International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2018
Exclusive breastfeeding is considered to be the most effective intervention for preventing child ... more Exclusive breastfeeding is considered to be the most effective intervention for preventing child death. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the existing knowledge of primigravida and multigravida women about exclusive breastfeeding and to study the impact of nutrition education on the same. Differences in the knowledge of primigravida and multigravida women were also assessed about breastfeeding practices. The study was conducted among60 pregnant women (>30 weeks of gestation) including 28 primigravida and 32 multigravida women attending anganwadi centres in urban slums of New Delhi. Participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The impact of nutrition education on the knowledge level of pregnant women was assessed through a scoring questionnaire. For statistical analysis paired dependent and independent t-test were used. Knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding was found to be insufficient among both primigravida and multigravida women especially among the primigravida women. Significant difference was observed in the knowledge scores of multigravida and primigravida women (t= −2.476; p<0.05). Nutrition education sessions" using flipbook and video has shown improvement in the knowledge of the pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding. A significant (t= −17.8; p<0.0001) difference in the total knowledge scores between pre and post knowledge of pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding was obtained. Emphasis on providing interactive in-depth nutrition education during antenatal and postnatal period to women will help in improving their knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and therefore the practices.
Wireless Sensor Networks are emerging as an innovative technology that can change and improve our... more Wireless Sensor Networks are emerging as an innovative technology that can change and improve our daily lives. Nevertheless, the use of such a technology raises new challenges regarding the development of reliable and secure systems. Securing WSN is thus imperative and challenging. Unfortunately, he conventional security measures based on data encryption are not well suitable to WSNs due to energy and computational resource constraints. However, watermarking techniques usually have light requirements of resource. This approach is focused on ensuring integrity and authenticity of data. Moreover, in our approach watermark techniques is discussed. The proposed approach is implemented and simulated with the MatLab The simulation results show the comparative analysis energy efficient wireless sensor network.
Introduction: Small Incision Cataract surgery (SICS) is one of the most commonly performed surger... more Introduction: Small Incision Cataract surgery (SICS) is one of the most commonly performed surgery and the Hepatitis C virus infection in the country like ours is an upcoming health hazard. Undiagnosed asymptomatic HCV sero-positive cases outnumber the diagnosed cases. Hypocoagulability because of hepatitis, can cause detrimental effect on cataract surgery. Objective: To analyze the cataract surgery complications in HCV infected cases. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology of Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Uttar Pradesh from January 2019 to January 2020. After taking permission from the ethical committee and informed-written consent from the patients, total 200 eyes of 158 patients having (116 unilateral and 42 bilateral) cataract and incidentally diagnosed positive for HCV infection were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of 200 eyes, 48 eyes had no complications and 152 (76%) eyes had one or more complications like intra...
Institutional Repositories (IRs) are established mainly to provide access to information resource... more Institutional Repositories (IRs) are established mainly to provide access to information resources which are otherwise not easily accessible in digital format. Many institutions across the world and particularly in India have successfully developed their own IRs but have not attempted to assess their importance and impact on the Users. This study conveys the findings of the survey conducted at research centric CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) laboratories of India to determine the scientists’ and research scholars’ preference for publishing their research materials; to measure the impact of IRs on their scholarly practices and to recommend future changes for inviting more participation in an IR. The study deduced that ‘PeerReview scholarly Journals’ are preferred medium for publishing research content and ‘Increase in the access to grey literature’ is the most significant impact of IR on respondents. The findings of this research paper provide insight to the IR m...
The performance of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) depends on various parameters like, Er+3 d... more The performance of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) depends on various parameters like, Er+3 doping concentration, active fiber length, pump power, pumping wavelength etc. In this paper, the analysis of gain and noise figure (NF) of EDFA is done at different pump power (10, 50, & 100mw) and at different fiber length (10, 30, & 50m) for different pumping configuration i.e. forward pumping, backward pumping, and bidirectional pumping operating in C-band at high data rate.
