C and A-LDL-C (r=0.658, p<0.0001), N-LDL-C (r=0.69...

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Hyperglycemia in Rural Dwellers: A cross sectional study of the Effutu Municipality, Ghana

Integrative Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases

Background: Despite increasing prevalence of hyperglycemia leading to a type 2 diabetes mellitus ... more Background: Despite increasing prevalence of hyperglycemia leading to a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the urban areas, relatively little is known about its actual prevalence and associations in the rural population. This study sought to determine hyperglycemia and its associated risk factors among rural dwellers in the Effutu Municipality.Method: A simple-random cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to May 2015 at the Effutu Municipality, in the Central region of Ghana. One hundred and forty-nine (149) participants were enrolled onto the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information on demography, alcohol use, tobacco use, educational status, visual challenges, sugary food intake and late-night eating. Blood samples were obtained for determination of fasting blood glucose (FBG). Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) were determined and hip circumference (HC) using standard protocols. Data obtained...

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Knowledge Level and Determinants of Neonatal Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana

International journal of pediatrics, 2018

Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a major cause of hospital admission during the neonatal period and is ... more Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a major cause of hospital admission during the neonatal period and is associated with significant mortality. This case-control study with cross-sectional design sought to identify the possible factors associated with neonatal jaundice and assess maternal knowledge level of this condition. One hundred and fifty (150) neonates comprising 100 with clinically evident jaundice and 50 without jaundice were conveniently recruited from the Trauma and Specialist Hospital in the Effutu Municipality. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum bilirubin, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), status and blood group (ABO and Rhesus). Well-structured questionnaire was used to collect maternal and neonate sociodemographic and clinical history. Majority (54%) of neonates developed jaundice within 1-3 days after birth with 10% having it at birth. Duration of labour and neonatal birth weight were associated with neonatal jaundice ( < 0.05). G6PD abnor...

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Normal Non-HDL Cholesterol, Low Total Cholesterol, and HDL Cholesterol Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State: A Case-Control Study of Tema Metropolis

Journal of lipids, 2016

Background. Abnormal lipid homeostasis in sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by defects i... more Background. Abnormal lipid homeostasis in sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by defects in plasma and erythrocyte lipids and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the lipid profile and non-HDL cholesterol level of SCD patients. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 SCD patients, in the steady state, aged 8-28 years, attending the SCD clinic, and 50 healthy volunteers between the ages of 8-38 years. Serum lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and non-HDL cholesterol calculated by this formula: non-HDL-C = TC-HDL-C. Results. Total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.0001) were significantly decreased in cases compared to controls. The levels of non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were similar among the participants. The levels of decrease in TC and HDL were associated with whether a patient was SCD-SS or SCD-SC. Systol...

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Chronic kidney disease stages among diabetes patients in the Cape Coast Metropolis

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 2016

Diabetes patients worldwide are at a high risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which affects thei... more Diabetes patients worldwide are at a high risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which affects their quality of life and increases the risk of early death. This study used the new kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines to establish the prevalence and also identify the factors associated with CKD among diabetes patients in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Two hundred (200) diabetes patients were randomly recruited from the diabetic clinic of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital from January to April 2014. Blood and urine samples were collected for the estimation of serum creatinine and urine protein, respectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; the 2012 KDIGO guidelines was used to assess CKD. Based on these guidelines, 37% of our participants had CKD. Sixteen percent (16%) of the participants had Stage 1 CKD and 17% had an eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Albuminuria was higher among female diabetic patients compared to males (69.2% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.017). CKD was present in participants on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) alone or both OHA and insulin. Duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, older age, and use of OHA were associated with CKD (P &lt;0.05).

Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly

Journal of Hypertension, 1992

To study the determinants (or mechanisms) of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Pulsa... more To study the determinants (or mechanisms) of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Pulsatile blood pressure and flow (multisensor catheter) were measured in the ascending aorta and impedance spectra were calculated in 18 subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization. Nine subjects (mean +/- SEM age 58 +/- 1.4 years) had increased aortic systolic (166 +/- 2.3 mmHg, P &lt; 0.001), mean (116 +/- 2.1 mmHg, P &lt; 0.02) and pulse blood pressure (83 +/- 2.1 mmHg, P &lt; 0.001) and normal diastolic blood pressure (84 +/- 2.0 mmHg, NS) and constituted the isolated systolic hypertension group. The other nine age-matched (58 +/- 1.1 years) subjects had normal aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressure and constituted the normotensive control group. Both static (peripheral vascular resistance) and dynamic (characteristic impedance and wave reflection) components of left ventricular external load (aortic input impedance) were elevated in the isolated systolic hypertensives compared to the normotensive subjects; peripheral vascular resistance was 44% higher (P &lt; 0.001), characteristic impedance (index of aortic stiffness) was 107% higher (P &lt; 0.001), the first harmonic of impedance moduli (index of wave reflection) was 57% higher (P &lt; 0.004) and the first impedance moduli minimum was shifted to a higher frequency (from 3.4 +/- 0.2 Hz to 4.2 +/- 0.13 Hz, P &lt; 0.008) in the group with isolated systolic hypertension. The changes in impedance spectra in the isolated systolic hypertensives indicate that the cross-sectional area of the peripheral vascular bed was reduced and that the aorta and large arteries were stiffer, producing an increased pulse wave velocity and an early return of pulse wave reflection in systole. The marked increase in arterial stiffness in isolated systolic hypertension offset the increase in diastolic blood pressure that would have been expected from an increase in peripheral vascular resistance alone, and early return of the reflected pressure wave augmented aortic pressure throughout systole and accounted for the large increase observed in systolic and pulse pressure in the aorta.

Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly

Journal of Hypertension, 1992

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