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2020
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major health problems in developed and developing c... more Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major health problems in developed and developing countries and it affects the organs due to micro-vasculopathy and neuropathy. Dryness of eye is also a finding frequently found and aggravated in diabetic patients. Although it appears to be a trivial complaint, but it can hamper day to day activities due to the discomfort caused by its symptoms. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of dry eye disease in patients having diabetes mellitus and to correlate dry eye disease with the stages of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: 200 Patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated in this observational, cross sectional hospital based study using subjective and objective parameters like Ocular surface disease index questionnaire, tear film break up time, Schirmer's test, fluorescein staining, impression cytology, indirect ophthalmoscopy using ETDRS criteria. Results: There was a significant correlation between dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the diabetic subjects have an elevated frequency of dry eye disease (71.5% in this study).Hence examination for dry eye should be an integral part of the ocular assessment of patients with diabetes mellitus.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Thyroid gland is one of the most common gland affected during pregnancy as it responds to the inc... more Thyroid gland is one of the most common gland affected during pregnancy as it responds to the increased physiological demands of iodine and energy during pregnancy. Any thyroid dysfunction can result in abortion, preterm labor or affects fetal neurodevelopment. Various anthropometric factors or genetic factors apart from iodine intake are known to affect the size of thyroid gland. Changes in thyroid gland morphology can be easily measured using ultrasonography as clinically the enlargement can be labelled as goiter. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the changes in thyroid gland during pregnancy and assess the different factors affecting its size across the various studies as the literature data concerning the thyroid gland enlargement during pregnancy is controversial. Various articles on thyroid volume changes during pregnancy from literature were reviewed along with a cross-sectional observation done in a government hospital setup in India, on 240 patients who were divided into...
In this paper, we focus on temperature-aware Monolithic 3D (Mono3D) deep neural network (DNN) inf... more In this paper, we focus on temperature-aware Monolithic 3D (Mono3D) deep neural network (DNN) inference accelerators for biomedical applications. We develop an optimizer that tunes aspect ratios and footprint of the accelerator under userdefined performance and thermal constraints, and generates nearoptimal configurations. Using the proposed Mono3D optimizer, we demonstrate up to 61% improvement in energy efficiency for biomedical applications over a performance-optimized accelerator.
Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis has emerged as a common coinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID... more Rhinocerebral mucormycosis has emerged as a common coinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the convalescence period. Frequent spread of disease from sinonasal mucosa to bone, neck spaces, orbit, and brain occurs along the perivascular/perineural routes or through direct invasion. Brain involvement represents severe manifestation and is often associated with poor functional outcomes and high mortality rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the intracranial assessment of disease severity in mucormycosis. Early and accurate identification of intracranial extension is imperative to improve survival rates. With this pictorial essay, we aim to familiarize the readers with the cross-sectional imaging features of intracranial complications of mucormycosis. The radiological details in this essay should serve as a broad checklist for radiologists and clinicians while dealing with this fulminant infection.
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2021
Monolithic 3D integration technology has emerged as an alternative candidate to conventional tran... more Monolithic 3D integration technology has emerged as an alternative candidate to conventional transistor scaling. Unlike conventional processes where multiple metal layers are fabricated above a single transistor layer, monolithic 3D technology enables multiple transistor layers above a single substrate. By providing vertical interconnects with physical dimensions similar to conventional metal vias, monolithic 3D technology enables unprecedented integration density and high bandwidth communication, which plays a critical role for various datacentric applications. Despite growing number of research efforts on various aspects of monolithic 3D integration, commercial monolithic 3D ICs do not yet exist. This tutorial brief provides a concise overview of monolithic 3D technology, highlighting important results and future prospects. Several applications that can potentially benefit from this technology are also discussed.
EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology, 2022
Background and purpose: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common presenting symptom of most of the b... more Background and purpose: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common presenting symptom of most of the benign and malignant uterine lesions among perimenopausal women. Although age-related, systemic, iatrogenic, and hormonal causes are more common and can be diagnosed by readily available lab tests, structural causes (either benign or malignant) are of concern to the patients in perimenopausal age women, when imaging (TVS, and MRI) comes into play. This study aims to compare the role of TVS and MRI in the characterization of uterine lesions presented as perimenopausal bleeding. Results: This observational prospective study was performed at a single tertiary care centre, comprising 52 consecutive patients of perimenopausal bleeding. All patients were subjected to TVS and MRI examination and correlation with histopathology was done. Most of the patients (44.2%) in our study belonged to age group of 40 to 49 years, with mean age for benign and malignant lesions was 46.81±8.5 and 52.10 ±7.05 r...
2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), 2019
Ultra-high power densities that are expected in future processors cannot be efficiently mitigated... more Ultra-high power densities that are expected in future processors cannot be efficiently mitigated by conventional cooling solutions. Using two-phase vapor chambers (VCs) with micropillar wick evaporators is an emerging cooling technique that can effectively remove high heat fluxes through the evaporation process of a coolant. Two-phase VCs with micropillar wicks offer high cooling efficiency by leveraging a capillary-driven flow, where the coolant is passively driven by the wicking structure that eliminates the need for an external pump. Thermal models for such emerging cooling technologies are essential to evaluate their impact on future processors. Existing thermal models for two-phase VCs use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modules, which incur long design and simulation times. This paper presents a fast and accurate compact thermal model for two-phase VCs with micropillar wicks. Our model achieves a maximum error of 1.25 • C with a speedup of 214x in comparison to a CFD model. Using our proposed thermal model, we build an optimization flow that selects the best cooling solution and its cooling parameters to minimize the cooling power under a temperature constraint for a given processor and power profile. We then demonstrate our optimization flow on different chip sizes and hot spot distributions to choose the optimal cooling technique among VCs, microchannelbased two-phase cooling, liquid cooling via microchannels, and a hybrid cooling technique with thermoelectric coolers and liquid cooling with microchannels.
Proceedings of the 2019 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, 2019
Monolithic 3D (Mono3D) is a three-dimensional integration technology that can overcome some of th... more Monolithic 3D (Mono3D) is a three-dimensional integration technology that can overcome some of the fundamental limitations faced by traditional, two-dimensional scaling. This paper analyzes the unique thermal characteristics of Mono3D ICs by simulating a two-tier flip-chip Mono3D IC and highlights the primary differences in comparison to a similarly-sized flip-chip TSV-based 3D IC. Specifically, we perform architectural-level thermal simulations for both technologies and demonstrate that vertical thermal coupling is stronger in Mono3D ICs, leading to lower upper tier temperatures. We also investigate the significance of lateral versus vertical flow of heat in Mono3D ICs. We simulate different hot spot scenarios in a two-tier Mono3D IC and show that although the lateral heat flow is limited as compared to TSV-based 3D ICs, ignoring this mechanism can cause nonnegligible error (∼ 4 • C) in temperature estimation, particularly for layers farther from the heat sink. In addition, we show that with increasing interconnect utilization (due to the contribution of Joule heating to overall temperature), the on-chip temperatures and the significance of lateral heat flow within the two-tier Mono3D IC also increase. Finally, we discuss potential opportunities in Mono3D ICs to enhance their thermal integrity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 2021
Background: Ovarian cancer is highly lethal due to delayed detection. Ovarian lesions display a m... more Background: Ovarian cancer is highly lethal due to delayed detection. Ovarian lesions display a myriad of findings on imaging. Knowledge of these is essential to make a diagnosis or list the differentials. USG remains the mainstay imaging modality in this war on cancer. Aims & Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of USG B-mode and doppler in characterisation of ovarian mass lesions. Methods: 103 women with ovarian lesions were evaluated with USG B-mode and doppler. The interpretation was compared with histopathology reports wherever possible. Results: With sensitivity and NPV of 81.82% and 84.62% of USG B-mode, it is a good primary imaging modality. By showing an increase in specificity to 94.23%, PPV to 89.29% and accuracy to 87.06%, the addition of doppler in the evaluation acts as a tool in confirmation of malignancy. Conclusion: With good diagnostic performance, USG proves to be a good primary imaging modality. Also, doppler evaluation forms a promising add-on that can ...
Future high-performance systems face elevated thermal challenges as power densities are expected ... more Future high-performance systems face elevated thermal challenges as power densities are expected to reach (and surpass) several thousand watts per centimeter square. High-density hot spots resulting from these power densities cause serious performance degradation or reliability issues, if not handled efficiently. Co-optimizing performance, power consumption, and the cooling capability can lead to enhanced performance without violating thermal constraints. This paper introduces a new EDA tool that facilitates co-design of highperformance processors with highly-efficient novel cooling techniques. The proposed tool is under-development and contains accurate thermal models of emerging cooling technologies such as liquid cooling, thermo-electric coolers, two-phase cooling, phase change material, or a hybrid cooling design. The planned tool is also capable of reducing simulation times by decoupling power/performance from thermal simulations. Further, we also plan to include several optimi...
Proceedings of the 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, 2021
We propose a design automation methodology to help design of energy-efficient Mono3D DNN accelera... more We propose a design automation methodology to help design of energy-efficient Mono3D DNN accelerators with safe on-chip temperatures for mobile systems. We introduce an optimizer capable of investigating the impact of different aspect ratios of the chip and chip footprint specifications, and selecting energy-efficient accelerators under user-specified thermal and performance constraints. We also demonstrate that using our optimizer we can reduce energy consumption by 1.6× and area by 2× with a maximum of 9.5% increase in latency compared to a Mono3D DNN accelerator optimized only for performance.
2019 18th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm), 2019
High power densities lead to thermal hot spots in modern processors. These power densities are ex... more High power densities lead to thermal hot spots in modern processors. These power densities are expected to reach kW/cm 2 scale in future high-performance chips and this increase may significantly degrade performance and reliability, if not handled efficiently. Using two-phase vapor chambers (VCs) with micropillar wick evaporators is an emerging technique that removes heat through the evaporation process of a coolant and has the potential to remove high heat fluxes. In this cooling system, the coolant is supplied passively to the micropillar wick via capillary pumping, eliminating the need for an external pump and ensuring stable thinfilm flow. Evaluation of such an emerging cooling technique on realistic chip power densities and micropillar geometries necessitates accurate and fast thermal models. Although multiphysics simulators based on either finite-element or finitevolume methods are highly accurate, they have long design and simulation times. This paper introduces a novel compact thermal model capable of simulating two-phase vapor chambers with micropillar wick evaporators. In comparison to COMSOL, our model shows a competitively low error of 1.25 • C and a 214x speedup. We also present a comparison of the cooling performance of different cooling techniques such as a conventional heat sink, liquid cooling via microchannels, hybrid cooling using thermoelectric coolers and liquid cooling via microchannels, and two-phase VCs with micropillar wick evaporators for the first time. Based on our observations, twophase VCs and microchannel-based two-phase cooling show better cooling performance for hot spot power densities of less than 1500 W/cm 2 , while hybrid cooling achieves lower hot spot temperature and thermal gradients for hot spot power densities between 1500 and 2000 W/cm 2 .
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2021
Thermal analysis is an essential step that enables co-design of the computing system (i.e., integ... more Thermal analysis is an essential step that enables co-design of the computing system (i.e., integrated circuits and computer architectures) with the cooling system (e.g., heat sink). Existing thermal simulation tools are limited by several major challenges that prevent them from providing fast solutions to large problem sizes that are necessary to conduct standard-cell level thermal analysis or to evaluate new technologies or large chips. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a SPICE-based PArallel Compact Thermal simulator (PACT) that achieves fast and accurate, standard-cell to architecture-level, steady-state and transient parallel thermal simulations. PACT utilizes the advantages of multicore processing (OpenMPI) and includes several solvers to speed up both steady-state and transient simulations. PACT can be easily extended to model a variety of emerging integration and cooling technologies by simply modifying the thermal netlist. In addition, PACT can also be used with popular architecture-level performance and power simulators. In comparison to a state-of-the-art finite-element method (FEM) based simulator (COMSOL), PACT has a maximum error of 2.77% and 3.28% for steady-state and transient thermal simulations, respectively. Compared to a popular compact thermal simulator, HotSpot, PACT demonstrates a speedup of up to 1.83× and 186× for steady-state and transient simulations, respectively. We also show the applicability and extensibility of PACT through modeling emerging integration and cooling technologies, such as monolithic 3D ICs and liquid cooling via microchannels, and full-system simulation integration on a 2.5D system with siliconphotonic network-on-chips (PNoCs).
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), Jan 16, 2015
Premature atherosclerosis is a severe complication of lupus and other systemic autoimmune disorde... more Premature atherosclerosis is a severe complication of lupus and other systemic autoimmune disorders. Gain-of-function polymorphisms in IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) are associated with an increased risk of developing lupus, and IRF5 deficiency in lupus mouse models ameliorates disease. However, whether IRF5 deficiency also protects against atherosclerosis development in lupus is not known. In this study, we addressed this question using the gld.apoE(-/-) mouse model. IRF5 deficiency markedly reduced lupus disease severity. Unexpectedly, despite the reduction in systemic immune activation, IRF5-deficient mice developed increased atherosclerosis and also exhibited metabolic dysregulation characterized by hyperlipidemia, increased adiposity, and insulin resistance. Levels of the atheroprotective cytokine IL-10 were reduced in aortae of IRF5-deficient mice, and in vitro studies demonstrated that IRF5 is required for IL-10 production downstream of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling in multiple imm...
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Papers by Prachi Shukla